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New orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos. A – Cheirostylis spathulata J.J. Sm. (N.T. Hiep et al., LA-VN 509). B – C. thailandica Seidenf. (N.T. Hiep et al., LA-VN 351a). C – Coelogyne virescens Rolfe (L. Averyanov et al., LA-VN 113). D – Cymbidium eburneum Lindl. var. eburneum (L. Averyanov, N.S. Khang, S. Lorphengsy, LA- VN 804). E – C. eburneum Lindl. var. longzhouense Z.J. Liu et S.C. Chen (L. Averyanov, N.S. Khang, S. Lorphengsy LA-VN 803). F – Dendrobium indivisum (Blume) Miq. (T. Maisak et al., 953, 955). G – D. keithii Ridl. (T. Maisak, L. Osinovez, M. Telepova, s.n.). H – D. kontumense Gagnep. (S. Bounphanmy et al., LA-VN 21a). I – D. scabrilingue Lindl. (E.L. Konstantinov et al., 29P-C-GPS042). Photos by L. Averyanov (A, B, C, F, G, H), Nguyen Sinh Khang (D, E) and E. Konstantinov (I).
Source publication
Herbarium material collected in 2009?2013 in Cambodia and Laos provides 240 new localities for 156 orchid species (from 73 genera). Among them, 13 and 45 species respectively are new for the flora of each country. One species (Bulbophyllum konstantinovii) discovered in Cambodia is described as new for science. Eight genera (Acanthephippium, Didymop...
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Citations
... The orchid flora of Laos (Lao People's Democratic Re public) is one of the richest in Indochina. Meanwhile, de spite a series of general orchid assessments (Seidenfaden, 1992;Svengsuksa, Lamxay, 2005;Newman et al., 2007;Schuiteman et al., 2008) and many additional publica tions (Schuiteman, Bonnet, 2009Averyanov, 2013b;Gruss et al., 2014;Averyanov et al., 2016aAveryanov et al., , b, 2018aAveryanov et al., , b, 2019Gale et al., 2016Gale et al., , 2018Kumar et al., 2016Kumar et al., , 2018Gale, Phaxaysombath, 2017;George et al., 2017;Schuite man et al., 2018;Souvannakhoummane et al., 2018Souvannakhoummane et al., , 2021Souvannakhoummane et al., , 2022Kumar, Gale, 2020;Vo et al., 2022) it remains poorly stu died. Here we continue the publication (Averyanov, 2013b;Averyanov et al., 2016aAveryanov et al., , 2018aAveryanov et al., , b, 2019 of new data on Laos orchid diversity obtained during field studies in remote and poorly studied regions of the country during 2017-2022. ...
... Meanwhile, de spite a series of general orchid assessments (Seidenfaden, 1992;Svengsuksa, Lamxay, 2005;Newman et al., 2007;Schuiteman et al., 2008) and many additional publica tions (Schuiteman, Bonnet, 2009Averyanov, 2013b;Gruss et al., 2014;Averyanov et al., 2016aAveryanov et al., , b, 2018aAveryanov et al., , b, 2019Gale et al., 2016Gale et al., , 2018Kumar et al., 2016Kumar et al., , 2018Gale, Phaxaysombath, 2017;George et al., 2017;Schuite man et al., 2018;Souvannakhoummane et al., 2018Souvannakhoummane et al., , 2021Souvannakhoummane et al., , 2022Kumar, Gale, 2020;Vo et al., 2022) it remains poorly stu died. Here we continue the publication (Averyanov, 2013b;Averyanov et al., 2016aAveryanov et al., , 2018aAveryanov et al., , b, 2019 of new data on Laos orchid diversity obtained during field studies in remote and poorly studied regions of the country during 2017-2022. The paper provides descriptions of one species and one variety new for science (Oberonia sinuata Aver. ...
This paper continues the publication of new data obtained during field studies in remote and poorly studied regions of Laos in 2017-2022. It provides descriptions of one species and one variety new for science (Oberonia sinuata Aver. and Cleiso stoma fuerstenbergianum Kraenzl. var. minutiflorum Aver.) and reports five species newly recorded in the flora of Laos (Liparis balansae Gagnep., Oberonia trochopetala Gagnep., Paphiopedilum coccineum Perner et R. Herrm., P. sukhakulii Schoser et Seng has, and Uncifera dalatensis (Guillaumin) Seidenf. et Smitinand). Appropriate citations of regional literature, color illustrations, data on types and distribution, descriptions and etymology (for new taxa), as well as notes on taxonomy and related species are provided for the studied taxa.
... We obtained permits from the Forest department, Government of Tripura for both territorial areas (No.F.2-61/For/Misc/ Estt-2013/23009-019) and wildlife areas (No.F.8(163)/ For-WL-2016/886-87) in the state before commencing our study. Collected specimens were systematically identified using pertinent literature (Kumar and Kumar 2005;Schuiteman et al. 2008;Chen et al. 2009;Averyanov et al. 2016;Zhou et al. 2016) Identification. Erect epiphytic herb; rhizome sturdy, 0.3-0.5 cm in diameter; pseudobulbs erect, 6.9-7.4 cm apart, conical, 2.9-3.7 cm in length, 1.6-2.1 cm in diameter; leaf solitary with entire margin, petiole 0.7-0.9 ...
Despite the discovery of several new plant species from India every year, there is dearth of information on species of orchid, especially from the North Eastern Region . As a detailed survey seemed necessary for reliable documentation, we looked into the diversity of orchids in Tripura state. We document the first records from the state for 12 species of orchids, including two genera ( Crepidium Tausch and Dendrolirium Blume). Geographical distributions along with detailed descriptions and photographs of the species are provided.
... The mycoheterotrophic orchid genus Lecanorchis Blume (1856: 188) comprises ca. 30 species that are widely distributed, with endemic taxa reported from many regions of Southeast and Eastern Asia (Seidenfaden 1978, Lin 1987, Hashimoto 1989, Pearce & Cribb 1999, Szlachetko & Mytnik 2000, Pridgeon et al. 2003, Averyanov 2005, 20112013, Suddee & Pedersen 2011, Suetsugu et al. 2018a. The genus can be distinguished from other orchid genera by its numerous long, thick, horizontal roots that extend from a short rhizome, a cup-like structure (i.e., calyculus, found in many vanilloid genera) located between the base of the perianth and apex of the ovary and an elongate column with a small lateral, apical wings (Seidenfaden 1978, Hashimoto 1990. ...
A new species of the mycoheterotrophic genus Lecanorchis Blume (Orchidaceae), L. moritae, is described from Amami-Oshima Island, Japan. It is most similar to L. suginoana but differs in having a transversely elliptic (slightly contracted at base) midlobe (vs. semiorbicular, not contracted at base), more triangular with almost entire margins (vs. relatively rounded, denticulate margins) and reddish apices (vs. somewhat whitish apices) and a lip with white and purple hairs (vs. white and lemon yellow hairs) and sparse unicellular papillae scattered on the disc (vs. dense unicellular papillae). An illustration and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) sequence (i.e., DNA barcode) of the new species are also provided.
... Lecanorchis Blume (1856: 188) comprises about 30 species of mycoheterotrophic orchids (Seidenfaden 1978, Hashimoto 1990, Szlachetko & Mytnik 2000, Govaerts et al. 2017) characterized by having numerous, long, thick, horizontal roots produced from a short rhizome, presence of a calyculus (i.e. a cup-like structure located between the base of the perianth and apex of the ovary) and an elongate column with a pair of small wings on each side of the anther (Seidenfaden 1978, Hashimoto 1990). The genus is distributed across a wide area including China, Korea, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, New Guinea, Pacific islands, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam (Seidenfaden 1978, Hashimoto 1990, Pearce & Cribb 1999, Szlachetko & Mytnik 2000, Averyanov 2011, 2013. ...
Lecanorchis Blume (1856: 188) comprises about 30 species of mycoheterotrophic orchids (Seidenfaden 1978, Hashimoto 1990, Szlachetko & Mytnik 2000, Govaerts et al. 2017) characterized by having numerous, long, thick, horizontal roots produced from a short rhizome, presence of a calyculus (i.e. a cup-like structure located between the base of the perianth and apex of the ovary) and an elongate column with a pair of small wings on each side of the anther (Seidenfaden 1978, Hashimoto 1990). The genus is distributed across a wide area including China, Korea, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, New Guinea, Pacific islands, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam (Seidenfaden 1978, Hashimoto 1990, Pearce & Cribb 1999, Szlachetko & Mytnik 2000, Averyanov 2011, 2013).
... More species have been discovered since, especially by Cedric Jancloes and Marpha Telepova (pers. comm.), but relatively few records have been formally published (Telepova, 2009, 2013; Averyanov, 2013). It is also worth noting that 21 species of Cambodian orchids, some of which represent new records for the country, are described by Leti et al. (2013) and illustrated with colour photographs. ...
... At the same time, the very small population in north-western Vietnam was severely depleted due to commercial collecting and is now nearly extinct soon after its discovery. The detailed history of the discovery, exploitation, and extinction of P. canhii in Vietnam was presented in a series of publications (Averyanov et al., 2011a, b; 2013). At the same time, further studies of Paphiopedilum canhii revealed a very isolated taxonomical position of this species, hence some taxonomists and orchid enthusiasts proposed segregating it in a rank of a separate monotype section—Paphiopedilum subgen. ...
... The flowers are a bit larger, but their shape, structure and coloration looks identical with plants found in Vietnam (Fig. 7). We observed frequent fruit formation in all discovered Laotian subpopulations in the spring of 2013 (Fig. 8 ) in contrast to a miserable number of developed capsules seen in species locus classicus in Vietnam (Averyanov et al., 2011a, b; 2013). Habitats of Paphiopedilum canhii and associated plant communities on rocky limestone are very rich in other orchid species. ...
Bulbophyllum tenuifolium (Blume) Lindl. and Bulbophyllum parviflorum C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. of the family Orchidaceae are reported here as additions to the flora of Assam. Brief descriptions, images and geographical notes are provided.
The paper provides a short review of Bulbophyllum species recorded in Laos and Vietnam during the two last decades and continues the publication of results of our successive studies of the genus in this area. It presents data on two new species for science discovered in Laos (Bulbophyllum pachypodum) and Vietnam (B. neglectipetalum), one lesser known species for the flora of Laos (B. microtepalum), two new records for the flora of Vietnam (B. echinulus, B. setilabium), and new illustrated data on B. secundum insufficiently known in the flora of Vietnam. Bulbophyllum fascinator earlier accepted in specific rank reduced into the synonymy of B. putidum on the base of studies of newly obtained materials. Taking into consideration the new data presented in this paper, the flora of Laos presently includes 85, and flora of Vietnam 151 Bulbophyllum species, excluding Monomeria, Trias, and Sunipia. It is the largest genus in the orchid floras of both countries.
It is a common terrestrial orchid thriving in lowland thickets and on hill slopes, commonly in the company of ferns and Spathoglottis plicata, from Himalaya to Sri Lanka and across Southeast Asia to the Pacific Islands at 0–1000 m. Plants are reed-like (Latin arundo, reed). Rhizomes are subterranean, clustered with short internodes and stems grow close to one another. Stems are upright, slim, 60–100 cm tall, ensheathed by overlapping, linear-lanceolate leaves that resemble small bamboo (hence the common name bamboo orchid) (Fig. 16.1). Inflorescence is terminal or axillar and carries a succession of flowers from white to dark pink and of variable size and proportions, with plants from the mountains usually possessing larger flowers.
Didymoplexis Griffith (1844: 383) belongs to a group of morphologically close genera, which also includes Asian genera, Gastrodia R.Brown (1810: 330), Didymoplexiella Garay (1954: 33) and Didymoplexiopsis Seidenfaden (1997: 13). All these plants are small, terrestrial, leafless mycoheterotrophic herbs forming the core of the subtribe Gastrodiinae Lindley (1840: 383) of tribe Gastrodieae Lindley (1821: Appendix), subfamily Epidendroideae Lindley (1821: Appendix). Two-lipped flower and column lacking distinct wings or appendages are main generic characters that distinguish Didymoplexis from related genera of this subtribe. Didymoplexis comprises about 20 species distributed mostly in tropical Africa, Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands (Zhou et al. 2016, Govaerts et al. 2018). All species of this genus are miniature ephemeral herbs with small, unattractive fugacious flowers opening in one or two in succession and lasting commonly only one day, often only in the morning hours. As a result, representatives of this genus are easily overlooked in botanical surveys, poorly represented in herbaria (where they are often hardly recognized without additional spirit or photographic material) and remain infrequently inventoried in local floras throughout its range. According to available records (Fig. 1), the highest species diversity of Didymoplexis is observed in Java with 6 species (Comber 1990). Thailand (Pedersen et al. 2014) and Borneo (Wood & Cribb 1994, Tsukaya & Okada 2012, Tsukaya et al. 2014, Suetsugu et al. 2017) are inhabited by 5 species each. Three species were hitherto recorded in China (Chen et al. 2009, Lin et al. 2016, Zhou et al. 2016) and Vietnam (Averyanov 2011). Two species were found in Sri Lanka (Fernando & Ormerod 2008) and Laos (Averyanov et al. 2016, 2018). Floras of most other Asian regions such as Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Japan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and the Philippines include only one species (Garay & Sweet 1974, Seidenfaden & Wood 1992, Comber 2001, Pearce & Cribb 2002, Kress et al. 2003, Rokaya et al. 2013, Islam et al. 2016). The presence of several species of Didymoplexis in Cambodia is highly possible, despite none of them were recorded there to date. One more species new to science that clearly differs from all hitherto known species of this genus was recently discovered in northern Vietnam, close to the Laos border. Here we describe and illustrate this remarkable plant as Didymoplexis holochelia.
