Answers

 SECTION 1 Vocabular y 7. b. Something that is flamboyant is flashy or

showy. The keys here are the words usually
1. c. To be outmoded is to be old-fashioned or out-of- described as flamboyant and but…uncharac-
date. The designer window treatments may also teristically modest.
be unnecessary, pointless, or even worthless. 8. b. To be gullible means to be easy to fool or
However, the key to the meaning is the con- naïve. The keys here are the words outlandish
text—that is, the phrase installed 17 years ago. excuses and insincere employees.
2. c. Something that is wearisome is tiresome or 9. a. A prerequisite is something that is necessary
boring. The key to the meaning here is the or required. The fact that you can’t become a
phrase they regularly put students to sleep. certified teacher without completing the stu-
3. a. To be spiteful is to be vengeful or vindictive. dent teaching assignment means that it is
The keys here are the word malice and the required. The other choices do not imply a
phrase almost ruined the referee’s career. hard and fast rule.
4. d. When something is done obdurately, it is 10. c. To be diligent is to be painstaking or thorough.
done in an inflexible or intractable manner, 11. d. To be ambiguous is to be vague or unclear.
or stubbornly. The key here are the words 12. d. Something that is animated is energetic
willful young man. or lively.
5. b. A superficial remark is insignificant and 13. b. When something is intermittent, it is periodic
shallow, or petty. The key here is the word or starts and stops at intervals.
trivialized. 14. a. To be diplomatic is to be sensitive in dealing
6. a. To be ostracized is to be banished or excluded. with others or tactful.
The key here is the phrase usually loyal 15. d. To augment something is to add to or expand
friends, who had never shunned her before. it. Although choice c, consider, is not out of

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the question, since officials are responding to 34. c. If something is expansive, it is broad, open,
several fires that have already occurred, it is or spacious.
more likely that they will do something more 35. b. If a thing is detrimental, it is injurious
pronounced and definitive than just consid- or harmful.
ering the existing rules. 36. b. Crooning and bellowing both mean singing.
16. d. To be inundated is to be overwhelmed 37. d. Fallout is a side effect that occurs as a result
or flooded. of some incident, action, or happening—that
17. c. To be unique is to be one of a kind or is, it’s a consequence of something. It is the
unparalleled. most logical word to describe something that
18. d. When one is incredulous, one is skeptical affects a victim for years.
or disbelieving. 38. b. Humid and damp both mean the same thing
19. d. When one is proficient at something, one is in this context.
an expert or is skilled at it. 39. b. A sphere is a globular (globe) object.
20. a. When something is tentative, it is of an 40. d. To decontaminate and to purify both mean to
uncertain or provisional nature. remove impurities.
21. b. When a group’s opinion is unanimous, it is 41. c. To be tailored and to be altered both mean to
in accord or uniform. be made to fit.
22. a. To alleviate something is to make it more 42. a. Dormant and inactive both mean not active,
bearable or to ease it. as if asleep (the root meaning of dormant).
23. c. To be indispensable is to be necessary or 43. c. To be banished and to be exiled both mean to
essential. be forced to leave.
24. a. To expedite a process is to hurry it up or 44. b. Yielded and relinquished both mean given up.
accelerate it. 45. c. A journal and a diary are both records of
25. b. If something is plausible, it is believable daily happenings.
or credible. 46. b. To be jostled is to be bumped.
26. c. To infer something is to surmise it or deduce 47. a. A hostel and an inn are both lodging places
it from the evidence. for travelers.
27. d. An ultimatum is a final statement of terms or 48. a. Philosophy means a system of motivating
non-negotiable demand. principles.
28. b. To be meticulous is to be extremely careful 49. b. The key here is the phrase, We had no idea
or painstaking. who the special guest speaker would be. This
29. b. To be apathetic is to show little or no interest implies there is something hidden or secret.
or to be indifferent. The other choices are unrelated to not know-
30. a. To be fortified is to be strengthened or ing who the speaker would be.
reinforced. 50. c. To consider is to think about. The other
31. d. To delegate a task is to assign it or to appoint choices make no sense in the context of
another to do it. the sentence.
32. c. To arouse someone is to stir up or provoke 51. a. An opportunity is a chance. The other
that person. choices make no sense in the context of
33. d. To articulate something is to give words to it this sentence.
or express it.

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52. b. A grimace is a contortion of the face. Neither 59. c. Throughout the passage, the author displays
a wrinkle nor a simper match the descriptive a positive attitude toward the Sami and their
word ferocious. A shriek would be described beliefs. Although they are said to be peaceful,
in terms of sound, rather than looks. they are not said to be timid or fearful (they
53. d. Answers a and c do not include the sense of retreated from war because they did not
hierarchy conveyed in the phrase to enforce believe in it). In the context of the passage,
social order. Answer b does convey a sense of it’s most likely that the Sami avoid making a
hierarchy, but in the wrong order. disturbance in the wilderness out of respect
54. a. This is the choice that makes the most sense for the spirits.
when imagining objects floating in space.
55. b. Although a muscle that atrophies may be
weakened (choice c), the primary meaning of  SECTION 2 Analogies
the phrase to atrophy is to waste away.
56. a. The passage implies that the other women in 60. b. A petal is a part of a flower; a leaf is a part of
the orchestra were conventional because of a tree.
the way they dressed and wore their hair. 61. d. A shelf is a part of a bookcase; a key is a part
Because Robin does things differently, she of a piano.
would be considered unconventional. The 62. a. A group of fish is called a school; a group of
other choices, although she may be joyful, wolves is called a pack.
unreliable, and proud, have nothing to do 63. a. A scale measures weight; a yardstick
with the context of this sentence, which is measures length.
directly addressing her appearance as it com- 64. d. Watermelon is a kind of fruit; Dalmatian is a
pares to the other women in the orchestra. kind of canine.
57. a. To depict the Sami, the author uses words 65. e. A foot propels a skateboard; a pedal propels
that point to their gentleness, which is an a bicycle.
admirable quality: They move quietly, dis- 66. c. Stretch and extend are synonyms; shake and
play courtesy to the spirits of the wilderness, tremble are synonyms.
and were known as peaceful retreaters. There 67. c. A kangaroo is a marsupial; a rhinoceros is
is nothing pitying, contemptuous, or a pachyderm.
patronizing in the language, and nothing in 68. e. Starving is an intensification of hungry;
the passage indicates that the author is per- depressed is an intensification of sad.
plexed—the description of the Sami is clear 69. a. A dermatologist treats acne; a psychologist
and to the point. treats a neurosis.
58. b. The immediate context of the word animistic 70. e. A frame surrounds a picture; a fence surrounds
defines the word: for [the Sami], nature and a backyard.
natural objects had a conscious life, a spirit. 71. b. One searches in order to find; one explores in
There is no indication in the passage that the order to discover.
author believes the Sami’s animistic religion 72. c. A pharmacy sells drugs; a bakery sells bread.
is irrational (choice a). The other choices are 73. a. Layer and tier are synonyms; section and
not in the passage. segment are synonyms.

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74. a. Metropolitan describes urban areas; bucolic 96. d. A dirge is a song used at a funeral; a jingle is a
describes rural areas. song used in a commercial.
75. d. A teacher works in a school; a judge works in 97. e. Feral and tame are antonyms; ephemeral and
a courthouse. immortal are antonyms.
76. c. A Persian is a type of cat; a parakeet is a type 98. a. A spy acts in a clandestine manner; an accoun-
of bird. tant acts in a meticulous manner.
77. e. To jog is to run slowly; to drizzle is to rain slowly. 99. c. Hegemony means dominance; autonomy
78. c. A skein is a quantity of yarn; a ream is a quan- means independence.
tity of paper. 100. e. An aerie is where an eagle lives; a house is where
79. b. To tailor a suit is to alter it; to edit a manuscript a person lives.
is to alter it.
80. d. A conductor leads an orchestra; a skipper leads
a crew.  SECTION 3 Main Ideas, Themes
81. a. Jaundice is an indication of a liver problem; rash
is an indication of a skin problem. 101. d. The author stresses the convenience of fitness
82. b. A cobbler makes and repairs shoes; a contractor walking, by stating that it does not require a
builds and repairs buildings. commute to a health club. The paragraph also
83. e. To be phobic is to be extremely fearful; to be implies that fitness walking will result in a good
ridiculous is to be extremely silly. workout. Choice a is incorrect because no com-
84. c. Obsession is a greater degree of interest; fantasy parison to weight lifting is made. Choice b may
is a greater degree of dream. seem like a logical answer, but the paragraph
85. d. Devotion is characteristic of a monk; wanderlust only refers to people who are fitness walkers, so
is characteristic of a rover. for others, a health club might be a good
86. e. Slapstick results in laughter; horror results investment. Choice c is not in the passage.
in fear. Although choice e seems logical, the paragraph
87. b. Verve and enthusiasm are synonyms; devotion does not indicate that the wrong shoes will pro-
and reverence are synonyms. duce major injuries.
88. c. A cacophony is an unpleasant sound; a stench 102. b. The last sentence in the paragraph clearly sup-
is an unpleasant smell. ports the idea that the renewed interest in
89. a. A conviction results in incarceration; a reduc- Shakespeare is due to the development of his
tion results in diminution. characters. Choice a is incorrect because the
90. a. The deltoid is a muscle; the radius is a bone. writer never makes this type of comparison.
91. d. Umbrage and offense are synonyms; elation and Choice c is wrong, because even though schol-
jubilance are synonyms. ars are mentioned in the paragraph, there is no
92. b. Being erudite is a trait of a professor; being indication that the scholars are compiling the
imaginative is a trait of an inventor. anthology. Choice d is wrong because there is
93. d. Dependable and capricious are antonyms; capa- no support to show that most New Yorkers are
ble and inept are antonyms. interested in this work. There is no support for
94. a. A palm (tree) has fronds; a porcupine has quills. choice e either.
95. e. A metaphor is a symbol; an analogy is a 103. d. This answer is implied by the whole paragraph.
comparison. The author stresses the need to read critically by

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performing operations on the text in a slow stone tools first came into use. Although some
and specific manner. Choice a is incorrect may agree that choice e is true, the author
because the author never says that reading is of the paragraph does not give support for
dull. Choices b, c, and e are not supported by this opinion.
the paragraph. 108. d. Choices a and c are not supported by the
104. a. The support for this choice is in the second paragraph. Choices b and e only tell us about
sentence, which states that in some countries, particular parts of the paragraph and are
toxic insecticides are still legal. Choice b is too specific to be the main idea. Choice d,
incorrect because even though polar regions however, is general enough to encompass all
are mentioned in the paragraph, there is no the sentences and the paragraph as a whole.
support for the idea that warmer regions are Every sentence supports the idea asserted in
not just as affected. There is no support choice d.
for choice c. Choice d can be ruled out be- 109. d. Both sentences in the paragraph support this
cause there is nothing to indicate that DDT choice. Choices a and e are opinions and are
and toxaphene are the most toxic. Choice e not in the paragraph. Choices b and c may be
is illogical. true, but they are also not supported by the
105. a. The second and third sentence combine to give paragraph.
support to choice a. The statement stresses that 110. c. The first sentence points out that it is not prac-
there must be a judge’s approval (i.e., legal tical to use the first-person point of view in
authorization) before a search can be con- business correspondence. Choices a, b, and e
ducted. Choices b and d are wrong because it is are not in the paragraph. Choice d is in the
not enough for the police to have direct evi- paragraph and although it does tell us some-
dence or a reasonable belief—a judge must thing about the first-person point of view, it is
authorize the search for it to be legal. Choices too narrow to represent the main idea, which
c and e are not mentioned in the passage. has to do with the first-person point of view as it
106. e. This answer is clearly stated in the last sen- is related to writing in a business environment.
tence of the paragraph. Choice a can be ruled
out because there is no support to show that
studying math is dangerous. Words are not  SECTION 4 Topic Sentences
mentioned in the passage, which rules out
choice b. There is no support for choice c. 111. d. The mention that searching for spices has
Choice d is a contradiction to the information changed the course of history, and that for
in the passage. spices, nations have . . . gone to war, implies that
107. d. The last sentence states that new technologies the subject of the paragraph is history. These
are reported daily, and this implies that new phrases also connote danger and intrigue.
technologies are being constantly developed. 112. c. The mention of all the amazing things the brain
There is no support for choice a. With regard is capable of is directly relevant to its being
to choice b, stone tools were first used two and a mysterious and complex. The other choices are
half million years ago, but they were not neces- less relevant.
sarily in use all that time. Choice c is clearly 113. b. Choice b addresses both of Gary’s vanities: his
wrong because the paragraph states when person and his situation. Choice a deals only

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with one of Gary’s physical characteristics. 122. d. The topic sentence refers to punishment used in
Choice c deals only with his vanity of position. early America. Choice a gives a reason for the
Choice d is not supported in the passage. use of punishment in early America. Choices b
114. a. This choice refers both to age and complexity; and c state why we don’t have such punish-
b and c refer only to complexity. Answer d is ment today and compares historical punish-
less relevant to the topic sentence (which ment with today’s sensibility.
doesn’t mention Darwin or theories) than the 123. d. Choice d gives us a reason why more people
other choices. are eating organic, so it supports the statement
115. b. This choice is the only one that supports and made in the topic sentence. Choices a and b
develops the topic sentence. The other choices are about organic products, but they don’t
all say something about cosmetic plastic provide logical reasons for the increasing pop-
surgery, but they do not support the topic sen- ularity of organic foods. Choice c is about
tence, which states that cosmetic plastic another topic completely.
surgery is one of the fastest-growing segments 124. c. This choice introduces the idea that some laws
of U.S. medicine. are strange. Choices a, b, and d are examples of
116. c. The topic sentence speaks of the big-bang theory strange laws.
being much misunderstood, and c addresses 125. a. This topic sentence states the importance of a
this, whereas the other choices do not. cat’s whiskers. Choices b, c, and d give other
117. d. Only this choice deals with learning how to details that do not directly support the topic
accept oneself and then relates it to another sentence.
person. Choices a and c are both irrelevant to 126. c. This choice states the popularity of the game.
the topic sentence. Choice b states the exact Choices a and b state the game’s origin. Choice
opposite of the topic sentence. d explains how its popularity spread.
118. c. Choice c is the only entry that presents the sim- 127. c. This sentence gives a reason for longevity that
ilar traits of both the hero and the superstar. was introduced in the topic sentence. Choices a,
Choice a only defines a superstar. Choice b b, and d are about longevity but do not give any
defines the hero. Choice d introduces irrele- reasons.
vant material—the sports arena, with no men- 128. a. Choice a pronounces an end to 16 years of vio-
tion of the superstar. lence. Choice b, c and d are facts about James’s
119. a. This choice is a comparison between man and life.
bird. Neither one needs instruction to do what 129. c. Great wealth is not an indicator of honor. Each
is important to its life. Choices b, c, and d do of the other choices describes the honor that is
not support this topic sentence. received. Choice a says, greatly respected, choice
120. b. This choice is the only one that talks about how b—a revered poet, and choice d—long-lasting
parents make a difference in their children’s reputation.
academic success. The other choices don’t men- 130. b. The topic sentence presents the idea that all
tion parents at all. the men are connected by whale lines, each
121. c. The main idea is that the United States limits man relies on the others for his safety. Choice a
immigration numbers. Choices a, b, and d show states this idea explicitly: Each man “had to
the effects and statistics that result from this depend on the others to stay alive.” Choice c
actio but do not support the topic sentence. presents the idea as metaphorical, each man is

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connected to the next. Choice d offers an exam- 138. d. The first sentence indicates that sushi was
ple of how a man can be thrown overboard once available only in a handful of eating
and must rely on his crew to cut their whale establishments.
loose and come back and get him. Only choice 139. c. Choice b may seem attractive at first, but the
b does not make any connection to the men. passage doesn’t offer the opinion that the pur-
pose of the shopping mall is important, it sim-
ply tells us what the purposes are.
 SECTION 5 Short Passages 140. d. The directions mention nothing about
fertilization.
131. a. Choice d may seem attractive at first, but the 141. c. The third sentence specifically mentions that
passage simply says that the local media does the pointed side goes up and the root side faces
not adequately cover local politics—it doesn’t down. This means that there is an up side and
discuss the reason for their neglect. a down side and that it is possible for the bulb
132. c. Sentence 3 indicates the importance of organi- to be put into the soil upside down if someone
zation and design. The other choices, even if didn’t know better. The other choices may be
true, are not in the passage. true but are not mentioned in the passage.
133. b. Both sentences in this passage support the idea 142. c. The directions indicate that the city prefers, but
that the emphasis on the low-carb/low-fat does not require, use of its new container, and
debate is misleading and might distract us from that the customers may use more than one con-
other important ideas.The other choices are tainer if they purchase an additional one.
not supported by or developed in this passage. 143. b. The directions state use of the new containers
134. b. The other choices are wrong because the pas- will expedite pick-up of recyclables. This indicates
sage is not concerned with how sanitation that the new containers will make the recycling
workers should deal with sharp objects but with program more efficient.
how everyone should dispose of sharp objects 144. b. See the second and third sentences for the steps
in order to avoid hurting sanitation workers. in making ratatouille. Only choice b reflects
135. d. See the second sentence of the passage. Choices the correct order.
a and b are not in the passage. Choice c might 145. d. The main part of the passage describes how to
seem attractive, but the passage does not say cook vegetables. Only choice d indicates that
that mediation is the best way to resolve a con- vegetables are included in the dish. The other
flict, simply that it is an alternative way that choices are not reflected in the passage.
might prove effective. 146. d. See the final sentence of the passage.
136. c. See the final sentence of the passage. The other 147. c. See the second sentence, which defines ksa. The
choices might be true but are not in the passage. other choices are refuted in the passage.
137. a. The second sentence speaks of the greater pro- 148. d. This answer is implied by the statement that
ductivity of telecommuters. The other choices redistribution is needed so that people in
may seem attractive on the surface because they emerging nations can have proper medical
contain words and phrases from the passage, care. Choices a, b, and c are not mentioned in
but a closer look will show them to be incorrect the passage.
or absent from the passage. 149. c. This choice is the best answer because the para-
graph indicates that the new knitters are of

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varying ages and are not just women. Choices obstacles, but it does not say that they
a and b may be true, but they are not supported absolutely require outside help to succeed, just
by the paragraph. Choice d is a prediction that that it is available.
is not made in the paragraph. 158. d. This choice encompasses the main informa-
150. d. The paragraph specifically states that age makes tion in the passage. Choices a, b, and c are not
a person less able to respond to long exposure mentioned.
to very hot or very cold temperatures. This 159. a. The title should express the main idea of the
would mean that older people are more sus- passage. The passage, as a whole, focuses on
ceptible to hypothermia. Choices a, b, and c appropriate and inappropriate uses of e-mail.
are not supported by the information given in The other choices address more specific ideas
the paragraph. expressed in the passage but are not its main
151. c. The third sentence is the main idea. It is a idea.
general idea that answers the only question 160. c. The first and second sentences reflect this idea.
posed in the passage. The other choices are not The passage does not say that Native American
in the passage. art is dreamlike (choice a). Choices b and d are
152. d. The passage states that health clubs have under- too limited to be main ideas.
gone a major transformation due to people’s 161. a. This idea is expressed in two of the three sen-
interest in taking care of their minds, bodies, tences in the passage and sums up the overall
and spirits. Choice a is incorrect because the meaning of the passage.
paragraph doesn’t say exercise is less impor- 162. d. This is stated in the final paragraph. The other
tant. It simply says the focus and type of exer- choices are not reflected in the passage.
cise have changed. Choices b and c are not 163. c. This choice most nearly encompasses the pas-
supported by the paragraph. sage and is reflected in the final sentence.
153. c. This choice is closely related to all three 164. b. The passage defines an ecosystem as a commu-
sentences of the passage. Choice a is contra- nity within which all members interrelate. (See
dicted in the passage. Choices b and d are not the first three sentences of the paragraph.)
in the passage. Choice a is only one example of an interaction.
154. a. The entire passage relates to this idea. The other The other two choices are too limited to sum up
ideas are not reflected in the passage. ecosystem activities.
155. a. This is the main idea of the passage because all 165. b. This is the only choice that reflects the idea of
the sentences relate to it. The other choices may interaction among all members of the group
be true but are not reflected in the passage. spoken of in the first sentence. The other
156. c. This idea is expressed in the final sentence and choices are only physical settings.
wraps up the passage, speaking of the impor- 166. c. The entire passage supports this idea. Choice a
tance of creating a balance. The other choices is incorrect because the business aspect of alter-
are not in the passage. native medicine is not discussed in the passage.
157. c. The support for choice c is given in the second Choices b and d reflect accurate supporting
sentence. No support is given for choices a and statements that do appear in the passage, but
d. Choice b is incorrect because the paragraph they are not encompassing enough to reflect the
states that women business owners face unique main idea.

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167. a. Pain management is a generic term and pain 181. d. The passage explains that Cortez sought gold
management treatment can be alternative or and created Mexico City.
traditional, depending on the practitioner. 182. b. This choice best captures the theme of the
Choices b, c, and d are not correct because they encounter.
are all mentioned in the passage as being par- 183. a. The examples in this passage are mainly about
ticular alternative medicine practices. Roosevelt’s accomplishments.
168. a. The last sentence of the second paragraph 184. c. The second sentence of the first paragraph sup-
clearly states that people born before 1945 are ports this choice.
the least likely to turn to alternative therapies. 185. b. In the second paragraph, the first sentence sup-
169. d. The beginning of the last paragraph discusses ports this answer.
this scientific investigation and its role in mak- 186. a. This is the only choice and is stated in para-
ing alternative treatments more accepted by graph 1.
mainstream medicine. 187. b. This is the only correct choice.
170. b. See the first paragraph. Choice a is contradicted 188. b. The important part of the question the reader
in the first paragraph. Choice c is perhaps true should consider is “the origin of all species.”
but is not in the passage. Choice d is incorrect This answer best supports Darwin’s theory.
because, although the president’s assistant 189. c. These are the only two principles mentioned in
escorted Autherine Lucy to class, the passage the passage.
does not say that the assistant befriended her. 190. b. Religious opponents condemned his work.
Accompanying her to class may just have been 191. b. Six thousand years ago must account for over
his assigned job. 2,000 years after the birth of Christ, and that
171. b. The first paragraph says that Autherine Lucy leaves almost 4,000 years in the B.C. era. All
bravely took her seat, and the last paragraph other choices are incorrect math.
refers to her courage. 192. b. The Carib were not in any way described as
172. a. According to the first paragraph, Autherine peaceful but rather, hostile people. Therefore,
Lucy was surprised when the professor appar- this answer is the exception. All other choices
ently did not notice her. are descriptive of the Caribs and are explicit in
173. d. See the fourth sentence of paragraph 2. the passage.
174. c. The other answers are all contrary to informa- 193. a. The last two lines of the passage directly state
tion in the passage. what defeated the Caribs. Choice b is incorrect
175. c. The passage clearly states this as the reason why since the Arawaks were defeated by the Carib,
Kwanzaa is celebrated. and neither the Dutch nor the French were
176. a. This is the only correct choice. mentioned in the role of conquerors.
177. d. The passage does not mention this choice. 194. b. Strife means war. Choice c refers to the prod-
178. d. This is the definition of Kwanzaa. ucts one can buy on the modern St. Maarten.
179. d. Nowhere in the passage is it mentioned that Choice d makes no sense since the time of strife
the Spanish outnumbered the Aztecs. is when the tribe allowed a chief to be chosen.
180. a. Each statement about Cortez is true, but only Choice a is not mentioned in conjunction with
this answer matched the prophecy. being warlike or with strife; it is added as
another characteristic.

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195. c. Present-day St. Maarten belongs to the French the piece. The other choices either are not men-
and the Dutch. Choices b and d have no sup- tioned or are secondary ideas in the passage.
port in the passage. Choice a is incorrect. The 202. c. The passage clearly states that Wolfgang took an
Spanish are only mentioned in the passage in interest in the clavier when his sister was learn-
conjunction with the Indians. ing to play the instrument.
196. d. The idea of the passage is to convince the reader 203. b. In the second paragraph, the passage states that
that the metaphor is a wonderful poetic device. Wolfgang’s first public appearance was at Linz
None of the other choices are approached in the and that after this concert, word of his genius
passage. traveled to Vienna. This paragraph also states
197. a. The first paragraph clearly states that poets use that Vienna was the capital of the Hapsburg
metaphors more than any other type of figura- Empire.
tive language, thereby inferring that a metaphor 204. d. The passage does not say anything about Wolf-
is a type of figurative language. Choice b is gang preferring one instrument to another.
incorrect since the phrase other type of figurative 205. b. The third paragraph states that at the time, it
language is clearly stated. Choice c is not sup- was not uncommon for child prodigies to have
ported in the passage. Choice d is incorrect; extensive concert tours. The other choices are
review the definition of a metaphor in the first not supported by the information given in the
and second lines of the passage. passage.
198. c. This detail is presented in the second para- 206. a. The main point of the passage is to describe
graph. This links thorns with the idea of adding Mozart’s experiences as a child prodigy, or a
another dimension to the image of love. highly talented child. Choices b, c, and d are not
Choices a and b are not supported in the pas- mentioned in the paragraph.
sage. Choice d is incorrect because thorns are 207. c. The titles in choices a, b, and d all imply that the
not being compared to a rose. passage will provide information, which it does
199. d. The explanation of the line details how love not. Choice c is the most accurate choice
can be wonderful and yet, with the introduction because the passage deals mainly with remem-
of the thorn imagery, it also presents the dan- bering the fair.
ger of love. Choices b and c are not mentioned 208. a. Sentence 1 (choice a) contains the phrase
in the passage. Choice a only deals with the should have been a colossal failure, which is an
idea of joy, disregarding the thorn/danger opinion of the author. The other choices are
aspect. sentences that provide factual information
200. c. This specific detail can be found in paragraph about Woodstock.
1. “ . . . poets compose their best poetry to 209. a. The sentence preceding and leading into sen-
express what they are experiencing emotionally tence 3 speaks of the very brief time—a
at that moment.” Choices a and b are incorrect month—that the organizers of the fair had to
because they each deal with only one reason for find a new site and get information out. Choices
a poet to write. Choice d is incorrect since the b and d are incorrect because they could not
only discussion of the senses dealt with the spe- have been known about at the time the fair was
cific metaphor that was used as an example. moved. Choice c is incorrect because there is no
201. c. This title most nearly captures the main idea of indication in the passage that New York officials
the passage and the author’s purpose in writing tried to stop the fair.

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 SECTION 6 Nonfiction and 218. c. The passage does say that a homeowner can
Information Passages have an energy audit, but it says nothing about
a local energy company providing that service.
210. d. The passage details the proper locations for Choice a may seem attractive at first since those
smoke detectors and is ordered according specific figures are not mentioned in the pas-
to topic. sage, but the third paragraph does say that flu-
211. b. Although the passage mentions firefighters’ orescent bulbs can save 50% on lighting costs,
responsibilities (choice a), the main focus of and $65 is almost 50% less than $135. Choices
the passage is the installation of smoke b and d are clearly stated in the passage.
detectors. Choice c is only a detail. Choice d is 219. a. The passage is offering recommendations about
not mentioned. the many things homeowners and renters can
212. b. The answer can be found in the first sentence of do to save money and energy. The other choices
the third paragraph. Choice a may seem attrac- may all be mentioned in the passage, but they
tive because the passage contains the words are too specific to be the main idea.
four inches and twelve inches, but close reading 220. d. The passage says nothing about an energy audi-
will show it to be incorrect. tor actually fixing the flaws him- or herself,
213. a. The answer is found in the first paragraph simply that the auditor will locate the flaws and
(smoke detectors reduce the risk of dying in a fire offer possible money-saving solutions.
by half). 221. a. The fifth paragraph states that double-paned
214. c. The answer can be found in the next to last windows can cut energy costs, so we can infer
sentence of the passage. that this means that they are energy efficient.
215. d. The answer is implied by the first sentence of The other three choices are not stated in
the passage. There is no information in the pas- the passage.
sage to indicate that the other choices are a fire- 222. a. The passage is organized chronologically. The
fighter’s responsibility, even though they may steps for starting a book club are listed in the
be in certain real-life situations. order in which they should occur.
216. b. The second paragraph states that there should 223. c. The second sentence of the second paragraph
be a smoke detector outside each sleeping area in states this clearly.
a home. The last sentence states that smoke 224. d. Deciding on the club’s focus—the kinds of
detectors should not be placed in kitchens books or genre the club will read—should
(choice d). be done prior to this meeting and prior to
217. b. Ideas are listed by topic, but there is some cause recruiting members, according to the second
and effect as well since the passage explains the paragraph.
reasons for the various steps. The other choices 225. b. This is the only appropriate title. Choice a is too
are incorrect because the passage does not list specific, since the passage indicates that making
the ideas in order of importance (hierarchical) new friends is just one component of a book
or in the order in which they have occurred or club. Choice c is incorrect because this passage
should occur (chronological). These steps can does not contain numbered steps. Choice d is
occur in any order. too vague, and the tone is inappropriate.

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226. a. The passage states this is one possible focus but the first sentence speaks of mental- and physical-
does not say successful book clubs must focus health professionals referring their clients and
exclusively on one genre. The other choices are patients to music therapists; the second sentence
all in the passage. Choice c might seem attrac- indicates that it (meaning a referral) seems a par-
tive at first, but the passage clearly states that a ticularly good choice for the social worker. Choice
focus should be chosen, even if that focus is c is possible, but does not summarize the passage
defined as flexible and open. as well as choice b. Choice a refers to a topic not
227. d. The tone and specificity of the passage infer covered in the passage.
that a successful book club requires careful 235. d. Although the other choices may be correct,
planning. they require knowledge beyond the passage.
228. d. This is a listing of reasons why Hartville Based on the information in the passage, d is
employees are unhappy and went on strike. the best choice.
229. c. The second sentence of the second task-force 236. a. Based particularly on the last sentence of the
finding states that Hartville’s equipment does passage, a is the best choice. The other choices
not meet current health and safety standards. are beyond the scope of the passage.
Choices a and b may be attractive at first, but 237. d. In the Northern Hemisphere, June 21 would be
choice a is incorrect because it doesn’t say the summer; however, according to the passage, it
equipment is broken, just that it is old and dan- is the beginning of winter in the Southern
gerous. Choice b is incorrect because computer Hemisphere.
keyboards are not mentioned, and there is no 238. b. Logically, if June 21 is called the summer sol-
indication that computer keyboards are stice in the Northern Hemisphere, then that
included in the equipment being discussed. same day would be the winter solstice in the
230. d. The only specific recommendation in the task- Southern Hemisphere.
force findings appears in the second finding 239. d. Because the author mentions that one of the
regarding equipment in the manufacturing two women gained international fame because
department, in the final sentence. she attended the international conference, the
231. b. The final finding of the task force states that due reader can surmise that for a woman to attend
to the withholding of information by middle was a rare occurrence; therefore, choice d is the
management, upper management is unaware of best answer. Choices b and c are beyond the
the severity of employee discontent. The other scope of the passage. Choice a might be true but
choices are not stated in the passage. would require information not contained in
232. d. The third task-force finding states that sick and the passage.
personal day policies are unclear, and no outline 240. d. See the final sentence of the passage.
of an actual policy is provided. 241. d. Answer d is the most accurate conclusion
233. c. Choice c provides the best outline of the pas- because the first sentence speaks of periods of
sage. The other choices all contain points that war. The other choices, whether true or false,
are not covered by the passage. are not addressed in the selection.
234. b. This passage provides information to social 242. d. Although the people in the other choices
workers about music therapy, as the title in might read this passage, it is not directed
choice b indicates. Choice d is incorrect because toward scholars (choices a and b), nor is there

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anything in it about operating a loom (choice 249. c. The second sentence of the second paragraph
c). The light, informative tone, as well as the states that, while corals are the main compo-
subject matter of the final sentence, particu- nents of reef structure, they are not the only liv-
larly indicate that the passage is directed ing participants.
toward interior decorators. 250. b. The context of the passage indicates that the
243. a. Choices c and d are beyond the scope of this sentences in question are pointing out an
passage and a reader would not be able to tell if unforeseen consequence (however) and the cur-
the author believed them, based on the infor- rent situation (now). The other choices would
mation provided. Choice c reflects a point of result in meanings that do not fit with the flow
view that would be unlikely for the author of information in the rest of the passage.
based on the content of this passage, which 251. d. Choices a, b, and c are not supported by infor-
implies that the author believes that women mation in the passage. Thus, the best choice is d.
and men have an equal need for education. 252. d. Choices a and c are possible definitions of ush-
244. b. The missing sentence is in a portion of the pas- ered, but do not fit in the context of the passage.
sage that discusses the long-term impacts of Choice b is an incorrect definition. Heralded,
the Franks; therefore, b is the best choice. choice d, is the best definition in the context.
Choices a and c are written in a style appropri- 253. b. The blank is followed by a discussion of the
ate to the passage, but the information is not shortcomings of the RDA approach. Choice a is
appropriate. Choice d is more informal in style incorrect because it does not lead into a dis-
than the rest of the passage. cussion regarding the RDA approach’s short-
245. b. Although all of the choices are possible defini- comings. Choice c is incorrect because it is
tions of culture, the passage is speaking of a contradicted by the final sentence of the pas-
community of interrelated individuals, namely, sage, which states that the RDA approach
Europeans. remains a useful guide. Choice d is incorrect
246. a. The passage explicitly states that Charlemagne because its casual style is inconsistent with the
was crowned emperor in 800 and died in 814— style used in the rest of the passage.
a period of 14 years. Therefore, b, c, and d are 254. b. Choice b is indicated by the final sentence,
mathematically incorrect. which indicates that the RDA approach is use-
247. b. The phrase ill effects of that precedes the words ful, but has limitations, implying that a sup-
erosion and putrefaction means that putrefac- plemental guide would be a good thing. Choice
tion is a negative consequence, as is erosion. a is contradicted by the final sentence of the
The other choices are either neutral or positive. passage. Choice c is incorrect because the pas-
248. d. This passage is written in a style directed to a sage says the RDA approach is a useful guide, but
general audience; therefore, choice b is not cor- does not say it is the best guide to good nutri-
rect, as an advanced marine biology textbook tion. Choice d is contradicted by the next to last
would contain a more specialized style and level sentence of the passage.
of writing. Choice a is incorrect because the 255. b. The passage contains objective information
subject of the passage is not history. This pas- about accounting such as one might find in a
sage is not a personal essay, so choice c is also textbook. There is nothing new or newsworthy
incorrect. in it (choice a). The passage does not contain

143
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the significant amount of personal opinion one 261. c. All the other statements are inaccurate.
might find in an essay (choice c). It does not 262. a. This choice sticks to the subject, Daniel O’Con-
deal with matters that might involve govern- nell. It provides a transition to the sentence fol-
ment (choice d). lowing it by giving information about the
256. d. The final sentence emphasizes the importance location of the statue. Choices b and c swerve
of correct interpretation of financial account- off topic, and choice d essentially repeats infor-
ing. Choice a is wrong, because something so mation given elsewhere in the paragraph.
important would not be discretionary (optional). 263. d. The title Sights and History on Dublin’s O’Con-
Choice b may be true, but it is not as important nell Street touches on all the specific subjects of
for guidelines to be convenient as it is for them the passage: the sights to see on this particular
to be rigorous. Choice c is wrong because the street and the history connected to them.
word austere connotes sternness. People may be Choice a is too general about the place
stern, but inanimate entities, such as guide- described, which is a particular street in Dublin,
lines, cannot be. not the whole city. Choices b and c are too spe-
257. b. Choices a, c, and d are all listed in the passage cific in that they cover only the material in the
as functions of accounting. On the other hand, first paragraph.
the second sentence of the passage speaks of a 264. c. The hidden or key resource mentioned in the
marketing department, separate from the passage is the fine distinction between the def-
accounting department. inition of street and boulevard, which is used to
258. a. The final sentence is an instance of a regular win the argument with or get the better of
pattern that still has an uncanny quality. tourists. Choices a and b do not make sense;
Choices b and c would introduce a sentence answer d is incorrect because there is no real
with an idea contradicting the preceding. fraud used in the argument in the passage.
Choice d would indicate that the final sentence 265. d. The author offers an example of Dublin wit
is a restatement of the preceding, which it is not. and mentions the unhurried pace of Dublin
259. d. The passage says that people in general consider crowds. Choice a interprets the adjective unhur-
genius supernatural, but also . . . eccentric; the ried in too negative a manner for the tone of
pairing of extraordinary and erratic in choice d the passage. Answers b and c similarly inter-
includes both meanings given in the passage. pret the playful joke on French tourists too
Choices a and c cover only one side of the pas- disparagingly.
sage’s meaning. Choice b contains definitions 266. a. This is implied in the first passage, which says
that the passage does not ascribe to the com- that Dilly’s is “popular,” and the same idea is
mon view of genius. explicitly stated in the second passage.
260. c. This title covers the main point of the passage 267. d. This is the only one of the choices that is
that, although there are predictable patterns in implied in both passages.
the lives of geniuses, the pattern increases the 268. d. This is the only quotation from the second pas-
sense of something supernatural touching their sage that reveals the critic’s opinion of the qual-
lives. Choices a and b are too general. Choice d ity of the food.
is inaccurate because the passage does not talk 269. a. The fact that the overall tone of the passage is
about disorder in the life of a genius. quite negative indicates the writer’s purpose.

144
 – ANSWERS –

270. c. In contrast to the second passage, the first passage 276. c. This is explicitly stated in the passage. Choice a
seems to be encouraging a visit to Dilly’s.Answers is an incorrect assumption, as the passage does
a, b, and d are not mentioned in the passage. not discuss allergies; it states that we dismiss the
271. d. Choice d sums up the first paragraph, which is symptoms, blaming allergies as the cause. Choice
essentially a list of the cuttlefish’s characteristics. b is tempting, but it is not a specific effect of the
It gives the most interesting characteristic, and chemicals combining; it merely states that rid-
the sentence introduces the subject of the sec- ding our homes of impurities seems a great
ond paragraph—the ability of the cuttlefish to task. Choice d is incorrect because the combi-
change color. Choice a adds information not in nation of harmful chemicals does not trigger
keeping with the tone or focus of the passage. the process of photosynthesis in any way.
Choice b repeats information in the first para- 277. a. It is clearly stated that research has been done
graph but does not introduce the next one. using certain houseplants. Choice b is incorrect
Choice c uses but does not explain scientific because the sentence that deals with NASA sug-
language, which is out of keeping with the gen- gests that even NASA is conducting experi-
eral informational style of the passage. ments. Choice c reveals a faulty reading of
272. b. The passage describes the cuttlefish’s use of a the passage in which three of the chemicals
water jet to move. Choice a is incorrect because are clearly named. Choice d is incorrect because
the passage only describes cuttlefish as resem- the main idea of the passage is for the benefit
bling squid. Choice c is a true characteristic but of homeowners.
is not mentioned in the passage. Choice d is 278. b. This answer is inferred in the last line of the
incorrect because the passage never describes passage: primal qualities . . . ability to purify
cuttlefish as the most intelligent cephalopod. their environment. Choices a and c are incorrect
273. d. Choice d covers the most important ideas in the because antiquity refers to how long the species
two paragraphs. All the other choices choose has been on the planet, which has no relation-
minor details from the paragraphs as the ship to how long a life span the individual
main subjects. plants or leaves have. Choice d is incorrect. One
274. d. Choice d includes both the informational con- cannot make a general statement on how suc-
tent and light tone of the passage. Choices a and cessful the plants’ reactions are in research
b describe too scientific an aim for the content experiments when the passage only presents us
and tone. Choice c does not include the infor- with one type of research experiment.
mational content of the passage. 279. c. This title focuses on the main idea of the pas-
275. d. This answer is broad enough to support all the sage: purifying one’s home of chemical impu-
information discussed in the passage: chemicals rities by using common houseplants. Choice a
in the home, research on certain houseplants, is incorrect because only one experiment is dis-
the suggestion of the best plants for the job cussed, and no mention of the millennium is
and why. Choice a only deals with contami- made at all. Choice b is also incorrect because
nants. Choice b suggests our allergies are caused the passage only discusses one problem: impu-
by chemicals in the home, when the passage rities caused by chemicals, which is not even
suggests that we unknowingly blame our symp- labeled as a danger. Choice d is supported by
toms on allergies. Choice c suggests that the two sentences in the passage, but it is not broad
passage is only about plants in the home. enough to support all the information offered
in the passage.

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 – ANSWERS –

280. c. The passage best reflects this choice. 297. a. The Men’s and Women’s table shows this as the
281. a. The passage supports this choice only. only correct response.
282. d. According to the passage, this is the only correct 298. c. The Men’s table shows this as the only correct
choice. response.
283. c. The purpose of Egyptian pyramids was to 299. d. The Men’s and Women’s table shows this as the
house the dead forever. only correct response.
284. c. This choice is the only answer supported in 300. b. This choice is reflected in both the Men’s table
the passage. and the Men’s and Women’s table.
285. d. Hughes was influenced by jazz music. 301. d. This is the only correct choice as stated in
286. d. This choice is stated in the passage. the chart.
287. a. All other choices are not stated in the passage. 302. c. According to the chart, this is the correct choice.
303. a. This is the correct response for the yearly
average.
 SECTION 7 Reading Charts and 304. c. The correct response for this month is 7.9 inches.
Graphs, Understanding 305. d. The risk, based solely on BMI, is very high.
Directions 306. a. This range shows the only minimal health risk.
307. d. Heart rate does not appear on the chart.
288. c. A wind speed of 143 miles per hour falls 308. c. Moderate is the only choice in the second
between 113 and 157, which is the range for an column for health risk based solely on BMI.
F2 tornado, choice c. 309. a. The second sentence states that routine main-
289. b. Applying words such as mild, moderate, signif- tenance is performed by the maintenance
icant, severe, devastating, incredible, and incon- department.
ceivable to the damage done by a tornado is a 310. c. The first sentence states that workers are
means of describing the damage, therefore, the responsible for refueling at the end of each
words are descriptive, choice b. shift; this implies that vehicles are refueled at
290. b. The Voorhees fire occurred on June 7. The the end of every shift.
Cougar Run fire occurred on June 14. 311. d. The second sentence of the passage indicates
291. b. 115 acres at Burgaw Grove and 320 acres at that each driver who finishes a route will clean
Hanesboro Crossing adds up to 435 acres. a truck.
292. d. This is the only choice that is an act of nature. 312. a. The third sentence of the passage indicates that
Choice a is arson. Choices b and c are accidents. routes vary in the length of time they take to
293. c. Parkston, with 74 days, is at level three. complete. The other choices are not included in
294. a. Chase Crossing is at level four; Kings Hill is at the passage.
level two. 313. c. According to the last sentence of the passage, in
295. a. The question asks in what field the most men the past, city workers usually drove the same
are involved, not employed. The answer would truck each day.
include students, who are not necessarily 314. a. See the first sentence of the passage.
salaried workers. Therefore, combining the 315. b. The third sentence tells what drivers should do
number of students and teachers gives the if the bus is ahead of schedule. The passage does
largest number involved in education. not mention choice a or c, and the passengers’
296. b. Only two of the 200 men in the Baidya caste complaints have nothing to do with how the
are farmers. bus “runs.”

146
 – ANSWERS –

316. d. The whole passage deals with methods drivers 327. d. The passage explicitly states that once the first
should use to keep their buses from running cold pack is removed, one should wait 30 min-
ahead of schedule. utes and then reapply for another 20 minutes.
317. c. According to the passage, hazardous waste is Choice a is incorrect because it is not the next
defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection step, but the third. Both choices a and b bypass
Agency (EPA). the reapplication of the cold pack. Choice c has
318. d. The directions imply that Harris should call the timing of the packs reversed.
the supervisor. 328. c. This is implied in the sentence, bleeding, hence
319. d. See paragraph 1. (Paragraphs 2 and 3 make it bruising . . . , demonstrating a clear relationship
clear that the Vehicle Maneuvering Training between bleeding and the “black-and-blue” of
Buses are simulators.) the question. Choice a is not a direct cause of
320. a. See the second sentence of paragraph 2. the bruising; again, blood is. Choice b is incor-
321. b. See the last sentence of the fourth paragraph. rect because the passage states that wrapping
322. c. Virtually, the whole passage deals with F.A.S.T. the bandage too tightly will interfere with cir-
membership requirements. The other choices culation to the foot, which is the opposite of the
are too narrow to be main ideas. condition needed for bruising. Choice d is irrel-
323. a. See the first paragraph. evant to the passage.
324. c. The specific focus of this passage is stated in the
first sentence. It introduces the topic of the
sprained ankle. Choice a is only one detail of  SECTION 8 Analyzing and
the passage; the entire passage does not describe Interpreting Poems
sprains. Choice b is incorrect because there are
only two sentences that deal with bandaging, 329. b. The eagle, who watches from his mountain walls
and they only mention ankle sprains. Choice d and falls like a thunderbolt, is depicted as too
also focuses on only one detail of the passage. alert and dynamic to be dying (choice a). There
325. d. This is explicitly stated in the fourth sentence of is really no joy depicted in the poem nor any
paragraph 1. Choice a is not supported by the sense that this is a baby eagle (choice c), and
passage, because enlarged blood vessels are not there is no mention of baby birds the eagle
discussed. Choice b is not the cause of a sprain. might be watching over (choice d). Saying that
This was an explanation of the danger of keep- the eagle watches and then falls like a thunder-
ing an ice pack on the wound for too long. bolt implies alertness and then striking, respec-
Choice c confuses two details: The ball of the tively. The most logical choice is that the eagle
foot is used as the starting point for wrapping is hunting.
the bandage, tissue is not mentioned, and torn 330. b. The word azure means blue and is often used to
describes damage to the ligament. describe the sky. Neither a forest nor cliffs are
326. c. Choices a, b, and d are all clearly stated in the azure (choices a and c), and nature is not men-
passage as warnings. Only c is not supported tioned as an entity in the poem (choice d).
by the passage. Ankle and fire appear in the 331. a. It is the wrinkled sea that crawls in the first line
same sentence, but only to describe the pain of of the second stanza of the poem.
the injury. 332. b. The fellow frightens the speaker—a, c, and d are
not frightening.

147
 – ANSWERS –

333. a. Tighter breathing indicates fear, as does zero at knew no haste. Also it includes the idea that the
the bone (one is sometimes said to be cold with speaker put away . . . labour and leisure, too, for
fear). Also, the subject is a snake, which is gen- his civility. This supports the image of Death as
erally a feared animal. gentle, timeless, and leaving of life’s cares behind.
334. c. In context, the speaker is discussing animals, Choice a is a violent image of Death that is not
because he follows with his contrasting atti- supported by the poem, that is, the image of a
tude toward this fellow, meaning the snake. The kidnapper. Choice b is not an idea presented by
other choices are all human beings. the poem, but rather one the reader may hold
335. b. Stanza 3 contains the phrase when a boy imply- of Death’s journey. Choice d is not broad
ing the speaker was a boy in the past and is enough to support all the ideas of Death that
now, therefore, an adult man. are presented in the poem; it just refers to the
336. b. The poem describes nature in terms of the last line.
murder of a happy flower, and includes the 341. b. The meaning of the word can be derived from
words beheads and assassin; therefore, the most the context of the line. Because he is driving
logical description of the poet’s attitude would slowly, Death knows no haste. This is a matter of
not be delight, indifference, or reverence, but opposites. None of the other choices are the
rather dismay. opposite of slowly.
337. c. The flower in the poem is happy and feels no 342. c. The swelling of the ground . . . the roof scarcely
surprise that it must die, which implies accep- visible . . . [the cornice] but a mound. All of these
tance. If there is any hint of fear or horror in the are descriptive of a grave with its gravestone.
poem (choices a and b), it is on the part of the Choice a presents the idea of blurring the
poet. Nothing in the poem is described as feel- worlds of life and death. This is not supported,
ing reverence (choice d). even with the line that says the roof was scarcely
338. c. A God who would approve of a happy flower visible. This does not mean it was blurred.
being beheaded, while, apparently, the rest of Choice b is incorrect for the same reason that
the natural world (as exemplified by the sun) a was. Choice d is incorrect because the speaker
remains unmoved, is probably not to be is already dead when she sees the mound as
regarded as benevolent or just (choices a and anyone would have to be before he could view
b). Approval does not connote anger (choice d). his grave.
The most logical choice is that, in this poem, 343. a. Death is a pleasant companion; the speaker
God is cruel (choice c). only describes it in positive, gentle terms.
339. b. Line 2 of stanza 1 states that Death kindly Choice b is incorrect because an intruder,
stopped for the speaker. Therefore, Death is pre- someone to be feared, would come from out-
sented as a kindly gentleman. Choice a is incor- side. Neither is the case in this poem. Choices c
rect because indifferent would suggest that and d are not supported in the poem.
Death did not acknowledge the speaker. Choice 344. d. The poet uses merely to simply make a state-
c is incorrect because the poem does not relate ment with no emotion attached to it. Therefore,
that the character, Death, is an immortal god. the other answers are all incorrect as anger,
Choice d (none of the above) is incorrect amusement, and sorrow are emotions.
because b is the correct answer. 345. a. The soldier’s behavior is aggressive: cursing,
340. c. This choice fits the kindness of Death, as stated jealous of others who receive honor, quick to
by the speaker, as well as the fact that Death fight. The lines do not reveal a sense of honor,

148
 – ANSWERS –

but rather the soldier’s dishonorable behavior. the Bottom has such a personage. Sula may be
There is no mention of dedication, nor any- a victim (choice d), but a community does not
thing to suggest a fear of cowardice. necessarily project evil onto a victim or an out-
346. c. The poem begins by stating the “world is a cast the way they do onto a scapegoat, so choice
stage” and that we are “merely players.” There is a is still the best answer.
no emotion attached to the exits and entrances 350. d. The passage says that people who live in the
of man in the poet’s tone, thus there is no need Bottom are apt to go awry, to break from their
for anguish or sorrow. Choice a is eliminated by prescribed boundaries. A person who is eccentric
the descriptions of the lover and the justice; is quirky or odd. Nowhere in the passage is it
there is no misery attached to them. Choice b implied that the people are furtive, suspicious,
discusses a metaphor of life as a journey down or unkempt (choices a, b, and c).
a river, and choice d states that life is a comedy. 351. d. It is logical that a play would close after such a
Neither of these choices can be supported by bad first-night reception, and the sentence in
the passage. choice d also uses a metaphor about stage his-
347. b. This is supported by the Last scene of all in tory, which is extended in the next sentence.
which Shakespeare suggests that old age is a Choices a, b, and c do not fit the sense or syn-
second childhood that will lead to oblivion tax of the paragraph, because the however in the
without control of the senses, like the infant in next sentence contradicts them.
the first act. Man has come full circle back to his 352. d. The first line of the passage describes the
beginning. No fear of death is mentioned, nor English language premiere of the play, indi-
is free will, so choices a and d are incorrect. cating it had previous performances in a
Choice c is incorrect because man is used as the different language.
subject of the entries, but never presented as a 353. a. Although the other choices are sometimes
gender-specific measure. connotations of the term avant-garde, the
348. d. The poet accomplishes all three. It softens the author’s meaning of innovative is supported
effect of both suggestions that we are only by the final judgment of the passage on the
actors on the world’s stage, and that the sev- play as revolutionary.
enth age of man results in oblivion. It ties his 354. d. Although the writer seems amused by the neg-
theme together by carrying us from the first ative criticisms of the play, she does give the
stage to the last and then back again, and the opinion that it was revolutionary (a word that
words convey his tone of indifference, as literally means “a turning point”). Choice a
discussed above. underplays and choice b overestimates the
importance of the work to the author of the
passage. Choice c is contradicted by the last
 SECTION 9 Philosophy sentence of the passage.
and Literature 355. a. The paragraph describes only the similarity
between the hero’s journey and the poet’s. The
349. a. A scapegoat is one who is forced to bear the other choices are not reflected in the passage.
blame for others or upon which the sins of a 356. d. The first sentence of the passage describes
community are heaped. Choices b and c are Campbell’s hero as archetypal. An archetype is
wrong because nowhere in the passage is it a personage or pattern that occurs in litera-
implied that Sula is a hero or leader, or even that ture and human thought often enough to be

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considered universal. Also, in the second sen-  SECTION 10 Longer Passages

tence, the author of the passage mentions the
collective unconscious of all humankind. The 365. b. Choice b includes the main points of the selec-
faces in the title belong to the hero, not to vil- tion and is not too broad. Choice a features
lagers, countries, or languages (choices a, b, minor points from the selection. Choice c also
and c). features minor points, with the addition of
357. a. The passage states that the hero’s tale will “History of the National Park System,” which is
enlighten his fellows, but that it will also be not included in the selection. Choice d lists
dangerous. Such a story would surely be radi- points that are not discussed in the selection.
cally mind altering. Choice b is directly con- 366. d. Choice d expresses the main idea of paragraph
tradicted in the passage. If the hero’s tale would 4 of the selection. The information in choices a,
terrify people to no good end, it could not pos- b, and c is not expressed in paragraph 4.
sibly be enlightening. There is nothing in the 367. a. Choice a is correct, according to the second
passage to imply that the tale is a warning of sentence in paragraph 2. Choices b and c are
catastrophe or a dangerous lie (choices c and d). mentioned in the selection, but not as causing
358. b. The definition of the word boon is blessing. the islands. Choice d is not mentioned in
What the hero brings back may be a kind of gift, the selection.
charm, or prize (choices a, c, and d), but those 368. c. Paragraph 4 discusses the visitors to Acadia
words do not necessarily connote blessing or National Park, therefore, choice c is correct.
enlightenment. Choices a, b, and d are not mentioned in
359. c. The word awe implies mingled reverence, the selection.
dread, and wonder, so the adjective awesome is 369. a. The first sentence, paragraph 3 states that the
the best of all the choices to describe a place that length of the Maine coastline is 2,500 miles.
is dangerous and full of wonders (second sen- Paragraph 1 states that a straight-line distance
tence of the second paragraph). Choices a and between the northernmost and southernmost
b both describe a part of the hero’s journey but coastal cities—not the length of the coastline—
neither describes the whole of it. Choice d is is 225 miles, so c is incorrect. Choices b and d
incorrect because the hero’s journey is are also incorrect.
described in very serious terms, not in whim- 370. a. This is the best choice because each paragraph
sical (playful or fanciful) terms at all. of the passage describes an inventor whose
360. d. The last sentence in the passage says that the machine was a step toward the modern bicycle.
kingdom of the unconscious mind goes down There is no evidence to support choice b.
into unsuspected Aladdin caves. The story of Choices c and d are incorrect because they both
Aladdin is a fairy tale (choice b), but neither this make statements that, according to the passage,
nor the other choices are in the passage. are untrue.
361. d. The tone of the passage is one of anticipation 371. d. The fourth paragraph states that James Starley
and excitement. added a gear to the pedals.
362. b. A stagecoach rider is narrating the story. 372. d. The passage gives the history of the bicycle.
363. a. All the statements can be supported in the pas- Choice a is incorrect because few opinions are
sage except this choice. included in the passage. There is no support for
364. c. The passage reflects all of the choices except choices b and c.
this one.

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373. b. This information is clearly stated in the sec- 381. b. This is stated in the first sentence of the second
ond paragraph. The iron rims kept the tires paragraph. Choices a and c are symptoms of
from getting worn down, and, therefore, the heat stroke. Choice d is not mentioned.
tires lasted longer. Choice a is incorrect because 382. a. Heat stroke victims have a blocked sweating
although the iron rims probably did make the mechanism, as stated in the third paragraph.
machine heavier, that was not Macmillan’s goal. 383. b. This information is given in the second para-
Choice c is incorrect because no information is graph: If the victim still suffers from the symp-
given about whether iron-rimmed or wooden toms listed in the first sentence of the paragraph,
tires moved more smoothly. There is no sup- the victim needs more water and salt to help with
port for choice d. the inadequate intake of water and the loss of flu-
374. b. Based on the paragraph, this is the only possi- ids that caused those symptoms.
ble choice. Starley revolutionized the bicycle; 384. d. Many asthma sufferers have an inherited ten-
that is, he made many innovative changes. dency to have allergies, referred to as atopy in
Based on the context, the other choices make no the third paragraph.
sense. 385. b. The fourth sentence of the second paragraph
375. a. This is the only choice that states an opinion. explains that during an attack the person
The writer cannot be certain that the safety afflicted with asthma will compensate for con-
bicycle would look familiar to today’s cyclists; it stricted airways by breathing a greater volume
is his or her opinion that this is so. The other of air.
choices are presented as facts. 386. c. The first sentence of the passage begins, No
376. d. The first two sentences of the passage indicate longer, indicating that in the past asthma was
that a backdraft is dangerous because it is an considered an anomalous inflammation of the
explosion. The other choices are dangers, but bronchi. Now asthma is considered a chronic
they do not define a backdraft. condition of the lungs.
377. b. The second paragraph indicates that there is lit- 387. b. An exacerbation is usually defined as an aggra-
tle or no visible flame with a potential back- vation of symptoms or increase in the severity of
draft. The other choices are listed at the end of a disease. However, in this passage, exacerba-
the second paragraph as warning signs of a tions is interchangeable with asthma attacks.
potential backdraft. 388. a. Although cramping may occur during asthma
378. c. This is stated in the last paragraph. Choice a is attacks, it is not mentioned in the passage. See
not mentioned in the passage. The other the bottom half of the second paragraph for a
choices would be useless or harmful. full explanation of the morphological effects of
379. a. The passage indicates that hot, smoldering fires an attack.
have little or no visible flame and insufficient 389. d. The third paragraph discusses triggers in
oxygen. It can reasonably be inferred, then, that detail. Although using a fan in the summer
more oxygen would produce more visible months sounds good, an air conditioner is
flames. recommended when the pollen count is high.
380. d. This is stated in the last paragraph (. . . first aid Family pets and cigarette smoke are all dis-
measures should be directed at quickly cooling the tinctly inflammatory to asthma sufferers.
body). The other responses are first aid for heat Only physical activity is touted as a possible
exhaustion victims. symptom reducer.

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390. a. Because asthma symptoms vary throughout 400. b. As stated in the opening sentence of the fourth
the day, relying on the presence of an attack or paragraph, bulimia patients may exercise
even just on the presence of a respiratory ail- obsessively.
ment to diagnose asthma is flawed logic. 401. d. See the second sentence of the sixth paragraph.
391. b. All the individuals listed would glean a certain If as many as one-third of the binge-eating dis-
amount of knowledge from the passage; how- order population are men, it stands to reason
ever, a healthcare professional would find the that up to two-thirds are younger women, given
broad overview of the effects of asthma, com- that we have learned that about 90% of all eat-
bined with the trigger avoidance and diagnosis ing disorder sufferers are adolescent and young
information, most relevant. A research scientist adult women.
would likely have all this information already. 402. c. The tone of the passage is enthusiastic in its rec-
A mother with an asthmatic child would prob- ommendation of the greyhound as pet and,
ably not be interested in the diagnosis protocol. thereby, encourages people to adopt one. It
The antismoking activist probably would not does not give advice on transforming a grey-
find enough fodder in this article. hound (choice a). Except to say that they love to
392. d. According to the last part of the third para- run, the passage does not spend equal time on
graph, second-hand smoke can increase the describing the greyhound as racer (choice b).
risk of allergic sensitization in children. The author’s tone is not objective (choice d),
393. b. See the third paragraph: “One in ten” (10% of) but rather enthusiastic.
cases of anorexia end in death. 403. d. See the last paragraph. The passage does not
394. a. See the second and third paragraphs for refer- mention b or c. Choice a is clearly wrong; the
ence to heart problems with anorexia, the passage states the opposite.
fourth and fifth paragraphs for discussion of 404. a. See the first paragraph. Choices b, c, and d are
heart problems with bulimia, and the last para- not touched on in the passage.
graph, where heart disease is mentioned, as a 405. d. See the last paragraph. Choices a, b, and c are
risk in obese people who suffer from binge- contradicted in the passage.
eating disorder. 406. d. The enthusiastic tone of the passage seems
395. c. Near the end of the last paragraph, the passage meant to encourage people to adopt retired
indicates that binge-eating disorder patients greyhounds. Choice a is wrong because there is
experience high blood pressure. only one statistic in the passage (in the first
396. d. It is the other way around: 50% of people with sentence), and it is not used to prove the point
anorexia develop bulimia, as stated near the that greyhounds make good pets. Choice b is
end of the fifth paragraph. wrong because the author substantiates every
397. b. The first sentence of the fifth paragraph tells us point with information. Choice c is wrong
that bulimia sufferers are often able to keep because the passage does make the negative
their problem a secret, partly because they point that greyhounds do not make good
maintain a normal or above-normal weight. watchdogs.
398. c. In the second paragraph, the thyroid gland 407. b. See the end of the next to last sentence in the
function is mentioned as slowing down—one passage. Choices a, c, and d are not to be found
effort on the part of the body to protect itself. in the passage.
399. a. According to the second paragraph, dehydra- 408. b. This is stated explicitly in the second sentence
tion contributes to constipation. of the passage. Choice a is incorrect because

152
 – ANSWERS –

only bad eris was defined as violent. Choice c rect because they obviously were not impover-
deals with problems that belong in the domain ished. Choice b is incorrect because the wife
of mankind, not the universe. Choice d has no had a maid. Choice d is incorrect because this
support in the passage. was the life the wife wanted to have, but instead
409. a. Again, this is a definition explicitly stated in had shabby walls, worn furniture etc.
the sixth sentence. Choice b is incorrect 415. d. This question relates to the previous one. This
because a choice dealing with mankind alone choice presents the fact that the wife had a
is too narrow for a definition of eris, which maid. Choice a does not deal with the couple’s
deals with the entire universe. Choice c is economic standing, but only the wife’s before
incorrect because it only deals with one action she was married. Choice b is tempting, but the
of the personified concept in goddess form. poverty of her rooms is more in her eyes than
Choice d has no support. a truthful economic indicator. How poverty
410. d. This is stated in the third sentence of paragraph stricken can she be if she has a maid? Choice c
2. Zeus did not want to sire [father] a child who deals with a tablecloth that has been used three
could eventually overthrow him. According to days in a row. It has nothing to do with eco-
the passage, he felt it was safer to arrange for the nomic standing because it could have been
child’s father to be a mortal. There is no support washed by the maid or the wife, and the situa-
in the passage for any of the other choices. tion would have been remedied.
411. c. This answer follows the logic of the previous 416. a. It is obvious from the description of the wife’s
answer. A mortal child could never challenge the thoughts in the first paragraph that she wished
gods implies that Zeus feared that if the child she had married a rich man. Instead, she
were immortal, it would overthrow him. The slipped into marriage with a minor civil ser-
other choices mention individual words that vant. The woman is ashamed of her marriage
appear in the passage but have no support. and of her husband’s occupation to the point
412. b. The second to the last line in paragraph 2 tells of making it sound like an accident, as one
us that Achilles was the son of Thetis and Peleus, may slip on a wet floor. Choices b, c, and d are
and that the war will result in his death. Choice incorrect because the wife loving anything
a is incorrect because there is no other mention other than expensive things is never mentioned
of Zeus or events in the Trojan War other than in the passage.
Achilles’ death. Choice c is incorrect because 417. b. The husband’s delight with the homemade stew
Eris purposely created the conditions that only seems to send his wife into another bout of
would lead to the war to kill the child of the daydreams to escape her middle-class prison.
bride and groom. Choice d is incorrect because Choice a is blatantly incorrect, because the hus-
Achilles is the son of Thetis and Peleus, the band obviously enjoys homemade beef stew
bride and groom of the myth. while the wife dreams of wings of grouse.
413. c. This lesson is discussed explicitly in paragraph Choice c is incorrect because the husband is
3. All other choices are irrelevant. either unaware of his wife’s anguish or doesn’t
414. c. The husband had a civil servant’s job and let it affect his delight in his dinner. Choice d is
received a steady salary; the wife had a servant irrelevant to the passage.
who cleaned for her. The couple lived in a 418. d. This is reinforced by the last two sentences of
dwelling that had several rooms. This implies the passage. The wife admits she only loves rich
that they lived comfortably. Choice a is incor- things, believes she was made for them, and

153
 – ANSWERS –

focuses all her desires on being admired and 424. d. This answer can be found in paragraph 4. A
sought after, thinking only of herself at all team of surgeons stands ready to perform
times. Choice a is incorrect because the author bypass surgery even though the risk factor of
paints a negative picture of the wife. Although death is only 2%. Choice a is not supported in
choice b is tempting, the author does not the passage. Choices c and d are incorrect
develop the husband enough for him to because the passage does not discuss patient
become the focus of the passage. Choice c is reaction at all.
incorrect because it is not developed in the pas- 425. a. This choice is supported in the last sentence of
sage. The focus is on the wife, not on class dis- paragraph 3. Choice b is incorrect: The risk
tinctions in general. factor is 2%. Choice c is a complete misunder-
419. a. Adjectives are the words that describe nouns. standing of the text. Inflating a balloon into a
These are the words that truly add dimension to blocked artery is coronary balloon angioplasty.
the descriptions of the home and the day- Because two answers are incorrect, d is not a
dreams of the wife. Innate, instinctive, grandest, viable choice.
gorgeous, gleaming, and pink are some of the 426. d. Choices b and c, meaning scattered and
adjectives that enrich the nouns of the wife’s erratic respectively, are not supported in the
dreams. Shabby, worn, ugly, and homemade are passage. Choice a may be considered a syn-
adjectives that add to the undesirable view she onym, but it is not the best choice. The best
has of her present situation. None of the other choice is d, requisite.
choices add such richness to the passage. 427. b. Paragraph 2 of the passage clearly states that
420. b. This answer is explicitly stated in the first sen- Benjamin Franklin first considered the concept
tence of the selection. Choices a and d are not of DST.
mentioned as a result of plaque-laden arteries. 428. b. Paragraph 3 states that the bill (which was
Choice c is too general to be the best answer. introduced by Sir Robert Pearce in 1909) met
421. c. This answer is explicitly stated in the sixth sen- with great opposition, mostly from farmers.
tence of paragraph 1. Choice a only names one 429. d. This choice is directly supported by paragraph 5.
medical instrument used during the procedure. 430. a. Choices b and c are incorrect because they each
Choice b offers the reason for the angioplasty, refer to specific points raised in the passage,
because it is done to compress the plaque in an but not throughout the passage. Choice d is
artery. Choice d offers a procedure that would too broad to represent the best title. Only choice
be chosen as an alternative to angioplasty. a describes the point of the entire passage.
422. a. The first and second sentences of paragraph 2 431. c. Paragraph 5 clearly states that during the oil
state how both procedures, angioplasty and embargo and energy crisis of the 1970s, Presi-
bypass surgery, are invasive because “both dent Richard Nixon extended DST through the
involve entering the body cavity.” None of the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 to
other choices are supported or implied as a def- conserve energy further.
inition for invasive. 432. b. This is an inference question. The writer indi-
423. c. The procedure is detailed in paragraph 3. It cates that visitors to Hershey’s Chocolate
begins with injecting a special dye. Choices a World are greeted by a giant Reeses Peanut
and b follow later in the procedure, whereas Butter Cup, so it is logical to assume that
choice d deals with bypass surgery rather than these are manufactured by Hershey. Although
the angioplasty procedure. the writer mentions the popularity of choco-

154
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late internationally, you cannot assume that it early life described; it is also a word that pro-
is popular in every country (choice a), nor is vides a contrast to the mention of Milton’s
there any indication that Milton Hershey was later popularity.
the first person to manufacture chocolate in 438. d. The second sentence of paragraph 1 states that
the United States (choice c). Choice d is not probes record responses. Paragraph 2 says that
discussed in the passage at all. electrodes accumulate much data.
433. d. This question tests your ability to use context 439. c. The tone throughout the passage suggests the
clues to determine the intended meaning of a potential for microprobes. They can be perma-
word. In paragraph 3, the passage says, The nently implanted, they have advantages over
Hershey Chocolate company was born in 1894 electrodes, they are promising candidates for
as a subsidiary of the Lancaster Caramel Com- neural prostheses, they will have great accu-
pany. This indicates that a subsidiary is one racy, and they are flexible.
controlled by another company, choice d. 440. d. According to the third paragraph, people who
Although it may be true that Milton Hershey lack biochemicals could receive doses via pros-
owned each company in its entirety (choice theses. However, there is no suggestion that
a), that is not clear from the material. There removing biochemicals would be viable.
is also no indication that the chocolate com- 441. a. The first sentence of the third paragraph says
pany was created to support the caramel that microprobes have channels that open the
company (choice b). Finally, the passage con- way for delivery of drugs. Studying the brain
tains no discussion of whether or not any of (choice d) is not the initial function of chan-
Hershey’s companies were incorporated nels, though it is one of the uses of the probes
(choice c). themselves.
434. a. Choice a is the best choice because it is the 442. b. Throughout, the passage compares and con-
most complete statement of the material. trasts the various methods of medical waste
Choices c and d focus on small details of the disposal.
passage; choice b is not discussed in the passage. 443. d. See the last sentence of paragraph 3. Com-
435. b. Paragraph 3 states that Hershey sold the caramel paction may well reduce transportation costs
company six years after the founding of the (choice a) according to paragraph 3. That it
chocolate company. The chocolate company reduces the volume of waste (choice b) is an
was founded in 1894; the correct choice is b. advantage, not a disadvantage. Compaction is
436. c. The Chicago International Exposition was not designed to eliminate organic matter, so
where Hershey saw a demonstration of German confirming that it has been eliminated (choice
chocolate-making techniques, which indicates, c) is not an issue.
along with the word international in its title, 444. a. See the last sentence of paragraph 5, which
that the exposition contained displays from a states that incineration is . . . the preferred
variety of countries, choice c. None of the other method for on-site treatment.
choices can be inferred from the information in 445. b. See the last sentence of paragraph 6, which
the passage. points out that steam sterilization does not
437. b. There is nothing inherently dramatic, undigni- change the appearance of the waste, thus per-
fied, or rewarding discussed in paragraph 1. haps raising questions at a landfill.
Modest is the word that best fits being born in 446. c. Paragraph 4 states that liquid is separated from
a small village and having the unremarkable pulp in the hydropulping process. Paragraph 6

155
 – ANSWERS –

says that liquid may form during the steriliza- 454. a. The passage is primarily an account that
tion process. describes the causative factors (for example,
447. a. This response relies on an understanding of tariff and war-debt policies, disproportionate
pathological wastes, which are wastes gener- wealth, and the accumulation of debt) that led
ated by infectious materials. Paragraph 7 to the Depression and its effects (for example,
points out that incineration is especially business failures, bank closings, homelessness,
appropriate for pathological wastes. Previously, federal relief programs).
paragraph 6 had said that steam sterilization is 455. c. Paragraph 1 states that shantytowns were called
appropriate for substances contaminated with Hoovervilles because citizens blamed their
infectious organisms. plight on the Hoover administration’s refusal to
448. d. The second paragraph says that the main risk of offer assistance.
pushing carts is potential exposure from torn 456. b. Although policies can refer to regulations or
bags but that automated carts can reduce that laws (choice c) or guiding principles or theories
potential. (choice a), in this context, policies refers to the
449. b. See the next to last sentence of paragraph 4. courses of action that are taken, from which a
Sterilization does not change the appearance of government or business intends to influence
waste. Although compacting does change the decisions or actions. Choice b is the only answer
volume of the waste, it is not appropriate for that implies action.
eliminating hazardous materials. 457. d. The passage describes the decade as one in
450. d. See the second sentence of paragraph 2: which spending dominated over prudent mea-
. . . there is some risk of exhausting contami- sures like saving (paragraph 3). The wild stock
nants into hallways, meaning waste might be market speculation, also described in that para-
discharged. graph, is another example of extravagance.
451. b. See the last sentence of the passage, which states 458. b. The analogy depicts the stock market crash of
that the costs have been prohibitive for smaller 1929 as a weakening agent to the economy (the
units when using rotary kilns. way a stressful event may weaken the body’s
452. c. Although the contaminants may sometimes be resistance to illness).
extremely toxic (choice a), the word fugitive 459. d. This paragraph clearly states that the New Deal
here is the key to the meaning. The words fugi- expanded the role of the central government in
tive emissions are used in the context of the dis- regulating the economy and creating social
posal process of hydropulping. To be a fugitive assistance programs. Choices b and c are incor-
means to run away or to escape, so the logical rect and choice a requires an opinion; the
choice, given this context, is choice c. There is author does not offer his or her viewpoint
nothing anywhere in the passage about crimi- about the New Deal measures.
nal activity, so choice b is not a likely answer. 460. a. Choice b emphasizes only damage to the
Choice d is wrong because the microbiological atmosphere; the passage encompasses more
testing of which the passage speaks pertains to than that. Choice c does not mention the
ensuring that all waste is disposed of. atmosphere, which is the main focus of the
453. c. According to the paragraph 2, Deep, underlying passage. Choice d is too narrow—the final para-
fissures that already existed in the economy led to graph of the passage emphasizes that the cir-
the Great Depression. culation of the atmosphere is but one example
of the complex events that keeps the earth alive.

156
 – ANSWERS –

461. c. This question assesses the ability to see the be attributed to other causes. Left untreated,
organization of a reading passage and to orga- diabetes can cause damage to several major
nize material for study purposes. Choice a is organs in the body.
wrong because the passage does not explain 467. b. According to the beginning of paragraph 2,
exactly what will happen as a result of damage only the long-term health problems are the
to the atmosphere and other life-sustaining same for these two different disorders.
mechanisms. Choice b is wrong because the 468. d. Paragraph 2 mentions that when the body has
passage does not explain the origin of the more glucose than needed, it stores the overflow
atmosphere. Choice d is wrong because it is in muscle tissue, fat, or the liver.
solar energy that travels 93 million miles 469. c. According to the last paragraph, non-insulin-
through space, not the atmosphere. dependent diabetics should stick to a diet
462. b. The biosphere, as defined in paragraph 1, is a consisting of 50–60% carbohydrates. The para-
region (or part) of the earth; it is not the enve- graph also notes that raw foods do not cause as
lope around the earth, the living things on high a blood sugar level as cooked foods.
Earth, or the circulation of the atmosphere 470. a. Paragraph 4 mentions that, although insulin
(choices a, c, and d). must bind to a receptor in order to begin work-
463. d. This question assesses the ability to recognize ing, the main role of insulin is to signal the
supported and unsupported claims. Choice a burning of glucose/sugar for energy. Most hor-
deals with solar radiation, not with circulation mones function as stimuli for other processes.
of the atmosphere. Choice b is an assertion 471. b. Type II, or non-insulin-dependent, diabetes is
without specific supporting detail. Choice c the main subject of the passage, which distin-
describes how the atmosphere protects Earth guishes Type II from Type I and goes on to
but does not speak of the circulation of the stress the importance of diet.
atmosphere. Only choice d explains that con- 472. d. Paragraph 4 of the passage tells us that possible
ditions would be inhospitable at the equator problems with insulin receptors include a
and poles without the circulation of the atmos- paucity of receptors or a defect causing
phere; therefore, it is the best choice. improper binding of the insulin to the recep-
464. a. This question assesses the ability to see cause tors. In addition, even though insulin may bind
and effect. Paragraph 2 deals with how varia- to its receptors, cells may fail to read the signal
tions in the strength with which solar radiation to metabolize the glucose.
strikes the earth affects temperature. None of 473. c. Paragraph 2 states that normally, after the diges-
the other choices is discussed in terms of all tive system breaks down food into smaller mol-
temperature changes on Earth. ecules, including glucose (otherwise known as
465. a. There is no mention in the first paragraph of sugar), the blood-sugar level rises. Insulin is
any reviving or cleansing effect the atmosphere then released from the pancreas, thus signaling
may have (choices b and d). In a sense, enabling tissues to metabolize the glucose.
the earth to sustain life is invigorating; however, 474. c. Type I diabetes is the insulin-dependent form
choice a is a better choice because the first two of this condition. The minority of diabetics are
sentences talk about how the atmosphere pro- afflicted with this form. They are diagnosed as
tects the earth from harmful forces. children and must take daily injections of
466. b. Paragraph 1 mentions that the symptoms of insulin to compensate for what their pancreases
Type II diabetes may occur gradually and thus do not produce.

157
 – ANSWERS –

475. a. The final paragraph says that there is no cure especially in light of the second sentence. There
for diabetes, so choices b and d are incorrect. is no mention of confusion in the passage
Choice c is a possibility, but consider the sound (choice b). The word perplexity means bewil-
of the word soothe. It does not fit with the objec- derment and is unrelated to the passage (choice
tive tone of the passage nearly as well as the c). Choice d is a newspaper and TV term that is
word counteract. unrelated to the passage.
476. c. In the first paragraph, the communication 484. b. The crow is using the stick as a tool to assist it
network of the millions of cells in the immune in getting food.
system is compared to bees swarming around 485. a. In the first paragraph, upsurge (a swelling of the
a hive. ocean) is used as an analogy to illustrate the
477. b. All the answers indicate peaceful coexistence. large and increasing amount of research in ani-
However, according to the fifth sentence of mal intelligence.
paragraph 2, in this instance, the state is referred 486. c. The questions in this paragraph ask the reader to
to as self-tolerance. consider the use of animals in our world and
478. c. See the last paragraph. The substances known questions whether knowing that they have more
as allergens are responsible for triggering an intelligence than previously thought might
inappropriate immune response to ragweed make a difference in human treatment of them.
pollen. 487. d. This choice is the only one that shows animals
479. d. The last paragraph of the passage mentions using human language.
that an antigen announces its foreignness with 488 c. Although each conclusion is an example of
intricate shapes called epitopes that protrude some intelligence, the most accurate conclu-
from the surface. sion the reader should make is that this action
480. a. Every individual’s immune system must learn shows high intelligence. The complexity of
to recognize and deal with non-self molecules what the chimpanzee is doing to get his food
through experience. However, the last section of and the many thinking activities he must
paragraph 2 mentions that the immune sys- accomplish in order to realize his goal of get-
tem is capable of choices b, c, and d. ting the termites—learning a new skill, select-
481. b. According to paragraph 2, the ability to distin- ing and shaping a tool, remembering stored
guish between self and non-self is the heart of knowledge, using the correct knowledge in
the immune system. This topic is set up in the order to take proper action for the situation—
first paragraph and further elucidated through- shows intelligence.
out the body of the passage. 489. b. Cuing does not demonstrate animal intelli-
482. b. The last paragraph mentions that tissues or gence because the animal learns to do or not to
cells from another individual may act as anti- do certain things by following outside signals.
gens except in the case of identical twins whose 490. d. One of the hazards of living in a city near a glac-
cells carry identical self-markers. ier is the possibility that lakes forming on top of
483. a. The context leads to the meaning: The first sen- the glacier may flood the city. Although the
tence speaks of complexity, from which we can other answers are all true statements, none
infer an elaborate system of interconnections, describe negative effects.

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 – ANSWERS –

491. a. This passage states that although most glaciers 496. b. Although all choices are true statements, only b
are in remote regions, some are nearby. The states the main idea.
reader needs to understand that the transitional 497. d. Statements a, b, and c appear in the passage; this
word however indicates that the word remote statement does not.
means the opposite of near. 498. b. The passage only gives evidence that supports
492. c. The passage states that glaciers can be found on this answer.
nearly every continent. 499. d. This is the best definition that describes
493. b. This is the only choice reflected in the passage. Anthony’s efforts.
494. b. This choice is the only one that can be con- 500. c. Although each statement is true, her greatest
cluded from the passage. and lasting achievement was that her efforts
495. a. Many examples in the last paragraph suggest led to the establishment of the nineteenth
the large potential of untapped electrical power amendment.
that may be harnessed from glacial water 501. b. This is the only choice that the passage
in the future with further research. supports.

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