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Instrumentation Context/Background Structure

• African forces: kora, talking drum • Afro Celt Sound System formed in 1995 • verse form
• Celtic forces: hurdy-gurdy, uilleann • Music = fusion of African, Celtic and - intro, solos, breaks and an outro.
pipes, bodhrán, fiddle, whistle, accordion electronic dance music. They were signed • No choruses in this piece and the piece
• Western (dance) forces: male vox, to Peter Gabriel’s (former front man for contains three verses.
female vox, synthesisers (including string Genesis)
pad, soft pad, bells, string bass), breath • Performed at World Music festivals Intro, V1, Small link/break, V2, link/
samples, drum machine, electric piano, including WOMAD.
First album, Volume 1: Sound Magic (1996)
break, Solos (uilleann pipes, low whistle,
shaker and tambourine. •
• Looping technique used! • After the death of a core member of the hurdy-gurdy), V3, Build, Outro
• Playing techniques include: glissando, group (Jo Bruce, son of Cream bass player
ornamentation, double stopping, open Jack Bruce), the album Volume 2: Release
and closed hi-hat. was put on hold until Sinéad O’Connor
stepped in and wrote the lyrics to a track
that became ‘Release’.
Melody •

Volume 2: Release (1999)
In 2000 Afro Celt Sound System was
• Use of ‘nonsense lyrics’/vocalisation nominated for a Grammy Award in the Best
• Main verse is syllabic World Music category.
• Some spoken parts
• Short phrases
• Limited note range (6th) Texture
• Use of Vocal samples • Constantly changing as loops enter. Loops are
• Repetitive a key part of this piece
• Sense of improvisation from opening • Use of layering
female vocals • Main texture is homophonic / or melody
• Use of glissando (sliding) dominated homophony
• Use of ornamentation (acciaccatura) • Heterophonic texture (during outro)
• Use of double stopping (violin) • Some Polyphonic texture moments
• Use of reverb (echo) is very obvious for throughout as well.
the whole track.

Rhythm/Tempo/Metre
Harmony and Tonality • Free time at the start
• Diatonic • Steady tempo established at 50″ – 100 bpm
• Key of C minor • Simple quadruple metre - 4/4
• Modal - Aeolian mode (a little bit of • Slightly swung quavers (gives a lilting/relaxed
Dorian too) quality to the music)
• Chord sequences are repetitive • Syncopation and triplets/sextuplets
• Some ascending chromatic moments in • Accents
the ensemble towards the end of each • Rhythmic ostinato in Bodhran
verse • Use of loops
• Use of extended chords (7th, 9th) • Use of riffs Afro Celt Sound
• Use of drone (on C - the tonic) • Short rhythmic phrases
System: ‘Release’

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