A revision Hancockia of Rolfe, the orchid genera Ania Lindley, Mischobulbum Schltr. and Tainia Blume Hubert Turner Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, Leiden, Drawings by The Netherlands Nakajima Mutsuko Summary study presents This Tainia. also Keys represented by described given and of the a taxonomic to the genera 1 line new and are combination is made. of each of the orchid given, together species In toto, 31 drawings. taxonomic history revision species Many and 2 names Ania, Hancockia, genera with a desciption subspecies are reduced are to of each Mischobulbum species. recognised. synonymy. Four A All new short and species are species are discussion is genus. Introduction The four genera treated in this bulbum and Tainia, have been proposed in of the Phajinae Engler Ania & Prantl which are J.J. Smith to considered (1914) agreed as a classification, although he used the the genera closely Collabiinae, with ones related As regards name he gave Ania) no reasons under the with J.J. Smith Bletiinae rather than to be incorrect for this. Holttum Chrysoglossum name Tainia, Mischobulbum, ' a Hancockia and the on the position by new Ascotainia, of Tainia, but genus Hancockia. maintained Schlechter's for Phajinae reasons (1964) grouped together (including tribe'. Dressier Nephelaphyllum the genera to terminal inflorescence. morphologically and Tainia Nephelaphyllum to characterised the Collabiinae, he criticized (I.e.: 839) the Nephelaphyllum, Diglyphosa, bulbum and be Phajinae. Senghas (1984) 'terminal inflorescence', which he claimed cally, although to in the subtribe separate genus and added Rolfe's He retained Ascotainia in the subtribe priority. (including Ania), transferred Tainia, in which he included Mischobulbum and (1912) he maintained Mischobulbum clatural Tainia genera Nephelaphyllum, Collabium, one-leaved sterile shoots and leafless fertile the Collabiinae. Schlechter Mischo- in the classifications taxa both Ania and Tainia in the tribe (1889), assigned treated here by many later authors, he placed alternating higher-level Monandrae. The subfamily Chrysoglossum; and Diglyphosa, (including Ascotainia), Hancockia, different to Lindley (1831) placed for Orchidaceae thus far. Epidendreae. Pfitzer, subtribe study, assigned the of nomen- use of the and ontogeneti- term the four genera genera Mischo- (1981), finally, placed in the subtribe Bletiinae of the tribe Arethuseae. I tend cockia to agree with Schlechter belong to sification, According Orchid (1914) that the genera Tainia, Mischobulbum and Han- the Collabiinae, while Ania should be Monographs 6 to Pfitzer (1889), placed the Collabiinae (1992) 43-100, figures 25-55 + plates are in the Phajinae characterised sb-7d by in this clasa sympodial 43 habit with terminal inflorescences growth whereas the (series Acranthae), have Phajinae lateral inflorescences (series Pleuranthae). However, T. paucifolia, which in all other spects is especially Mischobulbum classification which he characterises Bletiinae, lip ..., Tainia, has lateral inflorescences, a true sometimes saccate and Tainia having "corms as with or thus the tribes and subtribes I either end up in Bletiinae It be understood that the must ficial. A cladistic intention prepare such to is analysis an the During on a out flat surface This ments. preparation point material with the plant that shrink Shoot a The shoot is divided bract, a the using as and their parts outlines keys measurements the pseudobulbs. to distinguish of the (sterile shoot) A short the or mea- spread measure- fresh comparing of those of the parts next to last from the laterally inflorescence (fertile an treated here: intemodes then (slightly same broader or not. usually The following width near along longitudinally). shapes the entire are can This whole swollen encountered in length), cylindrical the base than in the distal part), (broadest Leaf- or Mischobulbum), etc. to width). The the petioled or conical the genera and swollen (broad petiole, along ovate in the (broadest (broadest upper tip margins can be be can folding acute straight, back on an shape articulation of the leaf blade in the lower (margins meeting in undulate (with a a the (thickening) is usual- which the leaf is shed. In the other genera, blade; point) wavy can be cordate ± part), elliptic (broadest I have refrained from part). at ellip- gourd-shaped. In Ania not. describe the relative width of the leaf The waves are and pseudobulb), either breaks away with the leaf. The petiole in obovate late the half-way in the upper of the part ly present shaped, ± The leaves It be swol- base, tapering towards the tip), ovoid (broadest in the lower part of the pseudobulb), the entire carry pseudobulb. In Ania, several intemodes usually compressed pseudobulb. cylindrical (the towards the base the terminal internode of a shoot is called the previous ones are part is then called the soid will account species. It arises plant. taking or and in number of intemodes. The nodes a arti- it is my available. All were water for paper growth new nodes into by work, In this - may be thicker than the (the the as to membranaceous scale. Pseudobulb len states shoot and terminates in either a leaf previous shoot). such used in this boiled in determining mind when appreciably during drying, key probably natural classification; specimens only descriptions given here, especially A shoot is defined - in more were before possible as kept here of the character given be much as should be Flowers specimens. his using METHODS AND of this paper herbarium thus from dried surements are in place intemodes, future. near MATERIALS a of out aground. or run achieve to in the analysis when re- In Dressier's of several pseudobulbs or delimitation used in this work is generic required be somewhat to seem matters. spur ..." However, prominent a complicating or using instead an terms acuminate (drawn appearance) themselves). Rarely the margins are such index is or (heart- half-way) as lanceo- given (lenght/ out into a point). crenulate (wavy thickened. Except with in Mischo- bulbum, the base of the leaf blade is decurrent along the petiole. The leaf blade is usually thin, rarely somewhat fleshy. The veins ber of them distinctly Inflorescence next 44 - are usually somewhat prominent abaxially, a num- so. The inflorescence sterile shoot arises from the can be either terminal pseudobulb or lateral; in the former case the of the fertile shoot, in the latter it arises from Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) the from the base up peduncle, bract The upwards. bract in the form of Floralbracts the is tip pseudobulb ( Ania sterile previous tubular sheath, the a bract and rhachis tween cockia the floral bracts Flowers the flowering triangular (broadest 90°) c. are or in the always resupinate over 180°, of angle an base) node floral carrying a ovate; bepatent (angle (angle from the (rarely) or be can reflexed 90°). > In Han- scales. peduncle treated here, i.e. genera that the so the at the rhachis to morphologically indistinguishable twists pedicel relative 90°), spreading (angle < are The flowers - be can with each internodes, the parts: two scales. peduncle acuminate. Their position acute to It is divided into paucifolia). consists of several peduncle The floral bracts - and T. the first floral bract, and the rhachis, from the first to during is turned downward in the lip open flower. Tepals of the The - tepals of sepals and shape In Mischobulbum, the lateral tail). towards the with respect obliquely shaped). can to the sepals be triangular, triangular are and the sepals The lateral lip. petals elliptic ovate, be obtuse, rounded, acute, acuminate or caudate can petals can sepals obliquely elliptic slightly are obovate. The out into a tip long and decurrent along the column foot be long axis); furthermore, they In Tainia and Ania the lateral or drawn (tip can and be straight (base etc. falcate or decurrent narrowly off cut (sickle- along the column foot, the decurrent part curved downward and around the column foot. The midvein of the tepals when these tepal up the to be thickened can flattened, in are tip, a abaxially also in falcate or not. line from the straight tepals. The The width is of the length is measured tepals where the median vein point measured always the enters the broadest over part. Lip - same as durate The lip be can spurred, saccate without spur. The or described above for the leaf blade and the bracts. In but with the greatest width below the middle) and dimensions retuse or are (tip sunken) always or have of the an tip, called notch. The other deep enough to lip This is slight in this into two dent at The The margins and surfaces of the surface of the lip keels or are slightly lateral lobes and not, niate be entire flaps covers median lobes Column wings). Its - are or or doubled. In T. or lip not, and glabrous They can can be which a maingayi a transverse can Monographs lie shapes than and can be and flaps, as long). ridge-like distinctly undulating. or are On the adaxial of the veins, thickenings papillose, thickened single, a dense margins mass or Their or of laci- of the lateral and species. cylinder) inconspicuous. be truncate, semiorbicular or (1992) lip, above the main veins, directly in all species, is measured from the insertion of the median 6 is way be- part of the narrower be straight species some elliptic (wider band between the lateral lobes. The or lip shape can be several of the median lobe. The straight, slightly or can (minutely) papillose. the keels end in laciniate also laciniate in this length or usually be low The column is semiterete (a half rostellum) Orchid be denticulate, glabrous the anther cap. Stelidia are absent the can normally present, offset from them. thickened plate-like, crests can are margins lip same, is reached when the notch becomes above; in addition, for the median lobe, orbicular and transversely The of the tip distinguishing the base of the morphocline be pan- (the abrupt narrowing an lip be the can can (diamond-shaped). specimens. character for important a extreme divide the rhomboid the obpandurate mentionedearlier. The shapes margin. which may results in low the a one sinus in the a or determined on flattened In Mischobulbum undulating. the presence of addition, with the greatest width above the middle), (violin-shaped, in outline shape The shape triangular, and alate sepal to the of the top part with an (with lateral tip, excluding (the part above entire, denticulate, or 45 erose A column foot may be present. The margin. downwards least at the base of the column, but to wings usually seam-like and extend always are continue the along of the margins column foot. Anther or The anther - distinctly Pollinia pair and In - have can 2- indistinctly tive tissue treated here there are 8 proximal pair proximal pollinia less fused, are more or in pollinia, each theca. In T. to the abaxial side of the on The thecae abaxially. crests no, one or two are not divided, 4-celled. to species most smaller a distal and or maingayi in 6 resulting them pollinia, holding series of two and T. a distal larger, speciosa the medial A pollinia. is together) stipes (connec- probably always present. Fruit As far - could be observed the fruit is as TAXONOMIC The a) genera Ania and The genus Tainia He was the name Tainia Wallich (A. by tioned the cies without he a had apparently T. on mention Blume (1856) The Pfitzer In not was same (1889) tainia the it so he Blume's reunited the the other are a mentum because he different he taken probably was passing all was of Ania Ridley (1912) two groups: The Chinese the shall genus treatment of Tainia, based Lindley of Ania in his species at not seem Tainia had name to precedence that time under the former Benthamand Hooker f. (1881), Ascotainia with to not to use the (1883), Tainia in the and Collabiinae, orchidologists Tang and are by genus invalid, we or a new him were from species that in Asco- free from the column foot, state further on). Whether because he felt that the in- may never know, but the fact Ania for his genus. genera. In this he is followed Ridley noted sepals that Ascotainia should be with as the latter character Lindley's name accommodate to the lateral back come made this concept disagreed Ridley's concept being spe- since (1890). latifolia hand, agreed him to men- a distinctive for the as with Blume that Ania did known he of its existence. observed that the e.g. Bentham not conversant chose sepals included all genus, and species conical, and that (I of Tainia, which, In his genus. state he included latifolia. Understandably, not aware (1857) agreed by A. only species. collected in British As distinctive character very acuminate in this species the M. trinerve and M. species two original description and lip but in grouped stance was as (1856) included namely genus, recognise Lindley's Mitopetalum, pseudobulbs J.J. Smith 46 to new entire an and Hooker f. forming remains that that only latifolia). speciosa in his Flora Javae etc., Blume spurred lip. Unfortunately, however, Reichenbach f. so 1828, Peninsula. The main differences with Tainia corporation on or and A. in his lip 1907, Ridley established Malay thus did not Mitopetalum. name. the access Mitopetalum, over saccate Mitopetalum, differ much from the on He later Mitopetalum. to he did not include his Indian not genus its closest relative. In established the for genus Ania mentions speciosa, genus, did spur as angustifolia three-lobed, GENERA THE established by Blume in 1825 with T. plicatum. Lindley (1831) India OF Tainia regarded Nephelaphyllum changed HISTORY always ellipsoid. by even separated most recent went as far Ascotainia in the Wang, working is indeed valid, but that from Tainia and therefore authors. as to two (1914), genera in Phajinae. in Kew, also Lindley's Schlechter place the name came to for it has the conclusion priority, Orchid Monographs so 6 they (1992) therefore resurrected the and free lateral S.Y. Hu by generic name Ania for those Tainias that have conical sepals (see Summerhayes, (1972, 1975, 1977) and The 1939). who Senghas (1984), of view point same pseudobulbs was expressed Tainia in the Collabiinae placed and Ania in the Bletiinae. In this paper, I follow However, I have failed stated above, the column to in both genera drawn which a the sense be can seen are sepals in the lateral Ania recognise a distinct and very cases more the on has always and the regards in usually reuniting as a Mitopetalum, in which he included the or slightly saccate "small coloured and and T. A a The b) genus This genus a correct valid use very useful, and one at secondly first sight, hand, and to was separated T. original spelling has been genus from Tainia usually consisting lip, saccate to and no key of to one articula- ellipsoidal pseudousually distinctly a status the Carr sections Eutainia, T. species speciosa, (1935) proposed small leaves either lip" to Smith of section. He also distinguished subgenera a entirely accommodate the and section red or species sections, firstly because the or Mitopetalum) because quite seem to me to Chromatophyllon, sect. similar to T. laxiflora preceded by a thorough be lip quite arti- which in the in the form of the (1914) the Schlechter in by name is in the might shape on cladistic and the other. analysis. Gagnepain (1933) 6 (1992) as was not spelling to 1911. He placed it in the Colla- Mischobulbom, while this may be right be in an changing it without illegitimate name giving and shall following. differently accepted while e.g. J.J. Smith Monographs printed I feel that Schlechter Ridley (1924), Carr (1935), S.Y. Hu (1974, Orchid be deduced thus be distin- can mentionedin the ovoidal only entire obpandurata I therefore consider the latter the it. as can and Mischobulbum The rejected is subdivision of the genus should be linguistically, reason. accepted it, an the genus into dividing natural group biinae. In his 'Orchideen' more to lip, out- vegetissima. of the leaf on the meaningful of pseudobulbs, sections of J.J. Smith (Eutainia and longer no form slightly remaining species. so remaining as be The spur mentum. a and lip itself, foot, it should be mentioned that J.J. comprised by I have refrained here from seem to and lip to petiole. characterised purpureifolia ficial, and at most gourd-shaped with the underface Chromatophyllon, red-purple texture the base of the by section of Tainia. He further by two form not Ascotainia and Tainia gave the former the characterised T. do they than the division of Tainia, subgeneric included Mischobulbum a an articulation on the an supposed are that the lateral sepals of several internodes, lateral inflorescences, usually consisting (1912) but cylindrical pseudobulbs while Ania has swollen, petiole, spurred lip, As it, fleshy internode, usually terminal inflorescences, bulbs to of Ania is formed most species that Tainia are are state separate genus towards their base, but this out from it. The main differences between Tainia and Ania, the genera, tion drawn genera differ. As two a curved downward and back around the column from the fact that the column foot is guished as My findings mentum. narrowly indeed adnate are of these sepals (or Ascotainia) free, whereas in Tainia the lateral sepals foot, forming slightly are is in both portion thus in sepals in their division of the genera Ania and Tainia. Wang in what way authors who most that here the lateral adnate & Tang to see (e.g. in the past, e.g. Rolfe 1977) Senghas (1984) 1912, 1933), Holttum (1912), Merrill (1921), and Seidenfaden (1964) considered Mischobulbum, Tainia and and Pradhan (1986) (1979) Nephelaphyllum all to 47 be he therefore transferred many congeneric; also phyllum, unfortunately including such Collabium and as Diglyphosa a names handfulof and thus from the first two from other species greatly adding to the to genera closely Nephela- related genera already existing taxon- omic confusion. The character distinguishing the cordate leafblade being thin, but somewhat fleshy, directly plicate, not noted states as attached in to by Schlechter the pseudobulb, other respects, The c) from China. He species regarded connivent he as petals, was same very petiole, plicate leaves which it resembles in Nephelaphyllum, from and the genus in the "but relative, long slender He gave it Japan. established was a Epidendreae, differing followed & Sweet separate position concluded that the stated that it plants from scapes, the Collabiinae (1973) a sensu reduced the genus In this separate species. discovered in only was Nephelaphyllum, one-flowered and the mainland Japan a 1967 described the genus next to as accommodate to next to short, Maekawa Japanese plants by Senghas (who erroneously (1974) in its Hatusima in spur." but retained the , Rolfe in 1903 by separate subsection, the Chrysoglossellae. a synonym of Hancockia Garay placed its closest as and sepals Chrysoglossella to a parchment-like, a of the leaves: texture being resupinate. genus Hancockia monotypic which he Pfitzer the flowers and the genus Hancockia The new by the contrast to of Ania and Tainia. Mischobulbum differs from the absence of are: 1971). represent the species. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks their are due to the hospitality marked with an and directors asterisk): who permission species, tion on to publish A. Dr. made J.F. to Mr. J.J. I would and further like photographs ponggolensis simondii. Veldkamp Vermeulen KEY It is advisable to by there here of A. following herbaria in course me the Thanks for checking for their TO THE consult the are to to publish also due to the Latin invaluable help GENERA chapter on express my ruybarreitoi sending and for G. Seidenfaden for permission and to Dr. to W. specimens Nephelaphyllum drawings, pecially sent me of the curators for the of my loan of material study (these and for herbaria are AMES, BM*. BO, BRI, C, CAL, E, FI*. G, K*, L*. LAE, LE, NY, P*. PNH, S, SAN, SAR, SING, TI, U, Kong, and help during visits me M. gratitude and A. Mrs. to viridifusca, photographs and longiscapum and for Mutsuko Nakajima descriptions, and G. Barretto, Hong to Mr. A. Lamb information for sending making to Dr. E.F. de on me the for Bornean informaexcellent Vogel and es- and comments. TREATED IN THIS PAPER Materials and Methods before using the key for the first time. la. Lip b. Lip with a long spur (> 15 mm); inflorescence with only one flower 2. Hancockia Rolfe with at most a short spur (< 5 mm) or without spur; inflorescence with several flowers 2a. Leaf base 2 (sub)cordate in mature plants; leaf without petiole 3. Mischobulbum Schltr. b. 48 Leaf base more or less decurrent along the petiole 3 Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) 3a. Pseudobulbs swollen, conical, ovoid, distinct spur A. Pseudobulbs thin, ing of only most one ponggolensis); Lindley, Orch. Am. Acta Soc. Ridley, Ascotainia without not Shoots 1 Senghas Mai. Penin. ellipsoid of creeping, blade entire with 2 one along the acute. sepals slightly one in 861. Bull. 4 Jard. (1919) Bot. 9553; Lectotype - spe- II, 8 (1912) Buit. ('Ascotaenia '). 246 usually branched. Roots not - with pseudobulb, persistent a each node; the sterile shoots witi. on 6 Type - 1-2 mm to slightly obovate, tip acute to decurrent resupinate. Sepals from the base acuminate. slightly petals elliptic to obovate, the column foot, the decurrent part curved along Lip nical, rarely c acuminate, margins acute to and decaying, distinct articula- a arising erect, shoot. Peduncle scales tubular, Flowers with usually or 1 terminal leaf, rarely prostrate, Petiole petiole. Inflorescence lateral, the 2 thecae usually usually with a distinct spur 4-celled. Pollinia in each larger pair distally and 1 1-5 mm long, theca; 8, in 4 usu- pairs, subequal, stipes probably always Terrestrial. According - to Hawkes of fibrous loam, leaf mould, parts moss amounts should be used. them. new They become sunburnt. Teuscher penangiana, Teuscher has his nursery) during the period ends and the Orchid Monographs period, 6 in during this or care is recommended. These at a formed, they drop period begins Two a new in or compost of a rest chopped plants require period of about intermediate temperatures and detailed the above a treefern fibre and should be taken that the rather February. pseudobulb produces chopped thrive best (1971) gives which time rest January (1992) well drained pot filled with shoots have been seem to which differs somewhat from period of several months, rest a white sand, Regular fertilizing of water, but after the given (1965) sharp relatively bright situations, although not (1984) 3 t. (1965) 50; Teuscher, ellipsoid. month should be does A. abaxially, crests Cultivation ample ed. (1939) 161 Mag. Bot. three-lobed, adaxially with 3-7 keels. Column semiterete, alate. Anther or pair proximally Ecology sphagnum Beih. several internodes, erect, or previous triangular, present. Fruit equal 1, Smith, J.J. sympodial, downward and around the column foot. smaller at Summerh. Leaf blade elliptic of the pseudobulb entire. Lateral 1 consist- 4. Tainia Blume Enc. Cult. Orch. Orch. Rep. Fedde gourd-shaped. Lea/petiolate. or base decurrent Floral bracts ally Schltr., from the basal part of the last tion in the upper half. of the in Summerh., ex Hawkes, A. (1907) 115; 1 (1914) 316; Orch. glabrous, consisting pseudobulb straight, Lindley branched, with villous hairs, arising predominantly from the nodes of the shoots. arising to Ania usually angustifolia Lindley. tubular, acute, membranaceous scale ovoid articulation an Wang & (1951)46, 88; (1971) 803; 40 Ania Mater. Fl. usually Plant diam., Sin. penangiana (Hook, f.) Ania less a more or articulation ± half- ANIA (1831) 129; Tang Orch. (Sect. Ascotainia); Schltr., species: with an 1. petiole saccate; Phytotax. Bull. (here chosen): cies with internode; inflorescence usually terminal (lateral in T. paucifolia); lip Sp. Gen. Tang& Wang, petiole usually sometimes swollen towards the base, 1. Ania gourd-shaped, usually or lip usually viridifusca) cylindrical, slightly very in A. (absent in (absent way b. (obliquely) ellipsoid of several internodes; inflorescence lateral; consisting account account. fragile foliage of the cultivation of He reports a dry their leaves. At Montreal November. Flowering three months after shoot. Teuscher advises commences the rest transplant the flowering to rest (where 49 plants roots be the end of the at every year are formed, in separated, leaving of the new connected pseudobulbs two SE Asia: India; Sikkim; - new doing shoots appear and before the so, time. This will at a should pseudobulbs the improve strength and inflorescence. pseudobulb Distribution but before the period, rest loose mixture of humus and soil. In a Burma; China (Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong); Hong Kong; Vietnam; Thailand. Malesia: Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Java; Borneo; Philippines; Ambon; New Guinea. KEY It is advisable consult the to TO SPECIES THE chapter OF ANIA Materials and Methods before on the using key for the first time. la. Pedicel and abaxial side of b. Pedicel and abaxial side of <5 6. leaf blade index 2a. b. 3a. usually Lip Keels on lip ± Keels median lobe low uniformly in increasing 4a. Lip blade index b. Lip blade index Lamb in H. Turner or ovoid; 2 narrowed towards the base distinctly over their entire 4. b. A. ponggolensis three-lobed, but then the median lobe broadest ± slightly or A. sepals glabrous; pseudobulb conical, ellipsoid >5 Lip distinctly three-lobed; entire leaf blade index sepals pilose; pseudobulb gourd-shaped; height towards the than higher 2, less than 2, keels or, if tip of the & (Rolfe) Tang Wang 4 lip always straight higher than 2, . . 1. A. angustifolia Lindley then keels slightly to distinctly 5 undulating 5a. Leaf blade in flowering portion of plant up 3. b. Leaf blade in flowering portion of plant to 30 c. cm long; leaf index higher A. elmeri (Ames) A. Hawkes than more c. 30 cm than 12 Senghas ex leaf index less than long; 11 6a. b. 7a. 6 Three keels Five lip 5. lip keels on obliquely half-way; of the keels in lip to ellipsoid, usually sometimes in prostrate; decreasing petiole height uninterruptedly with an in ± always 8. A. viridifusca height again Pseudobulb ± conical, erect; increasing Petiole up to 150 simultaneously; mm keels long; on lip (Hook.) Tang towards the tip uniformly low 4. b. Petiole longer flowers open towards the 50 than 160 of the mm; simultaneously; tip of the lip A. keels on lip ruybarrettoi (much) 2. articulation Wang ex Summerh. keels on the lip lip their entire or an between the base half-way; hongkongensis more & S.Y. Hu & Barretto than 100 veins; over leaf blade with without the base of the median lobe, then articulation ± leaf blade with less ± petiole height half-way at 7. A. 8a. Summerh. (Hook, f.) 7 ovoid the on penangiana A. lip and the base of the lateral lobes, increasing b. on to seven Pseudobulb ± 8 length hongkongensis A. at 3 ... the base more most flowers open length (Rolfe) Tang than & Wang 100 veins; several less distinctly increasing A. borneensis (Rolfe) in height Senghas Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) 1. Ania Ania angustifolia Lindley angustifolia Lindley, Sp. Gen. 25. Fig. - (1831) 129; Senghas Orch. Mitopetalum angustifoliunt (Lindley) Blume, 135. Pachystoma angustifolium (Lindley) - (Lindley) Orch. Burma Bot. (‘Ascotaenia’). Non 87. auct. Reichb. non s.n. 2 (1857) 5 Fl. Br. (1986) 31, fig. 9b, 12; Averyanov, Rep. Fedde Beih. - Grant, B. (1975) 105; 1 863. (1858) angustifolia Tainia - 1 n.s., (1890) 819; 5 Vietnam angustifolia (Lindley) Schltr., (holo K, Fl. Jav. 54. Ind.. (1984) ed. 3 1, (1856) 185; f., Bonplandia Bot. 89 Nord. Prelim. 4 J. List (1919) 246 BM, E). iso Lindley: Benth., angustifolia Gagnepain, Fl. Schltr., Orch. in L.-B. Cambodia, Laos, Contr. Orch. Fl. Ascotainia - Bot. (1883) 515; Hook.f., PI. 3 (1982) 214; Op. 2 Type: Gomez - angustifolia Tainia ibid. (1988) Vietn. Orch. 2 Non Ania Gen. (1895) 155; Seidenf., (1981) 192; 1 Hook.f., & Benth. Mus. Fl. Hongk. (1861) (1933) G6n. I.-C. 6 (= 356 (see 383 A. hongkongensis). incompletely under species of Seidenf. & known Tainia). sutepensis Ascotainia Smitin., Orch. Eulophia 36: Downie, ex (1925) 378. Kew Bull. (1959) 101; 1 4, ibid. Bot. Fr. 77 Cambodia,Laos, Contr. Orch. Fl. 147 mm 11-20 long, half. upper acute to by 12-24 Vietnam blade Leaf elliptic to arising 19-flowered. Peduncle 25-39.5 long, mm Floral bracts elliptic, 4.6, acuminate, reflexed, 2.1-3; long; tip obtuse to to at 0-5 height just straight, mm, 21-36 (1933) 400, fig. Sin. 2387 mm to more or with by to 2.6-6.8 1 (1951) 77; (holo P). diam. long as ± sepals as to crest outline longer elliptic, viridifusca), by index a slightly obovate, at the Orchid Monographs (1992) outer 4.7-8.1, 3.5-5 entire from the keels 5-15 mm, 4-7.5 by 4-4.5 mm slightly by to mm, 4.5-6 mm, medially, gla- (rarely 3) keels, at part terminating dentate distal- mm long, start- lip, abruptly increasing terminating abruptly, highest distally, long, starting 1.5- from the basal distally, glabrous, 0-8 mm, in- minutely papil- serrate with 5 mm index obliquely triangular, raising plate-like basal part of the sepal thickened acute to proximally, usually distinctly dentate diam. index 3.2- usually 3.6-5.7, 12-17 lateral lobes mm, longest mm distinct spur of 2-4.5 margins entire, glabrous 0-6 4- acute, mid-vein to below the base of the median lobe, proximally, usually distinctly wards its distal end; 91- long, cm 1-3 long, mid-vein minutely papillose; lip adaxially height just raising plate-like index cm, than the bracts. Median 14.5-23 mm, cm acuminate slightly transversely elliptic, straight, persistent, Flowers several open simultane- slightly keeled (cf. T. long, starting in (herb.). oblique- articulation in the 32-73.3 pseudobulb, acute. minutely papillose; to less an thickened towards its distal end; the lateral keels 8.5-15 6 (holo K). diam. Peduncle scales 3-5, the mm long, below the base of the median lobe, entire Evrard obtuse; margins entire, sometimes slightly mm abruptly, highest distally, ing long, mm slightly acuminate; lip, abruptly increasing not 3-6 index 3.2-4.7, general glabrous acute the median keel 7.5-16 ly, glabrous, I.-C. 6 Phytotax. 12-24 long, mm thickened abaxially. Lip with usually brous; adaxial surface glabrous of the 4-13 Lateral median lobe ± orbicular ± Type: long, mm 151-285 obliquely elliptic, 14-23 by 3-5 adaxial surface mm mm mm, abaxially. mid-vein 0.7-0.9; tip lose; 3-5.5 blade three-lobed, in long; 2 to Petals ± 11-20 - 195 undulate; thin, 69-187-veined (5-7 veins thickened long, acuminate, tip sometimes acute to abaxially. dex spreading by (1975) 83. Kerr Gen. Acta acuminate. Rhachis 9.8-33.8 slightly 14.5-23 Wang, & from the base of the cm to thickened usually not acute Pedicel and ovary 5-13 ously. 1 slightly obovate, slightly acuminate; margin abaxially). Inflorescence 32-52 Type: - scale of subterminal node mm, the base. Petiole at open torn 549. of several internodes, erect, conical, sometimes ± prostrate, consisting ly ellipsoid, sutepensis (Downie) Tainia (1930) 337; Gagnepain, Fl. Stem of sterile shoot with 1-4 intemodes, Pseudobulb - (1965) 738, fig. 2 Nephelaphyllum evrardii (Guillaumin) Tang - Seidenf., 2, Guillaumin, Bull. evrardii 5-9. Rolfe Thail. not in crest thickened to- raising plate-like 51 fromthe basal part of the lobe, terminating abruptly, highest distally, ± entire margin cate, without crests; thecae or stelidia absent; top part long, mm distinctly denticulate; wings broadly seam-like, extending to of the column foot; column foot 0-1.5 with 2 small below the base of the median height just straight, usually distinctly dentate, glabrous, crest thickened towards its distal end. Column 7-9 not tip in lip, abruptly increasing mm Anther long. indistinctly 1.5-2 the abaxially mm, 4-celled. Pollinia 8. Fruit distinctly to 1-2 by trun- to up not observed. Colours Flowers green - Ecology Altitude 660-1300 Distribution m. Ania As. R. Linn. J. Soc., Spec. Non Tainia Non Tainia (Rolfe) Senghas Soc. Bot. (holo BM, 3958 purple. humid soil and upper mixed deciduous forest. on observed in IX-XI. Flowering (Rolfc) Senghas borneensis Gibbs, white with yellowish brown; lip Burma; China (Yunnan); Thailand; Vietnam. - Ania borneensis 2. to Mixed evergreen forest - 42 Orch. (1914) 154; (1921) No. Schltr., in 182. Fig. 26; - (1984) ed. 3 1, rolfei 863. Schweinf., Ames & C. Tainia - Plate 5b. Hunt, P. - Ascotainia Kew borneensis (1920) 164; Ames, Orch. 6 Bull. (1971) 26 182. Rolfe J. Str. Type: - in Br. Gibbs K). iso Ridley, borneensis borneensis J. Str. Br. R. As. (Schltr.) Gagnepain, Soc. 49 Bull. (1907) (see 32 Mus. Natl. under species excluded Hist. Nat. sdr. 2, (1932) 4 of Tainia). (= Nephe- 706 laphyllum pulchrum Blume). malayana Tainia 167; Bull. J.J. Smith, Java (1990) 107. (1905) 17; Fig. Ambon Ill, Tainia - ed. 3 (1984) 863. Tainia steenisii J.J. (‘stenisii’). Smith, Type: - (1909) Blumca Van Steenis subterminal node 170-247 5.1 cm, (3-7 74.4 mm index scales long, 5-6, with 2.5-4 the abaxially. to 15 by Petals long; blade by 6-9 1-10.5 mm internodes, 318; Senghas to 2-4 mm, mm mm, abaxially. acute to obliquely elliptic not to entire with index arising acute. mm long, 3.6-5.7, Lateral sepals slightly to slightly a more or Orch. long, starting at 58 c. mm Schltr., plant mm long, long, torn ± long, cm 1, c. 2 by open to (1984) 854 at mm, scale of the base. Petiole 19.0-33.4 by 2.1- pseudobulb, 1-2 long, cm 43.0- diam. Peduncle mm diam. Flowers several open simultaneous- sepal elliptic slightly acuminate, elliptic, straight acuminate, 3 diam. (herb.). mm 5-12 mm than the bracts. Median acute ed. paucifolia). 2-6 Rhachis 4.5-30 to obovate, 10-20 by 2-3.5 Lip less distinct notch, in mid-vein slightly falcate, mid-vein thickened abaxially. mm, Orch. undulate; thin, 111-211-veined not acute. 1, Orch. is T. from the base of the glabrous; lip adaxially 0-9.5 Schltr., in not to mm, with a slightly index raising plate-like to ob- not to 12-20 by thickened 3.7-6.7, acute distinct spur of 2-3.5 general outline ± obovate, 10- 1.5-2.2; tip acuminate; margins entire, glabrous, adaxial surface ± (1934) Orch. Java half-way. Leaf blade elliptic, long, longer index 66 (1905) 183; Orch. erect, conical, 22-36 110-162 long, in the left Peduncle 21.0-54.4 mm f., Bot. Jahrb. (1968) 290; Comber, malayana (J.J. Smith) Senghas (holo L, right plant; reflexed, 6-15 index 3.9-6, lating distally; 52 to acuminate, mid-vein mm non Fl. Java 3 (holo BO). persistent, 25-50 longest thickened mm, Ania 5 internodes, up 5-12-flowered. 11.5-20 slightly Hook, articulation ± an Pedicel and ovary 4-17 ovate, Smith p.p. (1943) 306, 5 (1933) 160; Engl. 32 f., abaxially). Inflorescence Floral bracts patent iy- less - ibid. Backer & Bakh. 6.5-10.0, slightly acuminate; margin thickened cm more or long, c. J.J. 109m 8960 of several consisting (1932) 76; 138. t. J.J. Smith Stem of sterile shoot with Pseudobulb 31 (1939) 122; 16 penangiana Atl. Type: - Rep. Fedde Jard. Bot. Buit. with 3-5 from just keels, slightly undu- the median keel below the broadest Orchid Monographs 6 part (1992) of the tip, highest distally, decurrent towards the lip, from just more or less raising plate-like or terminating abruptly, highest distally, towards the glabrous, part tip thecae mm entire to column foot 0-1 distinctly Anther long. mm 4-celled. Pollinia 8. Fruit Pseudobulb - reddish veins, yellow, Ecology In - 1-2 1-2 by (Gibbs); 5-7 by a seam- distinct lonwith 2 abaxially mm, maroon secondary Altitude 270-1400 Distribution Notes lip paler (Collenette); lip yellow undergrowth above river, open stalk 3-5 mm; crimson jungle (Gibbs); (Collenette); note obtained 5). specimens I have described by slightly a not to some maintaining In addition them as two to seem to J.J. be elmeri (Ames) (1965) Ascotainia 50 A. taenia’); Ames, as a T. species, new by to be related malayana, a no be to a young on the lip and that are so some rostel- by two of T. specimens not Van mixtum a and the present specimen) minor and T. their after hav- well-developed difference between the appreciable as to sidelobes, but the fact that this collection is species (right) malayana consistent, however, separate species. but not exclusively, those from Borneo) the top part Comber also noted that in Smith, E Java (Gunung Aijuno) all cleistogamous. Hawkes ex (comb, illeg.). elmeri from Ambon and Java specimens distinct lateral lobes. 3. Ania elmeri (Ames) A. Hawkes Orch. path (Comber). T. borneensis, except that Van Steenis 8960 notches specimens (especially, of the column has specimens steep hillside on T. steenisii, from material collected led astray discern any Ridley's pronounced that I refrain from 3. was species, somewhat bent spur. These differences 2. In place side of by deduced from the presence of J.J. Smith considered been able J.J. Smith and more he Apparently paucifolia (which species. have as 1943 he described still another Steenis in Sumatra. of T. sunny shade from Sumatra and New Guinea which also had apparently heterogamous, lum. In light He considered the lack of lateral lobes in 1932 he described them autogamy. However, were in 1. In 1905 J.J. Smith described several - outside of observed in II, VI, VIII, IX. Flowering m. on adaxially (Comber). of deciduous forest tepals pale greenish- with crimson spots Sumatra; Java; Borneo; Ambon; New Guinea. - penangiana (see there, Ania stelidia absent; top sometimes with 23-28 Flowers brown purple. yellow spotted spur, column pale has straight, entire, crest long, ellipsoid, at decurrent long. Colours ing mm tip not long, starting mm part of the lip, slightly denticulate; wings the tip of the column foot; abaxially to up gitudinal ridge; 1-4 present broadest abruptly, highest distally, slightly semiorbicular, margin to like, extending crests; less more or not mm, straight, entire, glabrous, crest when below the just 0-9 at decurrent towards the lip, thickened towards its distal end. Column 7-10 not truncate terminating or keels outer from raising plate-like mm, long, starting mm below the broadest part of the thickened towards its distal end; the 5.5-9 straight, entire, glabrous, crest thickened towards its distal end; the lateral keels 0.5-10 Senghas (Ames) Ames, Sched. Orch. 6 in Tainia - Senghas ex Orch. 5 - Fig. Schltr., Orch. elmeri Ames, 1, ed. 3 Elmer's (1915) 99; Schltr., (1923) 79; Day, Philip. 27. (1984) 863; Leafl. Fedde Orch. Rev. A. Philip. Rep. (1949) Beih. 14. - Hawkes, Bot. 4 5 Enc. CulL (1912) 1570. - (1919) 246 ('‘Asco- Type: Elmer 8526 (not seen). Tainia inamoena maoena’). Orchid - KrSnzlin, Type: Monographs Fedde Loher 6 541 (1992) Rep. 17 (1921) 387; Senghas in Schltr., Orch. 1, ed. 3 (1984) 854 (' ‘ina- (holo CAL). 53 Stem of sterile shoot 15-38 torn 3-20 by at open blade mm; not scale of subterminal node the base. Petiole 50-210 12.5-29.4 by 8-18 elliptic, 33-79-veined thickened (3 bulb, 31.8-80.4 diam. Floral bracts 20.0-25.0 Lateral sepals ± not thickened index index mm, nate; longest patent Petals long; to lip, slightly mm, distally, 18.5-24.0 3.5-4 by mm, pseudodiam. mm 1-2 long, cm most open sepal not thickened abaxially. index 5.2-6.0, acute, mid-vein 18-23 3.0-3.5 by with abaxially. Lip outline general 2-5 Flowers acute. Leaf than the bracts. Median thickened not in three-lobed, minutely papillose; adaxial surface mm mm, distinct a 14.5-19 elliptic, 7-9 by 1.1—1.6; tip at acumi- to crest 1 c. not by 2-2.5 Altitude 1300 - to entire mm up mm, long, the to to not at tip of distally, long, starting mm at tip, highest distinctly undulating distally, to entire thickened towards its distal end; 10.5-11 mm, raising plate-like, slightly dentate, glabrous, stelidia absent; abaxially part proximally, dentate slightly the not thickened top part triangular, margin of the column foot; column foot 0.5-1.5 with 2 crests; thecae distinctly 4-celled. 1+ 2 3 (1984) (Rolfe) & (1972) 48; Gen. 863. - kongensis Rolfe, Ser. Flowering m. 10 Ania Kew Wang, angustifolia I, n, V. Bull. chosen, iso aucL - Phytotax. non 28. Fig. Sin. (1951) 46, 88; 1 J. Linn. Orch. Beih. Wilford Bot. 36 (1903) 20; 4 2 (1988) 88. (1919) 384 (K); 246 356. Dunn Hance - s.n. (1670?) (K); - - & Ascotainia ( ‘Ascotaenia ’). J. Schltr., in Hong Kong (1932) 181; S.Y. Hu, Q. Vietn. Rep. Soc. Hu, Q. S.Y. Lindley: Benth., Fl. Hongk. (1861) Orch. List Fedde NY, P); Wang Acta (1896) 195; Prelim. & Hong Kong (1977) 65, fig. 34; Senghas (1912) 264; Herklots, (1975) 167; Averyanov, here Tang Orch. (Rolfe) Schltr., Orch. (1914) 317; 522 (lecto K, observed in Philippines (Luzon). - hongkongensis (Rolfe) Tang Add. entire decurrent towards the lip, glabrous, 3-5 keels, from the basal observed. Ania hongkongensis Bull. with fal- minutely to Flowers brown. - Distribution ed. of the long, starting mm slightly undulating, Anther 1.5-2 25, glabrous slightly undulating crest proximally, part dentate distally, slightly when present Pollinia 8. Fruit Mus. obliquely triangular, slightly raising plate-like distally, entire from the basal entire; wings seam-like, extending Ecology mm, slightly undulating proximally, slightly entire keels Colours 0-6 tip, highest towards its distal end. Column 8.5-11 long. lateral lobes minutely papillose; lip adaxially long, starting raising plate-like crest outer 28 long, mm long, longer mm long, mm undulate; thin, Rhachis 2.4-16.2 thickened towards its distal end; the lateral keels 8-15 not highest distally, Ania 5-13 spreading, distinctly undulating distally, proximally, 4. acute. not long, cm obliquely elliptic, slightly falcate, blade decurrent towards the to glabrous, mm long, mm 34-150 from the base of the long; tip obtuse; margins entire, glabrous laterally, mm median keel 8-14 ± margin 1.6-2.4; median lobe elliptic, 6-7 by 4-5.5 mm, index papillose medially; the persistent, articulation in the upper half. an 3.5 mm, index 5.7-7.1, acute, mid-vein adaxial surface cate, 2.5-3 0-4 less internode, erect, conical, margins entire, slightly undulating distally, minutely papillose proximally, glabrous distally; the 16-34 6.0-7.1, slightly acuminate, mid-vein mm with abaxially). Inflorescence arising elliptic, falcate, abaxially. of 2.5-5 spur by more or index 13.5-22.3, acute; cm, Pedicel and ovary 7-21 simultaneously. elliptic, long, mm one 2-7-flowered. Peduncle 22.5-64.2 long, cm Peduncle scales 4-5, the mm observed. Pseudobulb consisting of Taiwan Orch. 1, hong- Tainia Tutcher, J. Taiwan Kew Mus. hongkongensis Syntypes: Wright Ford s.n. (12/79?) (K). 54 Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) Stem of sterile shoot with Pseudobulb consisting of terminal node 140 1.6-3.3 with index cm, less more or long, mm 15-22 by mm 2.5-3.5 index 4.3-8.2, ± abaxially. Lateral sepals 6.7, acute 14-21 nate, mid-vein entire with a or less distinct notch 5.5-8 slightly obovate, 11.5-13.5 by transversely elliptic tip minutely papillose; acute to surface at highest end; 0-5 mm, half-way raised to plate-like mm, index 1.4-2.1; mm, not thickened index 3.4- mm, Petals obliquely slightly acute to mm acumiblade long; near to median lobe where present index 0.7-1; tip acuminate; margins base, glabrous towards tip; adaxial obliquely triangular, a with 3 keels, 0.25-1 long, starting mm low at ridge only, highest thickened towards its distal end. not to column foot; column foot 1-2 mm 2 small crests; thecae green tinged 0-5 not sur- long; mm to a long. 1.5-2 by 4-celled. Pollinia8. Fruit olive-green to abaxially towards tip ridge only, straight, entire, crest stelidia absent; long, mm abaxially to the tip without of the or with observed. reddish brown with claret and purple adaxially mm, not long, mm from the basal plate-like distally, Column 6.5-8.5 Anther 2 low thickened towards its distal raised mm, half-way lip, forming denticulate; wings seam-like, extending up indistinctly Flowers - the median keel 5-10.5 from the basal part of the straight, entire, glabrous, crest top part truncate, margin entire pale sepal elliptic, slightly three-lobed, in general outline elliptic to lip adaxially distally, part of the lip, forming Colours 3-4 abaxially. 4.3-8.0, Pedicel simultaneously. by diam. mm obtuse; margins entire, minutely papillose medially, glabrous laterally; adaxial the lateral keels 5-10.5 glabrous, 13.5-20 pseudobulb, 1.5-2 long, open by 47- thin, diam. Peduncle scales mm distinct spur of 2-4 a lateral lobes where present minutely papillose; starting with Lip entire, slightly undulating, minutely papillose face ± 12.5-30.5 undulate; not cm thickened usually orbicular, 3.5-5 by 4-6.5 to most 2.5-3.5 mm, index thickened abaxially. usually more the base. Petiole 52- elliptic, than the bracts. Median falcate, to scale of sub- mm, slightly acuminate, mid-vein usually mid-vein by 3 long, cm at open diameter (herb.). mm from the base of the arising longer to as elliptic, straight slightly acuminate, to elliptic, slightly falcate, 2 c. blade Leaf Flowers acute. long as torn Rhachis 8.7-32.5 acute. long, mm about long, mm, long, mm 5-19 spreading, and ovary 7-12 long, slightly acuminate; margin to abaxially). Inflorescence 3-4, the longest 22-31 Floral bracts acute long, the upper half. 5-11-flowered. Peduncle 16-42 long, cm 90-162 mm persistent, 6.6-13.7, mm internode, erect, conical, 9-23 by 7-21 articulation in an 93-veined (3 thickened 36.7-52 5 internodes, 25-28 c. one and stripes to speckles; entirely yellow, lip the spur olive- brown. Ecology In - Distribution Note - Ania forest, China and between rocks, on identification, I have penangiana (Hook.f.) Summerh., 50; Senghas in 820; (1890) 192; ibid. Curtis 6 Bot. Schltr., Orchid Bot. 89 Ic. (1986) 33, Monographs 6 Nat. t. 9f, (1992) 1, Bot. ed. PI. t. Seidenf. (1964) 182; Vaughan, Op. Orch. Mag. 123 (1897) Buit. II, 8 (1912) 5; stouter a not Mag. 3 (1984) 21 (1892) 161 t. Smitin., Mai. 14. - 6, 4 Exk. Fl. Java Thail. 2, 1 1 J. A. Hawkes, Linn. I am Enc. Cult. Orch. Soc. (1911) 368; not Nord. J. Smith, Bot. penangiana (Hook.f.) Ridley, Br. Ind. 5 (1965) (1890) (1896) 314; Hook.f., 32 J.J. Fl. (1959) 101; Holttum, (1981) 19, 23; Seidenf., Ascotainia as description. penangiana Hook.f., 2089; Ridley, Orch. specimens; in the Plate 5c. 9553; t. Tainia III-V. Vietnam. than the other (1939) - observed in Flowering measurements Fig. 29; - 862. 7563; Koord., & plant included its (Hook, f.) Summerh. penangiana in ravines. (Hainan, Guangdong); Hong Kong; Lei 447, from Hainan, is certain of the 5. Ania - 5 Fl. Bull. Jard. Bot. Malaya 1, ed. 3 (1985) 157, fig. Mater. Fl. Mai. 1; Penin. 1 55 (1907) 116; Bull. Non J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. (1919) Beih. 4 Settl. Str. King hookeriana Tainia 103, 143; t. Mitra, Fl. Thail. (1925) 437. 3 PI. E. Ind. Teuscher, Taxon 29 Fl. Mai. Taiwan J. Orch. Pen. Pantl.) Tang 25, Mus. Sin. (1972) 48; Anon., 1+2 latilingua Tainia Rolfe siamensis Smitin., Orch. Thail. ex 2, Seidenf. Downie, (1959) 1 of several consisting terminal node 149-358 3.5-9.2 mm more or long, index cm, thickened 116.4 cm 8 Hawkes, 1, ed. 3 4 (1919) Mag. Cult. (1984) (King Pantl.) Ridley, & (‘Ascotaenia’). (1939) Ania - 9553; Tang t. 8282; Anon., t. Type: Pantling - Orch. List Vietn. & (1965) 50; S.Y. Hu, Q. Orch. 862. Orch. (1967) 109; (‘hookerana’); 242 Prelim. 246 (1976) 726, 5 22 (1972) 29; Seidenf., (1979) 161 (1898) 8 (1926) 76; Smitin., & Soc. 41 Bull. hookeriana Bot. Enc. Sin. longest 22-41 patent to Fl. J. Hain. 4 (holo BM, 204 slightly abaxially. to blade mm, not to mm 16-34 3-24 long, acute to mm general glabrous 2-4 at 0-6 gradually creasing half-way in glabrous, 0-5.5 to mm mm, the keel, sometimes lobe of the long, height ± 2 c. long, cm long, about torn diam. (herb.). Pseudo- mm open long, mm, Flowers as to 3-6 not abaxially. Lip 1-3 long, with a than the acuminate, to falcate, to slighdy index 11- thickened 3-8.9, acute distinct spur of 2-4 11-18 obovate, mm open simulta- most acute mm, by 7-12 (to transversely elliptic), (3.5) sparsely minutely papillose; and lateral lobes long; tip obtuse; margins entire, glabrous; with 3 mm, 4.5-8 raised plate-like uninterruptedly, the keel, from slightly beyond otherwise more usually abruptly increasing plate-like from slightly beyond the beginning the steeply, in obliquely adaxial sur- the median keel 6.5- keels, crest mm of beginning in that height thickened towards its distal end; the lateral keels 5.5-12 raised diam. Peduncle cm not to lip, terminating abruptly, highest distally, rarely half-way, mm, by 41.7- pseudobulb, elliptic, straight by to 30.2-49 distinctly longer mid-vein elliptic the base. Petiole mm index 3.6-8.5, 13-31 orbicular 3-5 11.2-41.8 long as scale of sub- mm, at undulate; thin, 99-283-veined acute. acuminate, outline to & (p.p.!). 75 Leaf blade elliptic, not slightly minutely papillose; lip adaxially long, starting (1959) 101, fig. Rhachis mm thickened Seidenf. (0.5) 0.7-1.2; tip acuminate; margins entire, slightly undulating, triangular, slightly falcate, to (Downie) siamensis from the base of the acute. by 2.5-6.5 slightly in three-lobed, index 1 thickened abaxially. Lateral sepals ± adaxial surface glabrous mm arising long, index 1.0-1.9; median lobe ± rhomboid glabrous; mm obliquely elliptic, slightly falcate, acuminate, mid-vein 4.5-7.5 51 2, acuminate; margin mm index (1.8) 3-7.3, mm, Petals long; c. Tainia - (holo K). Orch. Thail. 114-250 spreading, mid-vein 36 by 2-6.5 378. 5-15-flowered. Peduncle 30.5-74.6 long, not to (1925) internodes, acute sepal elliptic, 56 Beih. Rep. Summerh., Kerr 214 (non Hook.f.), Pedicel and ovary 9-23 neously. 13 Soc. Seidenf. Siam Orch. 2 Ind. articulation in the upper half. bracts. Median face Bull. Am. Orch. Ascotainia Corm. Bull. Type: persistent, an 5.3-8.7, diam. Floral bracts by Hist. Calc. Orch. Sikkim (1959) 54; 18 Nat. Bot. Gard. Guide internodes, erect, conical, 30-52 by 5-29 less with c. - abaxially). Inflorescence scales 4-6, the mm Ic. Orch. Kew 100. & Smitin. Stem of sterile shoot with to Schltr., in A. - Rep. Fedde Fl, LE, W). iso Ascotainia (3-7 Surv. Ind. 65. ex Ann. R. 89 (1986) 32; Averyanov, Fedde Wang (1951) 46, 89; 1 (1977) 233, fig. 1111; Senghas bulb Bot. 3 (1989) & borneensis). (1975) 105; Pradhan, Vietnam Soc. Ind. L). A. (1895) 336; 2 (1971) 803; HolUum, 40 iso (1912) 6; Briihl, 8 Rec. Bot. (1907) 116; Schltr., 1 & Phytotax. Acta Wang, Bull. II, Buit. (1980) 169; Seidenf., Op. (King hookeriana Soc. Beng. 64, Bot. (= 183 (1914) 317; Orch. (1924) 112; Burkill & Henderson, Gard. 4 (holo K, (1905) (1965) 740; Smitin., 2 Cambodia,Laos, (1988) 88; Misra, Mater. J. As. Jard. 1642 Orch. Java (1958) 302; Razi, 1 Am. Orch. Soc. Contr. Orch. Fl. 2 Bull. (1961) 347; ibid., 4, 3 Biswas, Pantl., & Smith, J.J. Smith, (‘Ascotania’); Schltr., 195 Fl. Mai. Penin. Type: Maingay - J.J. penangiana aucL: Tainia (1911) 59 (‘Ascotaenia’); ); Ridley, 246 on case de- the median straight, entire, long, starting of the keel, at sometimes Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) and gradually ± minating abruptly, highest half-way ed towards its distal end. Column 7-10 entire triangular, margin the column tooth on Stem - yellow, to spots, especially column white cream - (1951)]; Thailand; Notes Vietnam. Malesia: 1. There has been much - in the past. nangiana "the differences dispute as A. the studying two must same; notched spur in A. the fact that they must they be most index c. ward from to 1.3 in my a Vietnam and in Holttum studying two 3. According One of the large Orchid was 1965) Wang penangiana to not to me that the opinion more distinctly index with separate he gave key In his China to so of the believe that them as 1.6). c. being to in A. hookeriana lip: 3/4 (i.e. keep (Hainan), as (i.e. study penangiana A. east- ranges widely separated two A. publication they In his slight. and A. hookeriana), I have not the to difference, together preferred thus corrected this sufficient for him are noted that identified some the shorter and that this was all material available seen the as species (including the conclusion come to hold and I have therefore decided to given above, although Biswas to including (1980) specimens specimen 2n = collected in AMES lateral lobes and Monographs 6 by Tang a (1992) (Cult. large & Wang (1951) to be the same as A. is quite well in type material, but the original description double inflorescence, the second 5. The & Tang hookeriana, (1971) expressed also District III, considered hesitation in no 4. has not with that I therefore have a X-III. concepts. hookeriana. I have had purple tropical valleys. to In the latter from NE India northward to in Lawrence), District III in Thailand, while A. penangiana 2. Ascotainia siamensis is agreement (1961, ratio of the that all differences mentionedin the literature do unite the of A. species. (1972) replied in A. northward up of A. specimens to crest; thecae of A. hookeriana and A. pe- status but later of both width/length ranging southward Malaya distinct a brown in front; anther greenish description Teuscher two. terminology), 3/5 distribution to of Tepals greenish green. [Hainan, according geographically widely separated, Holttum believed. After the type China only difference he could find difference the with large coloured with faint Hort. Trevor ex. he also conceded that the differences prominent Penang cream forested riverbanks; kept apart. Finally, Seidenfaden(1986) hookeriana has to about the type specimens penangiana. are species, although the the on (cult. in his penangiana, gave several differences between the be the 1 to Seidenfaden & Smitinand (1959) (are) mostly by degree." hookeriana, after up mm, tip Peninsula. Malay Summerhayes (1939) from Thailand specimens olive Ovary sometimes purple, Sikkim; SE Asia: NE India; - 1.5-2 the purple spots. two observed in VI Flowering m. by truncate to keels and median lobe, spur brownish; greenish-yellow tropical semi-evergreen forest, Altitude 600-830 Distribution greenish. brown; lip white coloured flushed brownish with to In to 1-2 ter- observed. not the lateral lobes, to cream coloured Ecology on purple Anther lip, thicken- not stelidia absent; top part ± long, height the median lobe of the straight, entire, glabrous, crest long. mm green. Bracts purplish marked on with 2 crests, sometimes fused margin, abaxially 4-celled. Pollinia 8. Fruit Colours mm height in decreasing case slightly denticulate; wings seam-like, extending column foot 0.5-2 foot; the distal distinctly brown to in distally, or in that steeply, more usually abrupdy increasing the keel, half-way otherwise uninterruptedly, the specimen in general seems to be smaller. it here. 40. by one Hort. Curtis arising on Government Hill (s.n. from the base of the first Bog. s.n.), according rostellum. It is thus undoubtedly to A. 1892, SING) one. the label from Ambon, penangiana. However, 57 J.J. Smith 31 [Fedde Rep. (1932) 76] identified by him originally Tainia penangiana as the rostellum always autogamous, lacking from New Guinea and Sumatra with described were later him T. by he publications Dutch East Indies. In ed that plants of the real T. A. really in the records error given to regard in BO. I have therefore kept flowers complete led 1) is A. belong A. to a Ambon from than present species viridifusca, Ania note differt. - Typus: a of one elliptic, Rhachis ovate, 7-8 long, given in specimen a result of falcate, 14.5-16 12-16 distinctly mm an elliptic, c. long, 1.9-3.5 by c. 3.3 2 c. sharp a by 7-8 mm, distinctly mm, index abaxially. long, mm mm nov. scapo diam. 9-14 mm the 1 by measurements - Fig. 30; mm, in the status differ from Plate 5d. sepalisque pilosis iso Pseudobulb articulation ± 7 c. mm con- half-way. Leaf 2.8-4.7, acuminate; margin longest ecalca- scale of subterminalnode mm, an et labello L). (herb.), creeping. 8-16 with long, mm erect, c. not long, undulate; 20.5 long, cm long, cm acute, abaxial surface diam. Floral bracts patent, triangular pilose. Flowers long, longer most than the open simultaneously, bracts, pilose. Median to re- sepal 2-3.2, acute, tip slightly hooded, abaxial surface thickened abaxially. Lateral sepals triangular, slightly 1.7-2, acute, abaxial surface slightly pilose, mid-vein Petals margins to few flowers in a in the upper part. Peduncle 13-17.2 c. index similar it separate give obliquely elliptic, slightly falcate, 12-14 acuminate, abaxial surface glabrous, mid-vein by 5.5-8 tip obtuse; more scent. without spur; blade three-lobed to entire with 9.5-13 to and petals orange-reddish more parentheses. index cm, 2, tubular, cm 14-18 4.5-8 mid-vein thickened index 0.9; less more or separate folder label- certainly I have decided not in gourd-shaped, Petiole 29-37 by ovary 2.3-2.4, slightly axially. Lip of the here in the broad also are because it is has species acute, abaxial surface Pedicel and slightly pilose, 58 5 c. diam. Peduncle scales triangular, a (3-5 thickened). Inflorescence probably lateral, slightly pilose. mm Its flowers lip. study. 2-flowered, slightly pilose, especially supinate. most in (put specimens presented pseudobulbo ampulliforme, erect, long. 9.0-10.5 51-77-veined index as that at in the distribution locality 204/84, Borneo, Sabah, Batu Ponggol (holo K, internode, 15-30 mm decaying, are that this aliis Aniis Lamb Stem of sterile shoot sisting mm the label on and lips flower A. Lamb in H. Turner, spec. ponggolensis ponggolensis Ania 1 Bogor suppose that the is unknown. Wherever its locality specimens, they 8. Some collectors c. to small, the specimen is very incomplete (only are and its collection those of the other thin, flowered in included this not one tentatively here, any other in this to because the differences alcohol), but median lobe of the colour than usual. I include it blade being in the 17] J.J. Smith mention- (1905) locality given In his there). see (T.) penangiana penangiana. transversely elliptic rato of A. Singapore mixtum: the loose 7. Senaratna 898 differs from the other 6. borneensis, above. 6. Reichb. Orch. Herb. 29885 is the the A. occurrence publication [Orch. and to me were Bogor). Specimens rostellum but without lateral lobes well-developed (reduced by penangiana imported penangiana, had distinct lateral lobes and never time. I therefore believe that it is safest for the time AMES is from Java and Ambon and plants least when cultivated in (at mentioned any again earlier an a malayana never established that index a distinct sinus, 1.7; median lobe orbicular, crenate, not 3-5 undulating, minutely papillose; in by by 5-6 mm, thickened ab- general outline 3.5-4.5 adaxial Orchid Monographs mm, surface 6 (1992) abaxial surface minutely papillose; angular, 1 c. with 3 keels, the median keel 7.5-10 glabrous; lip adaxially raised from the basal part of the plate-like half-way, part long, starting mm decurrent towards the lip, mm, stelidia absent; top part triangular, margin base of the column; column pecially abaxially with broadened and thickened Fruit Colours blotches. — a the raised plate-like from the basal and adaxial surface c. 10 dark pedicel floral bracts greenish purple; column foot to the 4 mm c. minutely papillose, es- greenish yellow. Patch of purple spots purple translucent purple. Sepals translucent purplish spots; petals sometimes with purplish spots. Lip yellow, keels tip, long, mm Anther without crests. Pollinia 8, slightly pilose. with green veins, sometimes with sometimes with undu- slightly crest observed. not greenish yellow mm, lip, highest wings seam-like, extending up longitudinal ridge; tip, 1.5 Leaves liver-coloured when young. Petiole magenta. Inflorescence with Ovary towards the distinct near towards the base, abaxial surface unequal. ± entire; at c. thickened towards its distal slightly 3 at c. lating, entire, glabrous, slightly thickened towards its distal end. Column long, slightly tri- obliquely of the tip lip, highest proximally, of the tip long, starting mm decurrent towards the lip, slightly undulating, entire, glabrous, crest end; the lateral keels 5.5-7.5 of the lateral lobes where present slightly pilose; tip obtuse; margins entire, glabrous; adaxial and abaxial surfaces long; mm yellow, purplish spots laterally at and base of column. Anther cap purple. Ecology On top of limestone peak, terrestrial in - Distribution Note of The - Borneo: Sabah - relation with Ania, However, a of this generic position spur indicates a as do the of the shape lateral inflorescence also is species with Tainia, affinity an among the rocks. shady places (Batu Ponggol). on very clear: not pseudobulb and the in Tainia occurs the on one the other, the articulated petiole points To complicate further, this is the only species within the genera treated in this paper which is I include it glabrous. 7. Ania ruybarrettoi Ania S. Y. Hu & Barretto S.Y. 13098A Barretto, Chung Hu & Kong (1977) 65; Senghas Stem of sterile shoot with node more or with an less one persistent, articulation ± florescence 62.5 Rhachis acute. longer by tic, c. 6 arising cm c. long, 17.2 Flowers cm 5 internodes, c. 178 not mm, c. 3 long, not mm c. open thickened index c. Monographs 6 mm half-way. Leaf c. 1 long, 14 (1975) 25, (1984) 38 torn blade undulate; thin, from the base of the most slightly falcate, Orchid c. mm 863 12; t. S.Y. Hu, (' ruybarrettioi '). long, mm c. 3 c. c. Gen. — mm c. c. 40.5 79.7 3, sepal elliptic, c. 31 Lateral sepals ± by cm the 5 c. Orch. Type: Hong S.Y. Hu to (herb.). long, 4.9 c. cm, 30 mm, mm index long, c. 8.3, abaxially). mm spreading, 11-18 270 In- 5-flowered. Pedun- c. c. Pseudo- scale of subterminal 7 thickened longest ovary c. by (c. diam. Floral bracts patent Pedicel and diam. mm, the base. Petiole 173-veined pseudobulb, simultaneously. abaxially. at open elliptic, diam. Peduncle scales than the bracts. Median mid-vein J. ed. 3 internode, erect, conical, 25-27 by 11-13 slightly acuminate; margin c. matters entirely (holo K). bulb consisting of cle not Plate 6a. Fig. 31; - Chi Schltr., Orch., 1, in a in Ania. provisionally ruybarrettoi to lateral inflorescence. probably paucifolia. hand, the absence mm index c. long, 7-10 acute. mm long, long, distinctly 6.2, acuminate, obliquely elliptic, slightly falcate, c. 31 5.1, acuminate, mid-vein not thickened abaxially. Petals obliquely ellipc. 31 (1992) by c. 5 mm, index c. 6.2, acuminate, mid-vein not thickened 59 with abaxially. Lip elliptic obovate, to index mm, distinct spur of a 20 c. c. 10 mm, 3 blade three-lobed, in long; mm index 1; c. median lobe ± orbicular, lateral lobes minutely papillose; in ing height 1.5 at c. mm, long, starting in increasing height long, starting in creasing mm, 1 at c. height 1 c. mm, by 1.5 c. outer 7 c. c. 4.5-5 part of the mm margin glabrous; the median keel from the basal 13 c. mm increas- lip, abruptly crest lip, abruptly end; the keels outer lobes, terminating abruptly, highest distally, thickened towards its distal end. Column not 12.5 c. plate-like from the basal part of the lip, abruptly in- ± entire; rostellum triangular, margin up abaxially mm, of the part terminating abruptly, highest distally, thickened towards its distal wings seam-like, extending not by terminating abruptly, highest distally, plate-like the base of the lateral at stelidia absent; top part long. raised not long, Fruit plate-like raised straight, entire, glabrous, Anther from the basal the base of the lateral lobes, at crest ed lobe; 8 thickened towards its distal end; the lateral keels 12-12.5 not 1.5 at c. straight, entire, glabrous, crest mm raised the base of the lateral lobes, at straight, entire, glabrous, mm with 5 keels, minutely papillose; lip adaxially surface long, starting c. obliquely triangular, long; tip obtuse; margins entire, inner margin minutely papillose, adaxial outline general 1.1; tip acuminate; margins entire, minutely papillose proximally, glabrous c. adaxial surface distally; by c. to the of the column tip without crests; thecae triangular 11.5 c. with column foot foot; mm round- a 2 c. mm 4-celled. Pollinia 8. distinctly observed. Colours and Sepals - dull petals well mixed; red-yellow, lip white, maculated purple on lateral and median lobes; column dark violet. Ecology Flowering - Distribution 8. Ania Ania viridifusca (Hook.) Tang & Wang viridifusca (Hook.) Tang & Wang ex Summerh., Phytotax. Acta Sin. (1852) Br. t. Ind. 4669. ibid. Tainia 1, Grant, B. 1 Orch. Calanthe (1895) 157; Seidenf. Bot. 89 J.J. Simon s.n. Smith, Bull. Thail. 2, Jard. Rep. (1919) 1+2 Mag. Bot. f„ Hook. Buit. Bot. Vietnam 246 78 Fl. 8 II, 74 (1975) 1 Nord. List Vietn. Orch. 2 4 28, (1959) 100, fig. 1 Cambodia, Laos, Beih. Wang, & ibid. 3 (1883) 515; (1979) 241; Seidenf., 2 Prelim. Fedde (in note); Tang (1972) 49; viridifusca Hook., Gen. PI. Contr. Orch. (1986) 28, fig. 9a, 11; Averyanov, 9553 1+2 Smitin., Orch. & viridifusca (Hook.) Schltr., Orch. (1914) 317; Jard. Bot. J. Bot. 2 (1988) 89. - ('‘Ascotaenia’). (not seen). Buit. II, 8 1 (1906) (1912) 6; Senghas Fedde [according 4 in Schltr., Rep. Beih. 1 (1986), to Seidenf. Orch. 1, (1911) 100. 3 (1984) ed. - not 854. seen]; - Smith, J.J. Ascotainia Type: unknown, probably fuer- lost (see 1). note elata Ascotainia Orch. 1, (Schltr.) Calanthe Schltr., Fedde 3 (1984) 863. S.Y. Hu, Q. J. ed. eberhardtii Rep. - Beih. Tainia Bull. (1919) 70; elata (Schllr.) Taiwan Mus. Gagnepain, 4 25, Soc. 1+2 Bot. ibid. P. 246 Hunt, (1972) 48. Fr. 79 - (1932) (both Kew Type: 162. - * Ascotaenia '); Bull. Senghas 26 (1971) 181. Maire s.n. (not seen, - Schltr., in Ania elata note see 2). Syntypes: Eberhardt 4673 (lecto P, chosen), 3984 (P). Stem of sterile shoot with c. 5-6 internodes, Pseudobulb consisting of several internodes, ± 60 - Hook.f., Benth. & 4,2 (1965) 737, fig. 548; Seidenf., stenbergiana (Schltr.) Schltr., here 863. 25, Mus. 32. Fig. - (1939) t. 161 J. Taiwan (1984) Burma (1958) 301; fuerstenbergiana Schltr., Orchis Bull. Bot. Mag. Hu, Q. ed. 3 Summerh. ex Sehgal, Taxon 25 (1976) 646; Pradhan, Ind. Orch. (1982) 214; Op. Ascotainia S.Y. viridifusca (Hook.) Mitra, Fl. PI. E. Ind. Mehra & Type; Orch. Schltr., Tainia - (‘viridofusca’); 106; in (1890) 820; 5 (1912) 6; (1951) 46, 89; 1 (1975) 169; Senghas - observed in III. Hong Kong. - c. 37 erect to mm long, ± prostrate, c. 6 mm obliquely Orchid diam. ovoid Monographs (herb.) to 6 ellip- (1992) soid, 22-50 by 32-100 long, mm elliptic, torn at open 46.4-55 scale of subterminal node mm, the base. Petiole 4.3-8.2 by index cm, 390 c. 6.2-10.8, more less or 230-317 persistent, without an articulation. Leaf blade long, mm slightly acuminate; margin acute to not undulate; thin, 93-251-veined (3-8 thickened abaxially). Inflorescence seemingly arising from the laterally 30.4-102.5 long, Flowers acute. 20-29 4.5-5.5 by keel-like extending obliquely elliptic nate, mid-vein blade long; open not three-lobed, 0.8-1.7; tip acuminate; general cate, 1.5-4.0 mm glabrous to lateral lobes base of the lip, the lateral lobes, else a low ridge at slowly descending double-crested from 6-6.5 starting not at 0 mm, the lobes, descending median lobe, slightly undulating, ly, height up like when present pair on to a long, glabrous, starting up to the tip tip distally Fruit not to half-way by 2 mm, abaxially abaxially mm with mm, median height on index fal- margin with 5-7 from the to up gla- between lobes, descending sometimes slightly undulating, to pair denticulate on median lobe, of lateral keels 9-12 sometimes lip, slowly descending raising plate-like or to mm to the median lobe, terminat- 8-8.5 mm, long, starting crest mm long, and uninterto a low keel the base of near lobe, raising plate-like half-way, and shorter than the second the column; 4 mm, adaxial surface straight crest entire thickened towards its distal triangular, margin to by mm index between the base and the base of proximally, 1-4 Petals ± end; at to proximal- the second 6-9 mm, the pair, raising plate- straight to slightly un- to denticulate; wings seam-like, sometimes with adaxially along one entire a distinct sometimes with a longitudinal longitudinal ridge the column; column foot 1-2 crest; thecae distinctly mm long. 4-celled. Pollinia 8. observed. Colours Orchid straight obovate, thickened towards its distal end. Column 8-10 not of the column foot; of the column foot up Anther 1.5-2 not 8-9 by 3-5.5 the base of the lateral of lateral keels more in the base of the median at abaxially. raising plate-like mm, terminating abruptly, highest distally, stelidia absent; top part from the base up from the near entire ridge to slightly elliptic, slightly between the lateral lobes, else low third) pair the median lobe, extending ridge half-way from the base of the dulating, slightly denticulate, glabrous, mm 0 sometimes double-crested from 6-6.5 when present, the third at long, index 4.4-8, elliptic margin glabrous, terminating abruptly, highest distally denticulateon median lobe, (and to mm, mm distinct spur of 1-3 3.5-6 to raising plate-like crest mm, 11-23 index 3.8-6.8, acumi- 11-14 uninterruptedly increasing low keel half-way, 8-8.5 raising plate-like in less long, mm reflexed, 4-24 minutely papillose; lip adaxially between the base and the base of the lateral lobes, the lateral on or to lateral thickened towards its distal end; the first ruptedly increasing half-way a to the base of the median lobe, ing abruptly, highest distally glabrous, and ± minutely papillose; long, starting mm raising plate-like again the lateral lobes and mm, obovate, obliquely triangular adaxial surface keels, the median keel 9.5-12.5 sometimes to to long; tip obtuse; margins entire, minutely papillose; 4-5 a more or elliptic to mid-vein sometimes thickened not by slightly transversely elliptic, to margins entire, glabrous minutely papillose; to 18-27 with sepals acuminate, the mid-vein tip abaxially, abaxially. Lip elliptic Lateral abaxially. index 3.6-6.4, outline 30-46 longest obovate, 21-32 by 4-5 to obovate, slightly falcate, in 20-30-flowered. Peduncle Pedicel and ovary simultaneously. thickened not mm, thickened long, cm diam. Floral bracts patent mm sepal elliptic the beyond to median lobe 1.2-1.7; brous most acuminate, mid-vein to falcate, 3-5 long, cm 68.8-156.5 4), note diam. Peduncle scales 6-7, the mm than the bracts. Median longer acute 5-8 Rhachis 23-54.5 acute. mm pseudobulb (see long, cm - Pseudobulbs dull Monographs 6 (1992) blue-green, sheath straw-coloured; peduncle green, peduncle 61 scales straw-coloured; rhachis bright green; drab tepals abaxially, suffused red anther cap to greenish Ecology pale to lila column foot white with red crest; forest; green with faintly spotted adaxially, Evergreen — brown sometimes yellow adaxially, lobe green; floral bracts lighter purplish near light a lip median cream, base, spur yellow; column sometimes yellow adaxially, cream spotted lila; pollen yellow. 1200 -1500 open bank. Altitude on and ovary pedicel green; red mid-vein; ob- Flowering m. served in I-IV. Distribution Notes 1. - Schlechter type authors, ascertain its 2.1 have material lip 11 c. to find the by c. c. 7 100 mm with long) cm with a 2 China, Ania elata is 3. to grow Mehra & arise from the side of the 5. at Reichb. Orch. is Ania Ania hennisiana hennisiana Orch. 213. 2n is = to on a the is with the unknown, authority drawing of these from which to (Schltr.) Tainia Rep. Fedde apply to a cm it is a large three- long; from the base of the starting lobe). The description fits small-flowered A. the ruy- whereas A. elata is described from 2000 tentatively include it here. m. less prostrate, the inflorescence same place seems in the other as (see fig. 32). mixtum of the present a 1.9-2.3 species and one flower of species). SPECIES Senghas in Schltr., Beih. (Schltr.) hennisiana original description 40. more or pseudobulb 6 under that (Schltr.) Senghas (1914) 317; - conspecific "origin (...) (tepals is also known, I INCOMPLETELY KNOWN 9. or in fact, it arises in the pseudobulb; Herb. 29885 note also Hong Kong, species pseudobulb the base of the penangiana (see to might elevation of up at an the spur and 3 keels it Sehgal (1976) the fact that the Anias, namely A. to to to flowers large the base of the median at where the present reported According to that its I include it here according long mm starting barrettoi. Since the latter is endemic 4. Due states original description present species reasonably well, although Yunnan in who be considered lost." materialof A. elata, but with 2 additional keels lip, (1986), Vietnam. fuerstenbergiana identity properly. seen no plant (inflorescence lobed must been able having not (Yunnan); Thailand; considered his T. (1915) So does Seidenfaden present species. and the NE India; Burma; China - 4 P. Orch. (1919) Hunt, 1, 246 ed. 3 (1984) 863. (' ‘Ascotaenia’); Kew Bull. 26 (1971) Ascolainia - Fedde 182. - Rep. Type: hennisiana Beih. 74 Hennis Schltr., (1934) s.n. t. 1911 54, (not seen). Distribution - Note -1 have given by Burma. seen no Schlechter material of this (1934), it might species. be A. EXCLUDED El. Ania maculata Thwaites, Enum. PI. From the original description and the figure angustifolia. SPECIES Zeyl. (1861) 301. - See E18. Tainia maculata (p. 97). 62 Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) 2. Hancockia (1984) Hemsley, & Rolfe in Forbes 849. Type species: - J. Linn. (1903) 20; Senghas Soc. Bot. 36 uniflora Hancockia Chrysoglossella Hatusima, Sci. Rep. HANCOCKIA City Yokosuka Schltr., in 1, Orch. ed. 3 Rolfe. Mus. 13 (1967) 29. Type species: Chrysoglossella - japonica Hatusima. nal Roots glabrous, creeping, sympodial. Plant 1-2 mm diam., branched, villous with not hairs, predominantly arising from the nodes. Shoots arising from the base of the termi- root or scale subterminal internode, with a more or the terminal internode undulate crenulate, usually to decurrent differentiated.Leaf not the along more Inflorescence terminal, alternating side than the indistinguishable scales. Flowers lateral along more the column foot. than 15 4-celled. Pollinia 8; Ecology Garay (but genus Rolfe in Forbes (1914) 130; Sweet, Contr. Orch. - Type: to in 3 under H. 1, Hatusima & Wild Orch. Sako cd. 3 Pseudobulb ± erect, Jpn. mm tubular, the longest mm slender tubular spur long. acute, mid-vein not three-lobed cylindrical to channelled. 19-33 mm Median slightly not (1903) 20; Soc. Bot. 36 167; S.Y. Hu, Q. J. Yokosuka - Type: Henry City Mus. (1973) 73; Senghas 13 in Ic. 11112 (1967) Schltr., long, mm long, ovoid, 5-14 by 1-2 Leaf 1-3 with blade ovate, cm very long, 3-4 2 mm; Mus. (holo K, 29. see rhomboid, undulate in the obliquely triangular, Orchid Monographs 6 3), note abaxially. in 6-6.5 more 2-3 Petals (1992) general by 2 mm mm, by a elliptic, 1., Orch. iso 174; (1976) 683, 5 NY). japonica (1984) ed. 3 diam. (herb.), scales up by to 849. 7.5-8.0 mm, index glabrous, long, tip rounded, creep- mm cm, diam. Peduncle scales acute. long. index 4-5, Pedicel and ovary index 12, acuminate, mid-vein 20-24 elliptic, 26 1.5-2.6 by 3 mm, 19-20 by 9-9.5 0.8, tip rounded, adaxial surface mm, index slender, tubular spur of 16-18 outline distal part, mm (1974) 27 Hancockia - 2945; t (1933) 338; I.-C. 6 Corm. Sin. mm 3.2-5.6 pronounced veins, 23-24 sepal elliptic, thickened (1911) Ic. PI. 30 Fl. G6n. Taiwan (1975) 70; Anon., (1984) 849. thickened abaxially. Lip with (but median lobe thecae Fig. 33. thickened abaxially. Lateral sepals ± obliquely elliptic, 21-23 by 3-3.5 mid-vein two (holo KAG) (see note 3). 29680 long, - (1919) 182; Gagnepain, Vietnam Col. 1.9-3.0, 11-15-veined. Inflorescence 19-30 a uniflora). Hemsley J. Linn. (1974) Rep. Sci. & Bcih. 4 Cambodia, Laos, Schltr., Orch. Maek., F. Petiole 5-20 not its base, less decurrent more or with Rolfe, I.e.). Stem of sterile shoot with 1-3 intemodes, 12-23 ing. sepals previous peduncle type species. Hemsley, Rep. Ryukyu Isl. S. Orch. Fl. 8196; Senghas & Fcdde Chrysoglossella japonica Hatusima, (Hatusima) of the see note uniflora Rolfe in Forbes Orch. & (according present Monotypic Seidenf., t. stipes description - uniflora Schltr., the column at Column semiterete, alate. Anther without crests, the See 1. Hancockia Hancockia to petals entire, from the Unknown. - Distribution - adnate somewhat mottled. Terrestrial. - Cultivation Note Lip long. mm and base other, slightly thickened, slightly protruding abaxially, shoot, one-flowered. Floral bracts morphologically resupinate. Sepals shoots, margin acute, from the base of the terminal internode of the arising erect, with the fertile petiolate. Leaf blade ovate, tip so on one midvein petiole; thin, membranaceous persistent, tubular, acute, less each node; the sterile shoots with 1 terminal leaf, on index 7, 7-8, mm mm, acute, long; blade index 2.1; margins entire, glabrous; lateral lobes margins entire, slightly undulate, gla- 63 adaxial surface brous, double-crested keel Column glabrous. denticulate to by 2 Fruit 15 c. and mm absent from the inside, 11-15 ± plate-like, highest long, stelidia absent; wings seam-like, extending erase; without crests; abaxially mm, keels the mid-vein gradually raising ovary, c. glabrous; on thecae long, starting half-way up distally, to a well 5 at crest semiorbicular top part to spur with lip, mm to developed, from the mm straight, entire, margin truncate, the base of the column. Anther 4-celled. Pollinia indistinctly 1.5 c. observed. not observed. not Colours - Flowers Ecology On very moist slope of valley, altitude 1400-1600 m. Flowering observed in - pink. VII, VIII. Distribution according Notes the China Vietnam (Tonkin); (Yunnan); 1. Herbarium - of which is origin 2. - Hatusima; Osumi Gunto, Ryukyu, to specimens Japan (Mt. Motchon, Yakushima, according Garay to & Sweet). minute wart-like spots display typical on the leaves, clear. not Petelot 3561, P) Occasionally (e.g. the bracts the shoot may on assume leaf-like a appearance. 3.1 have it scription I have it ing not seen more as material of Hancockia seen seems to (1914) (1986) - 128 24. - Schltr., Plants branched, Rep. Fedde Blume Lectotype species: with the fertile distinctly decurrent pairs, subequal, present. Fruit Ecology - the species 64 1, J.J. not ed. (1912) 127; Schltr., 20 (1984) 849; Seidenf., Op. Smith, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. branched. Roots 1-2 one 89 (1912) 6. 8 mm diam., not from the nodes of the shoots. Shoots a persistent or decaying, tubular, each node; the sterile shoots with 1 terminal of II, Orch. Bot. (see Senghas, I.e.). Schltr. with pseudobulb, Rev. 3 leaf, alternating internode, erect, cylindrical, (slightly) acute to acumi- undulate, thin, 3-5 veins slightly protruding abaxially, somewhat marbled. Inflorescence terminal, acute. the column foot. along crests 1 smaller abaxially, and petals Lip usually the pair proximally erect, arising Floral bracts two and 1 from the basal part of triangular, entire. Lateral very thecae slightly usually acute. sepals saccate. not larger pair distally ± Flowers obliquely Column semi- divided. Pollinia 8, in each theca; stipes Terrestrial. According - of Tainia Distribution sia: classify- ellipsoid. Cultivation as Garay entire. Until & Sweet in petiole-like. Leaf sessile. Leaf blade cordate, tip terete, alate. Anther with 2 in 4 on simultaneously, resupinate. Sepals open triangular, sympodial, usually Peduncle scales tubular, pseudobulb. most to Orch. (Schltr.) shoots, pseudobulb consisting margins straight to Schltr., scapigerum (Hook, f.) basal part of the last swollen towards the base, the (1911) 98; Rolfe, Orch. in hairs, predominantly arising root acute, membranaceous scale mottled 1 Mischobulbum sect. glabrous, creeping, arising from the nate, Beih. Mischobulbum villous with lip being MISCHOBULBUM ( (‘Mischobulbon’); Senghas Tainia agree with to F. Maek. From the de- in the uniflora. 3. Mischobulbum species only material from the islands, I tend synonym of H. a japonica (Hatusima) differ from the continental - to Hawkes (1965) these plants should be treated in the same way (see there). SE Asia: Sikkim; China (Guangxi, Guangdong); Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Taiwan; Thailand. New Guinea. Pacific: Male- Solomon Islands. Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) Note has Mischobulbon spelling The - in reappeared regularly KEY It is advisable the literature therefore the spelling, the changing TO consult the to name THE first used was Schlechter never gave Mischobulbon should be considered SPECIES chapter since. ever Schlechter in "Die Orchideen" and by OF for reason a nom. illeg. MISCHOBULBUM Materials and Methods before on a the using for key the first time. la. Lateral keels of the b. 2a. c. lip distinctly and regularly undulating, especially the on 11.5 mm lip 16-24 Lip 3a. the keels thickened towards the long, the keels long, mm Leaves with well over thin equally 20 veins, uniformly along green, of the tip M. Leaves with less their entire b. 5a. with 2 keels Lip distinctly 3-lobed, Lip entire or at most Lateral keels the on Lateral keels on ed towards the 6a. Lateral keels wards the b. slightly tip thin lip equally of the hp, but then hp extending the along of the tip their entire on the hp not narrowed ± abruptly tip M. crassum length the tip of the to further than halfway of the or at most acute, thin 5. M. extending and 2. hp almost H. Turner Seidenf. in H. Turner lip of the without lateral lobes tip, but tip on Lateral keels the (J.J. Smith) 5 fleshy b. undulate margins slighdy longiscapum Schltr. (J.J.Smith) papuanum with 3 keels thickened towards the lip 3 length marmoratum 3. M. ... slightly 3-lobed, very Schltr. f.) margins straight than 20 veins, with spots of different colour, 4. M. 4a. lip scapigerum (Hook, 6. M. b. hp rounded, H. Turner thicken- slightly 6 hp; hp gradually narrowed megalanthum Tang & Wang towards the tip, sometimes developing true 7 7a. Length of the hp b. Length of the lip 14.5-18 mm; number of veins in leaf < 10 8. M. wrayanum (Hook, 23-29 Mischobulbum cordifolium (Hook, cordifolium (Hook.f.) Schltr., 127; Schltr., Mus. 212, S.Y. 133, 134, fig. 48; Kong (1977) 65, t. Beih. Rep. (1955) 256; 8 t. Fedde 32; t. 1861; Rolfe, 4; Hayata, Mus. 28 Orchid Ic. J. Taiwan Ic. Corm. Su, & J. Linn. PI. Form. (1975) 167. Monographs 6 - Fedde Hu, Q. Liu 4 (1992) Schltr. Rep. Mus. 27 Sin. FI. Taiwan - Beih. Fig. 34; Soc. Rolfe Bot. Ford 56 5 5 (1974) 438; Lin, (1976) 681, (1978) 1064, t. 36 (1903) 20; Sasaki, (holo K, Cat. iso J.J. Gov. - t. Native 8191; Tainia in 20 J. Jard. 152; (1975) Orch. Schltr., Orch. Bot. BuiL S.Y. Hong 1, Ic. PI. II, Hu, Q. (1912) Taiwan Taiwan cordifolia Hook.f., Bull. (1930) Orch. Hu, Gen. S.Y. 1624; Senghas Smith, Herb. Orch. Rev. (1933) 143; Hsieh, Q. 1 Schltr. (Hook.f.) Plate 6b. (1911) 98; Rolfe, 1 Orch. (no date) 58, 59. Form. (1914) 61; Type: f.) M. cordifolium (1919) 180; Tso, Sunyatsenia Anon., 3 (1984) 852, fig. 653; Cheng, (1889) 4 f.) number of veins in leaf > 20 mm; 1. Mischobulbum to- 2/3 of the length of the hp; hp c. lateral lobes 1. tip 4 slightly undulating at most 7. b. towards the 2 Lateral keels Lip the on lip 8 J. ed. 19 (1912) Taiwan BM, K, W). 65 Non cordifolia Tainia Hook. f. (non f.), Hook, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 5 36 (= t. (1895) 24, T. lati- folia subsp. latifolia). cordifolia Gagnepain, Non Tainia Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. ser. 2,4 (1932) [= Nephelaphyllum 706. cor- difolium (Lindley) Blume], fauriei Schltr., Taenia Nephelaphyllum Fedde simondii (Gagnepain) Simond Rep. 9(1911) Gagnepain, simondii Seidenf. 282. Bull. Type: - Mus. Natl. Averyanov, ex Vase. Stem of sterile shoot with 2-4 internodes, blade of the 2-7 by (2.0—)9.1—14.1 pseudobulb, by (1.0-)4.3-8.8 19-35 cm long, thickened slightly 2-2.6, acute, mid-vein slightly a index mm, marked 3.3-4.0, in sinus, dian keel 17-20 to half-way, general mm slightly 11-17 abaxially. thickened mm Anther 3-4 long. - Flowers wards the base. Ecology - 1. description, long; yellow Terrestrial; Distribution Notes 0 at mm, at 0 Tsang 21097 is in by 2.5-3.5 stalk 5-6 not - on 66 low mm; mm 3-4 long, long as index by 10-13 mm 1-2 mm long, long, mm, index mar- as 6.1-7, mm, index ovate, 23-24 by blade entire with 1.4-1.5; tip with 3 acute, the keels, me- ridge only, highest proximally thickened towards its distal end; the lateral from the basal part of the plate-like to lip, somewhat thickened towards its triangular, margin entire to the base of the column; column foot thecae not divided to very indistinctly 4- long. silt, sandy soil, rock; China (Guangxi, of which I have 22260 is fruit; at tip, white in swamps and Vietnam Guangdong); Taiwan; seen only remarkably small; a with spotted and a species crassum crassum apicem thickets, pink also to- steep on labelli same as Turner, a M. wrayano the on et M. to me, spec. with Dr. Seidenfaden. present species. measurements have been included in mixtum of the unknown H. (Tonkin). single drawing, together where the ranges of its provisionally a a photocopy, kindly supplied by specimens, they it is included here 56) Mischobulbum versus a long. observed in V-VII, fruit observed in VII. Mischobulbum rinis mm, (herb.). mm from the base cm obliquely glabrous; lip adaxially forming cm abaxially. Lip 16-19.5 brown; labellum yellow 3. Reichb. Orch. Herb. 12203 is 2. Petals The type material of N. simondii consists of from Ford diam. 35-65 mm 3.5-5.5 by stelidia absent; top part long, or ferent from those of the other bly by raised mm, ovary 9-13 thickened not From these it is nonetheless clear that it is the 2. Ic. Fruit cream-coloured. slopes. Flowering - Type: - (2.7), acuminate; Lateral sepals 26-29.5 denticulate; wings seam-like, extending up Colours Mischobulbum - mm decaying, 1.5-2.3 21.5-24.5 slightly curved, entire, glabrous, crest Column 8-10 mm 504. (1990) 122. Rhachis 2.5-8 long. abaxially. adaxial surface long, starting celled. Fruit 18-22 mm a ovate, outline ovate, 23-29 long, starting mm highest half-way, distal end. sepal mm Pedicel and long. straight, entire, glabrous, crest 13-20 1 2-7 long, mm index cm, 47-56 acute, mid-vein thin; margins entire, glabrous; keels mm than the bracts. Median acute, mid-vein 3.5-7 Fl. 2-7-flowered. Peduncle 16.5-27.5 longest diam. Floral bracts patent, 6-12 longer 30-95 scale of subterminal node mm, diam. Peduncle scales 2-4, the to (1950) 22 Vietn. slightly undulate; (13—)21—29-veined. Inflorescence arising sometimes gin Syn. PI. 2, ser. (holo P). 106 Pseudobulb 25-80 Leaf (holo P). Faurie 536 Hist. Nat. are very dif- parentheses. Tsang the basis of the remains of the flowers. present species (the single leaf, proba- of which nov. Fig. - cordifolio apice only labelli incrassatis, pseudobulbis longioribus some flowers are present. 35 carnoso differt. A M. integerrimo sine sinu, ca- megalantho distinguitur Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) pseudobulborumque(ut supra) characteribus carinarum B1609, Burtt & Woods in Stem of sterile shoot with Pseudobulb blade c. 16 by Rhachis c. ovary dex dex 13 mm c. 1.5 c. internodes, 18-23 at c. 5 18-19 by 14.5-15.5 mm forming 4 c. not pseudobulb, glabrous, top part abaxially. thickened 25 not c. c. cm mm sepal elliptic, sepals Petals abaxially. Colours Ecology elliptic, 19 c. 11 c. mm Altitude 450 - Only 0 longiscapum crassioribus, scapo & Smitinand Pseudobulb minal node GT pseudobulb, the c. mm Pedicel and ovary ovate, Lateral sepals Petals obliquely axially. Lip index acute, c. by 18 by c. c. ovate, blade 1.3; not c. 10 c. pollinia mm not start- lip, stelidia long, ± up to inconspicuous; the base of the observed. Fruit not observed. labellum spotted magenta. H. Turner, lateralibus incognitos (holo C, locus 70 lobis by mm 25 c. 6-10 by 3-4 nov. spec. similissimum, borneensi bicarinati mm long, mm, by three-lobed, pseudobulbis quo acutis differt. - basin Typus: (live material!), scale of subtercm, 8 c. cm index 1.5—1.7, acute long. c. in Peduncle scales long. cm Floral bracts patent, 14-18 somewhart shorter than the bracts. Median 3.5-4 mm, index 4.5-5, acute, mid-vein 19 36. Fig. - L). acute, mid-vein c. a falcatis iso 3.5-6.5 index 5 mm, general triangular 4.5-6, to index outline c. 4.8, to ovate ovate, 8-9 by obliquely triangular, falcate, abaxially. abaxially. spread, tip c. thickened ab- by rounded adaxial surface mm trian- thickened 15 2-2.5 long. sepal not when mm; 3, not not 9-10 c. mm thickened acute, mid-vein thin; margins slightly irregular, slightly papillose; papillose; long, mm undulate, somewhat fleshy. Inflorescence arising from the Rhachis mm median lobe lateral lobes 13-18 observed in IV. scapigeri 9684, Thailand, long. 18 general slightly undulating distally, entire, 6-8-flowered. Peduncle 25-35 12 c. in- outline specimen. labelli strongly 4-angled, 25 mm, mm, from the basal part of the plate-like proximally, probably persistent. Leaf blade base of the longest forte M. longissimo, slightly acuminate, margin to raised Seidenf. in Mischobulbum longiscapum Seidenfaden mm, Anther and long. known from the type Mischobulbum 8 c. thickened towards its distal end; the lateral keels curved Flowering m. mm, in- 9.5 Peninsula. Malay - by c. straight proximally, slight- crest entire; wings seam-like, extending ± 5 c. by in long. mm Pedicel and by 22.5 Leaf 10-flowered. 55 long. 20 c. c. the median keel Tepals brownish red, spotted magenta at base; - Distribution - with 3 keels, glabrous, at c. slightly margin (herb.). 1.0-1.2; tip rounded, fleshy; margins entire, glabrous; thickened towards its distal end. Column triangular, Typus: observed. long, Lateral ridge only, highest distally, ± entire, crest column; column foot Note low a diam. mm 4, the longest c. c. diam. Floral bracts patent, 5-6 index mm, long, starting highest proximally, gular long, mm diam. Peduncle scales thickened not - undulate; 17-veined. Inflores- glabrous; lip adaxially mm, ly undulating distally, multo 125 c. than the bracts. Median not attingentibus. 1.2; acuminate; margin mm long, longer non decaying, mm 2.4, acute, mid-vein adaxial surface 3. 5 c. labelli 2.4, acute, mid-vein slightly thickened abaxially. Lip blade entire, c. ovate, ing c. apicem scale of subterminal node above the base of the long, long, mm, index cm, mm cm cm 4 c. 4, acute, mid-vein c. index 8 c. 4 c. 17 c. by 13 c. arising cence Peduncle 120 c. 5 c. et carinis Edinensi cultivatus (holo E). horto botanico 11-12 to mm, somewhat slightly minutely long; tip acute; margins entire, minutely papillose; adaxial surface minutely papillose; lip adaxially with two keels, 7-8 mm long, starting Orchid Monographs 6 at 0 mm, raised (1992) plate-like from the basal part of the lip, highest half- 67 doubled slightly curved, entire, glabrous, crest way, in decreasing Column height distally. c. 4 long, mm gin slightly denticulate; wing seam-like, extending foot 6-7 mm long. Anther 1-1.5 by c. 2 c. mm; the along highest portion, gradually stelidia absent; top part truncate, up 1/2 of the column foot; column to thecae mar- 4-celled. Fruit indistinctly not ob- served. Colours brown. - Leaf dark green above, brownish glossy Floral bracts drying with weak brownish veins. keels with red Lip greenish yellow, especially tiny known from the type J.J. Smith papuana (holo S, specimen iso J.J. marmorata var. 17.5-24.5 H. Turner, Smith, scales 4-6, the bracts patent outline ovate, of the mm 16-20 0 index 2.1—3.0, column foot 7-8 not 0 mm, not long, elliptic, 15-16 by Lateral sepals 15-19 Petals ± thickened not forming crest mm 30-40 acuminate; margin 1 mm, ridge, 4.3-5.3, acute, 14—15.5 acute, 4-5.5 by general thin; margins entire, plate-like to than index 2.4-3.5, blade entire, in with 3 keels, raised diam. Floral long, longer index obliquely elliptic, abaxially. Lip pseudobulb, diam. Peduncle mm mm 5.5-7 straight proximally, slighdy the median keel in the distal part distinctly undulating thickened towards its distal end; the lateral keels 12-15 highest half-way long. mm, by 1.9-2.5; tip low (herb.). persistent, mm long, cm 3-3.5 glabrous; lip adaxially a to 2-4 long. abaxially. mm, cm Pedicel and ovary 6-12 6.5-10.5 mm, index at acute diam. mm to distally, crest Anther c. 2 by c. 2 mm; thecae mm distinctly undulating, entire, glamm up not long, to stelidia absent; top 1/3 of the column foot; divided. Pollinia not observed. - Leaves marbled. Flowers olive green; adaxial side of lip and column spotted purple. Ecology - In humid soil. Altitude 700 Distribution Note - This with undulate decided 68 37. observed. Colours with anther cap Type: Kjellberg 2939 from the base of the arising part truncate, margin dentate; wings seam-like, extending Fruit Fig. - - 1-3 long, Rhachis 4.5-5.5 adaxial surface ± long, starting at to abaxially. by mm thickened towards its distal end. Column 7-7.5 not 461. long. mm acute, mid-vein distally, entire, glabrous, brous, ovate lip only, highest distally, long, starting cm, Inflorescence mm 4-8 thickened not minutely papillose; 13—16 sepal 2.8-3.8, index 25-45 spreading, acute, mid-vein 2.1-3.0 by 2-5-flowered. Peduncle 12-20 thickened not mm, 4.3-9.3 longest to bracts. Median mm, (1933) Bot. Jahrb. 665 nov. stat. scale of subterminal node somewhat 11-19-veined. long, cm 1-3 by long. Leaf blade slightly undulate; mid-vein on green yellow; BO, L). Pseudobulb 40-60 the Crests adaxially. petals more by Seidenfaden in Copenhagen. grown Stem of sterile shoot with 4-8 internodes, 55-85 mm turning Thailand, locality unknown. - Only - Mischobulbum marmoratum (J.J. Smith) Tainia red dots and Sepals above Unknown. - Distribution 4. Ovary marking. Ecology Note below. Peduncle and rhachis purple with six brown lines. Column and column foot with yellow. a brown. to - species margin give it m. Flowering observed in XII. Sulawesi. differs from M. papuanum mainly and fewer veins. Since it is also specific status. Only in the leaves: these allopatric known from the type are mottled, with M. papuanum, I have specimen. Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) Mischobulbum 5. megalanthum Tang Mischobulbum diflorum Tainia 4, Non auct. (nom. illeg.). wrayana auct. non Pradhan, Ind. J.J. Smith: Nephelaphyllum grandiflorum Hook, Stem of sterile shoot with 2 mm, blade cm, 11.5-13.5 veined. by 5.1-7.2 Peduncle 12.5-18 3 c. mm, c. 8 c. 15 in general by index index mm, 5.5 c. c. c. elliptic, c. 0 mm, at 2 0 mm, long, mm; up thecae 16 by Notes - 2. This diflorum Rao, gran- Mischo- - (1965) J. Econ. Tax. Bot. Therefore Tang & thickened the not index abaxially. thickened 3 keels, Petals margins entire, the median keel 16 c. lip, highest distally, 15 c. 4-celled. Fruit c. 17 long; mm mm crest mm lip, highest half-way, semiorbicular, margin slightly denticulate; wings 9.5 by blade entire, thickened towards its distal end. Column c. 17 c. 18.5 c. obliquely elliptic, abaxially. Lip from the basal part of the not long. mm sepal elliptic, 1.1; tip acute, fleshy; c. with Leaf 35-60 longest Lateral sepals abaxially. (herb.). 4-8-flow- long, cm 3, diam. observed. undulate; 5-7- not 17-30 from the basal part of the Flowering m. long. mm stalk c. 5 Anther c. 6.5 seam- 2 c. by long. mm observed in III, fruit observed in VII. 206 includes several (1912) already papuanum (J.J. Agric. (1910) 21; 39 Schltr., Schltr., 1, Orch. Gagnepain, as Orch. 1, 3 Nova Guinea ed. 3 Bull. (1984) Mus. Rep., (1984) 852. (?). Natl. Hist. - M. Beih. t. 1 77B; Syntypes: Nat. s6r. 2, 4 Nephelaphyllum name (1911) M. (see gran- grandiflorum. M. wrayanum). megalanthum. 39. (1911) 98; Rolfe, Tainia - as a new Fig. - 8 (1911) 528, 854 as Schlechter Schltr. sets. Pantling proposed by Fedde ed. labelled & a new name Smith) Smith) Schltr., in papuana made Wang (1951) proposed Neerl. differently corrected this and was (1912) 127; Senghas Tainia not the bracts. Median as thickened mm, plate-like Mischobulbum papuanum (J.J. in not mm decaying, pseudobulb, originally misidentified by King Hook. f. Rolfe 5,6; Senghas 2.5-5 thickened towards its distal end; the lateral keels not indistinctly 1. Pantling Ind. long, (Hook, f.) Rolfe). wrayanum NE India, Sikkim. - taxon was Mischobulbum mm M. diam. Floral bracts patent, 7-14 long lip adaxially plate-like raised However, this combination Non 144. L Enc. Cult. Orch. & diam. Peduncle scales mm as not 14 c. glabrous; Altitude 300 - Distribution (= 192 the base of the column; column foot to very 60-85 2.7, acute, mid-vein stelidia absent; top part Ecology 6. 1-2 slightly curved, entire, glabrous, like, extending c. Nephelaphyllum - Hawkes, (1979) 242; Hedge (1890) Ind. 6 mm about long, raised straight, entire, glabrous, long, starting mm 76. (1898) 104, 1.8-2.1; acuminate; margin 5.7, acute, mid-vein index mm, at 3-6 2.3, acute, mid-vein c. outline long, starting Fl. Br. index long, cm mm adaxial surface glabrous, crest A. scale of subterminal node long, cm Rhachis 4.5-10 long. f., from the base of the Inflorescence arising Pedicel and ovary 9-10 by 8 AMES, FI, W). iso Orch. 2 (?) intemodes, Pseudobulb 55-75 by 2.5-5 mm (1951) 38, 1 (1983) 389. 2 ered. Sin. (nom. illeg.); 127 (holo CAL, 206 38. Fig. - Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. (1912) Rev. 20 Type: Pantling - Wang Phytotax. Acta Pantl., & & Tang Wang, & King Hook, f.: non Orch. grandiflorum Rolfe, bulbum 302 megalanthum J.J. papuana Bull. Von Jard. Bot. Buit. RiJmer (1932) Orch. Smith, 706 II, 944,966 (BO, [= Collabium Rev. 20 Dep. Bull. 8 (1912) not seen). papuanum (Schltr.) Schltr.]. Mischobulbum in II, lancilabium Schltr., Orch. 8 (1912) 6. - 1, ed. Schltr., - Rep., Beih. Tainia 1 (1911) 99; lancilabium Mischobulbum lancifolium Rolfe, Orch. 17469,19522,20127(not Orchid Fedde 3 (1984) 852. Monographs 6 seen, (1992) ibid. (Schltr.) Rev. 20 Beih. J.J. (1912) 21 (1923) Smith, 127. - Bull. t. 134; Senghas Jard. Bot. Buit. Syntypes: Schlechter probably destroyed during World War II). 69 Stem of sterile shoot with 2-4 internodes, 60 -150 Pseudobulb 40-105 mm 2-4 by 3.0-9.1 by index cm, undulate; 23—47-veined. Inflorescence arising 0-14 14.8-33.8 cle scales 4 (5), the 36-52 longest diam. Floral bracts patent, 3-14 the bracts. Median abaxially. mid-vein thickened usually not acute, mid-vein 2.5-4, ovate, 17-24 slightly by 9-13 usually thickened abaxially. Lip the lip 0-15 at mm, raised the keel starts, as 12-18 with 2 highest half-way distally, to 0 at ± entire by 2-2.5 distally, to not lip straight crest long, mm plate-like not thin; margins entire, or glabrous 18 to mm to long, much further up so distinctly undulating, to stelidia absent; top part divided filament remaining where the dividing septa index outline general from the basal part of the 1/3 of the column foot; to up thecae acute, mm, thickened towards its distal end; the lateral raised mm, in the median keel absent keels, 2.1-4, 4-7.5 mm than mid-vein acute, adaxial surface denticulate; wings seam-like, extending to mm; acuminate, to 1-2 long, index mm, distinctly undulating, entire, glabrous, crest column, sometimes decurrent Anther 2-2.5 3 4.2-6, not pseudobulb, long, longer mm blade entire, from the basal part of the glabrous, wards its distal end. Column 6.5-8.5 triangular, margin or highest half-way long, starting mm acute 30-70 diam. Pedun- mm cm elliptic, 14.5-20 by distally, minutely papillose; plate-like entire, sometimes interrupted, keels 1.6-2.2; tip 5-9 by Petals index mm, index mm, 15.5-24 sepals 3.0-8.5 and ovary 8-16 2.5-5 by 3-6 long, cm Rhachis abaxially. minutely papillose; lip adaxially starting 15-22 Lateral distinctly undulating to above the base of the mm long. long. Pedicel mm sepal elliptic, sometimes thickened mm (herb.). persistent, 1.4-2.2, acuminate; margin 3-9-flowered. Peduncle 11.6-22.5 long, cm (3) diam. mm scale of subterminal node somewhat mm, blade 6.5-16.8 long. Leaf 2-4 long, mm by 2-4 to- slightly to the base of the to column foot 6-7 Fruit 15-20 meet. up lip, thickened truncate mm sometimes indistinctly 4-celled, to not mm; long. only stalk 4-7 a mm long. Colours Leaves dark green - green. Flowers (purplish) whitish brown keels yellow, 13882) on entire back, - yellowish green spotted light purple or bordered by lip purple; sometimes Ecology adaxially, light column to brownish, with brown to yellowish anther Araucaria), veins edge, green purple, dark Fruit dark in Ovaries dark red veins; or lateral lobes tip, white, to yellow. at purple. some lip yellow, humus-rich soils, altitude lateral yellow, specimens (NGF spotted purple at base and green. forest (among others Castanopsis-Quercus montane on veins abaxially; base, orange blackish brown entirely purple; Lowland Himantandra and a at green forest with 60-1900(-2400) Terres- m. trial. Flowering throughout the year. Distribution Note is rudimentary, even be - Malesia: New Guinea. Pacific: Solomon Islands. The median keel - interrupted. ward, albeit usually the median keel T.G. could not specimens 70 the thickening 10998). separated tip of this lip in the more more is rather variable. In pronounced, of the in others species distal part of the not. nerve only These two lip extending in the as a proximal part. character on of the This made me decide to states group all the the basis of other characters lip assumes a anyhow) some low keel, specimens do one In not some seem lip up- specimens to be cor- collection number specimens in the it which may from the base of the be found in different combinations within even Hartley be the In others it is as a undulates, related, and may (e.g. on appearing only seen same taxon. (which In dried characteristic dark colour. Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) 7. Mischobulbum scapigerum (Hook, f.) Schltr., Mischobulbum 127; J. Linn. Soc. Bot. (1920 ) 18; Ames, 202; Masam., Schltr., Bull. 1, (1914) Br. R. Phan. Soc., Spec. 2, 4 mm 2-4 by mm, blade 9.6-13.0 long. Leaf 15-25.5 J.J. (1932) Smith, 706. Bull. patent, 5-9 sepal vein longest Low internodes, 90-110 by 5.4-9.5 long. 10.5-15 elliptic, Lateral abaxially. thickened slightly mm by slightly line mm, 11-15 5.5-7 by axially from ± keels, the half-way tally, 5-8 mm c. 2 mm, up Colours to - mm plate-like purplish, not purple; lip to yellow. Anther Ecology 250-900 - m. 8. cap Flowering - in 115; Op. A. Bot. 89 Orchid mm mm mm, to blade diam. Peduncle mid-vein slightly 1.5-2.9, acute, mid- entire, by in 3-5.5 mm, general out- slightly acuminate, thin; minutely papillose; lip at not pseudobulb, diam. Floral bracts ovate, 8-12.5 to 57-65 margin than the bracts. Median index rounded (herb.). diam. persistent, 0-1 mm, raised ad- plate-like part of the 10-11 mm lip, highest half-way long, to dis- thickened towards its distal end. Column margin denticulate; wings seam-like, c. 1.5 purple. Tepals light crests purple, tip purple spots to brown orangy dark to dull yellow, purple; tip yellowish, base orangy of column foot observed in I, V-VII, on ridge, in sandstone soil. Altitude IX, XII. Borneo. Enc. Cult. Orch. (1986) Monographs 24. - -Ipsea ? (Hook, f.) wrayana 6 (1992) Orch. Rev. 20 (1965) 302; Senghas wrayana J.J. Rolfe (Hook, f.) (Hook, f.) Rolfe, wrayanum Hawkes, - Tainia long, 1 long, starting the shade among rocks Mischobulbum wrayanum Mischobulbum mm yellow. High forest; Distribution (1912) 6; Gagnepain, straw-coloured. Leaves mottled. Scape light spots, Column white with fine purple. in (1863) observed. sheaths white with fine purple 6 (1935) straight proximally, distinctly undulating from the basal divided. Fruit not Pseudobulbs yellow 89 Mag. Bot. thickened towards its distal end; the lateral keels raised green with reddish brown spots. Flower buds veined 3-5 adaxial surface crest 8 1/4-1/2 of the column foot; column foot 7.5-10 mm long. Anther thecae mm; tip stelidia absent; top part semiorbicular, long, 3-7 long, abaxially. Lip distinctly undulating, entire, glabrous, crest extending by 0-1 at 10-11 lip, highest distally, distally, entire, glabrous, starting 8 II, long, long, longer 5.5-8 index 1.7-2.1; the median keel cm (1912) Orch. Setd. above the base of the obliquely elliptic thickened Str. 1.4-2.1, acuminate; cm 20 (1965) 302; Senghas f., index 3.5-4.3, acute, by margins entire, minutely papillose, undulating; with 3 mm mm mm mm, 10.5-16 Petals index 1.5-3, acute, mid-vein elliptic, Orch. Rev. Schweinf., Bull. Hook, Buit. Orch. C. (not seen). s.n. index cm, Rhachis 3.3-8 2.5-4 sepals abaxially. Gard. Cult. Bot. & scale of subterminal node somewhat Pedicel and ovary 9-15 long. mm ovate to thickened 32-47 Enc. Jard. Type: - 9-16-flowered. Peduncle 11-18 long, cm Ames (1921) 142; Carr, undulate; 29-43-veined. Inflorescence arising 0-8 scales 4, the 129; Nephelaphyllum scapigerum - Stem of sterile shoot with 4-5 Pseudobulb 65-90 (1911) 98; Rolfe, 1 (1914) Hawkes, A. 40. Fig. - Beih. Orch. No. (1942) 198; 851. scapigera (Hook, f.) Hist. Nat. sdr. Rep. Fedde 153; Schltr., As. Born. (1984) 3 ed. Tainia - Mus. Natl. 42 Str. J. Enum. Orch. 5390. t. (Hook, f.) Schltr. scapigerum Smith, Hook. Bull. f„ - (1912) 127; Ridley, in Schltr., Fl. Br. Ind. Jard. 41. Fig. Bot. 5 Buit. Orch. 1, (1890) 812; II, 8 Fl. ed. 3 Mai. Penin. (1924) 4 (1984) 852; Seidenf., Ic. PI. 21 (1892) (1912) 6; Cumberlege t. 2085. & Cum- 71 berlege, Hist. Bull. Nat. Smitin., & Siam 4, Orch. Thail. (1963) 159; Holttum, Soc. 20 (1965) 740, 2 Malaya 1, Fl. 550; Seidenf., Nord. J. L Bot. 2 ed. 3 (1964) 183; (1982) 214. Seidenf. Type: Wray - 235 (holo SING). Non Tainia BOL 4, wrayana auct. M. Pradhan, Ind. J.J. Smith: non (1983) 389 (= 2 megalanthum Tang Mischobulbum grandiflorum (Hook, f.) Schltr., florum f., Hook, (1932) Non (1925) 3 706. 437. Soc. 2 32 plates: -Nephelaphyllum grandiflorum (1898) 104, t. Tainia 5 Smith, Bull. sumatrana J.J. Leaf & (1911) 98. Wang, Ill, 6-9.6 5 Bull. Henderson, Gard. (1895) 23, Mus. Natl. not Pantling, & (1922) 24; long, the 30-55 longest patent, 6-11 Median mm mm Hist. Nat. long. sepal elliptic, Pedicel and 16-17 thickened by 3-4 17-18.5 axially. Lateral sepals (14) ovary long, 6-13 5.5-9.5 abaxially. Petals elliptic, (10) outline ovate, 14.5-18 general triangular, where present 7-8 c. fleshy; margins entire, glabrous (1930) 2 2-3 long, 14-17 22, 4; t. diam. mm 40-55 decaying, lateral lobes where present papillose; margins entire, minutely papillose; median keel starting straight (6) by (4) raised mm long, foot 6-10 Colours - darker parts; not with on on a a 1.5-2 tip by variegated, light Distribution m. - long. margin un- 16.5-23 cm 3-4, diam. Floral bracts long as mm, not index mm, marked sinus index to as the bracts. (1.7); 1.4-1.6; tip c. 1-1.5 2.4-3.5, median lobe acute glabrous mm to minutely long; tip rounded; with 3 the lateral keels 11-14 of the rounded, to glabrous; lip adaxially part not acute, slightly three-lobed, 1.1-1.2 adaxial surface keels, mm lip, highest half-way, the long, crest thickened towards its distal end. Column triangular, margin of the column foot 1.5-2 mm; thecae as not entire a very to slightly denticulate; narrow divided to seam; column very a green, but, especially along towards the base; yellow ground adaxially, margins hill on column both indistinctly Flowering major veins, lip pale carmine wine-red, with with banded with dark brown, bordered with the with carmine marks. forest, in shaded patches observed in I, II, with abaxially, surfaces, tip wine-red, merging abaxially pale yellow to montane the in colour. General colour of flowers yellow background yellow stripe Upper tude 850-1750 72 the (herb.). mm observed. carmine colour; - to 8 Blumea 1.9-2.5, acute, mid-vein 6-7.5 mid-vein; from the basal abaxially generally lighter carmine marks Ecology up Anther Leaves wine-red marks prevailing of the stelidia absent; top part long. mm 4-celled. Fruit centrally adaxial surface plate-like wings seam-like, extending a mm, index slightly curved, entire, glabrous, to 8-9.5 mm, mm about long, obliquely triangular, inconspicuous thickening an 0 at 11 c. 1-3 index mm, 13-16 by (8.5) by 4 129. Calc. diam. Peduncle scales mm long, mm minutely papillose; to (1914) Orch. Bot. Gard. R. 1.7-2.0; acuminate; 3-6 cm mid-vein thickened abaxially. Lip blade entire with in Str. 2, index 4.1-5.6, acute, mid-vein thickened ab- mm, by s6r. seen). Ann. Suppl. ibid. mm index Rhachis (1.5) 4-10 long. Tainia - Bull. chosen), Biinnemeijer 4043 (BO). here cm 34. t. there). see note 2 cm, & CAL, in Nephelaphyllum grandi- -J 1 dulate; 7-9-veined. Inflorescence arising ± from the base of the pseudobulb, 2-13-flowered. Peduncle 11.5-20 J. Econ. Tax. Rao, 5, Burkill scale of subterminal node (3.5) & (nom. illeg.); Schltr., 127 King internodes, 70-108 mm, 10.5-16.2 by (6.8) blade 2-3 by 1 (both (1912) Hook, f.: non (lecto BO, 7312 Stem of sterile shoot with 5 Pseudobulb 65-90 and Kunstler Jard. Bot. Buit. Syntypes: Lorzing - Beih. Bot. Gard. Calcutta (nom. illeg.); 4315 Orch. Rev. 20 auct. (= M. megalanthum Tang 144 (1943) 318. (1896) Scortechini grandiflorum Rolfe, Mischobulbum Rep. Fedde Ann. R. grandiflora (Hook, f.) Gagnepain, Tainia - Syntypes: - (1890) 192; 6 J. Linn. Ridley, atropurpurea Settl. Fl. Br. Ind. (1979) 242; Hedge Orch. 2 Wang). & on soils rich in humus. Alti- IV-VI. SE Asia: Thailand. Malesia: Malay Peninsula; Sumatra. Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) Note ly with - of the Shape only a sometimes with distinct lateral lobes, lip quite variable, marked sinus. The from Sumatra have specimens 2 only or more usual- 3 flowers in their inflorescences, those from the mainland 6-13. Van Steenis 9216 is much smaller than the other I have land, in specimens (measurements ilar. As the Sumatran given not specimens parentheses them separate in the Mischobulbum emeiensis Mischobulbum PE, not emeiensis Lang, SPECIES Lang Phytotax. Acta those of the main- to status. INCOMPLETELY KNOWN 9. but otherwise very sim- description), very similar in all other respects are Sin. 20 (1982) 185. Type: Lang, - Yang Gao & (holo 023 seen). Distribution China (Emei - Note -1 have seen Shan, Sichuan). specimens no resemble T. original publication of this taxon. The but show macrantha, a and description smaller species figure given with a in the short column and column foot. 4. Tainia Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 354; Bonplandia Beih. 1 (1857) 53; (1911) 100; Seidenf. & Enc. 5 Cult. Smitin., Orch. Plant Orch. Thail. Bot. persistent a or (1986) Fl. Jav. of one root acute to along Kew 48; Lindley, (1890) 819; Bull. leaf, in the Mus. 27. - n.s., 1 (1858) 133, t. 50, 51, not acute. - to simultaneously, resupinate. Sepals A. ed. Tainia mm on slightly undulating ± 3 (1984) Mus. speciosa. diam., each node; the sterile somewhat conical, erect, to triangular ovate, to con- some- rarely obovate, crenulate, base decurrent from the basal part of arising ovate. not pseudobulb, with the fertile shoots. Pseudobulb to Rep. Hawkes, (Introduction); Type species: slightly ovoid, rarely petals viii branched. Roots 1-3 triangular, rarely and Fedde (1932) 705; 3 (1964) 180; from the subterminal internode of the Floral bracts 4 Schltr., Orch. 1, (1828) Leaf petiolate. Leaf blade elliptic to 2, Nat. ser. ed. in acute, membranaceous scale principle alternating acuminate, margins straight cle scales tubular, Jav. 54. (1831) 132; Reichb. f., from the basal part of the last arising petiole. Inflorescence terminal, rarely lateral, rarely Orch. (1890) 192; Schltr., 6 Natl. Hist. Mitopetalum Blume, Fl. internode, erect, cylindrical the terminal internode, Sp. Gen. ibid. Bull. 26 (1971) 181; Senghas hairs. Shoots times swollen towards the base. tip t. 2,1 (1959) 99; Holttum, Fl. Malaya 1, decaying, tubular, shoots with 1 terminal sisting 5 glabrous, creeping, sympodial, usually branched, villous with with 89 (1825) Fl. Br. Ind. (1914) 129; Gagnepain, Orch. (1856) 185; 2 f., (1965) 459; P. Hunt, 852; Seidenf., Op. Bot. L.-B. Tab. PI. 36 Hook, TAINIA previous Flowers ovate to shoot. Pedun- usually elliptic most to open obovate, entire, lateral sepals slightly decurrent along the column foot, the decurrent part curved downward and around the column foot. Column semiterete, alate. Anther Lip usually without with 2 celled. Pollinia 8, rarely 6, in 4 pairs, subequal, distally in each Ecology - Orchid crests spur, 1 smaller pair theca; stipes probably always present. rarely abaxially, Fruit very slightly the 2 thecae proximally and 1 saccate. usually 4- larger pair ellipsoid. Terrestrial, rarely epiphytic. Cultivation one-third rich a - According loam, Monographs 6 to Hawkes (1965) one-third well rotted (1992) Tainias thrive well in manure, a potting medium of one-sixth shredded osmunda and one- 73 sixth treefern fibre. chopped about three weeks brightly lighted place a the rather thin inflorescence the Distribution Malesia: of the - Islands, acc. to Dockrill). Pacific: clumps best species investigated been found. Radhamoni improve should be taken that care repotted immediately result in seems to the the year, and a more after vigor- Burma; China (Yunnan, Guangdong); to acc. Sweet); Thailand; & Garay al. et thus 30-40 have been = far, complement a surmise that this (1985) Viet- New Guinea. Australia Bougainville. Chromosome numbers of 2n four are Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Java; Borneo; Ternate; (N Queensland, Note formed will are of period season. next Japan (Yakusima; Ryukyu Hong Kong; nam. into small rest fairly high throughout plants SE Asia: Sri Lanka; India; Sikkim; - is advisable. A results, although become burnt The not pseudobulbs the should be the best give to fertilizing pseudobulbs new Temperatures seems does foliage flowering. Separating ous after the immediately of the inflorescences. quality additional Regular reported of 0-4 be might a in Tainia. In three B-chromosomes special has feature of the genus. TO KEY It is advisable to consult the THE chapter SPECIES on OF TAINIA Materials and Methods before using the key for the first time. la. Lip b. Lip 2a. three-lobed entire b. on disc-like on flap, lip the thickened a Lateral keels a 3a. 13 Lateral keels at most b. 2 or the or ± straight either lip ending directly Inflorescence at 4a. Mature plant less than b. Mature plants usually (distally) slighdy undulating, simple lamellae with 15 dense a from least 2 c. 3 distincdy undulating among Inflorescence arising arising or doubled crest a cm their entire length, of laciniate 25 cm 10 node 7 the inflorescence; high, rarely smaller; leaves mottled (Ito Makino) Makino uniformly colour- ex leaves ed 5a. 5 Leaf blade index less than 3; lip longer than 15 mm 1. T. bicornis b. 6a. in 4 a high excluding over ending flaps 4. T. laxiflora well or node above mm mass over Leaf blade index higher Median lobe of the than 4; lip shorter than 15 lip transversely elliptic to (Lindley) Reichb. f. 6 mm slightly cuneate; column longer than 6 mm 2. T. dunnii Rolfe b. Median lobe of the 7a. Lip b. Lip with Column b. Column 74 column c. 3 mm long 11. T. sessilifolia Fraser five keels with three 8a. lip triangular; c. 3 7. (rarely two) mm longer long than 5 T. minor Hook. f. keels 8 11. T. sessilifolia Fraser 9 mm Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) 9a. elliptic Lip shorter than 20 ovate, to column foot shorter than mm; 3. T. latifolia Lip rhomboid-hastate, longer than 30 b. column foot mm; 3 mm Reichb. f. (Lindley) longer 10 than mm 5. T. macrantha Hook. f. 10a. Lateral keels b. Lateral keels 11a. on on Inflorescence the lip distinctly undulating 11 the lip straight 12 slightly undulating or at most ± terminal; lip obpandurate, rarely in ovate b. Inflorescence lateral; lip elliptic in outline when general 9. T. 12a. Tepals distinctly caudate; dense a among mass keels extending to up obpandurata paucifolia (Breda) ± two-thirds the length 6. to of the tip the Lip pandurate Lip 14a. ovate, Keels on to the when obpandurate elliptic or Keels 2 the ± straight or at most 14 16 pseudobulbs longer than 5 slightly undulating; pseudobulbs more than 4 c. with 3 keels wide, mm 4-5 mm least 7 at wide, with 2 keels mm Tepals distinctly b. Tepals slightly 17a. Lip 1.5-2.5 ± caudate 12. Lip ± vegetissima T. Ridley Blume speciosa acuminate to obtuse 17 shorter than 15 mm; column foot shorter than 3 elliptic, Carr purpureifolia long mm 3a. b. H. Turner shorter than long 14. T. 16a. cm obpandurata 15 no Lip flap Reichb. f. spread 10. T. b. (Blume) spread rhomboid-hastate when lip distinctly undulating; lip Hook. f. disc-like a cm Lip 15a. on in lip, ending 8. T. b. lip, ending maingayi T. 13. T. trinervis b. of the J.J. Smith of laciniate flaps covering the adaxial surface between the lateral Tepals obtuse; keels extending almost 13a. spread H. Turner spread lobes b. outline when general 8. T. rhomboid-hastate, longer than 30 column foot mm; mm T. latifolia subsp. longer latifolia than 10 mm 5. T. macrantha Hook. f. 1. Tainia bicornis Tainia Fl. bicornis Ceyl. (Lindley) (1928) 1427; Rao, 214 Tax. Bot. (p.p.); 10 Reg. (1847) Blume, Walp. Non Mus. Bot. bicornis Seidenf., Nord. Orchid Bot. Surv. Bull. Ind. 8 et al., 37; Scnghas L.-B. 2 Monographs - 6 & Smitin., 214 C. (1890) 820; Trimen, Fischer, Fl. Pres. & Fosb., (1981) 147; Seidenf., 12, Orch. Jav. Type: Clowes (1982) (1992) Fl. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 Bull. Orch. 1, ed. 1 11 (1987) (1858) 2, 2 3 (1984) (holo K, Thail. T. Ceyl. Bot. Surv. Ind. (1985) 78, figs. 4-9; Bot. n.s., s.n. (p.p.) (= Fl. 2-4 J. Econ. Tax. Schltr., f., (1966) 226; Rathakr., N. Bot. (1856) 185; Seidenf. J. Bot. 2 in Hook, Buit. II, 8 (1912) 6; Jard. Bot. in Dassan. Radhamoni (1861) 269. 42. Fig. - f., Bonplandia 5 (1857) 54; Smith, (1987) 297; Vajravelu, Misc. Ann. 6 Tainia Bull. J.J. (1972) 31; Jayaw. Forest. 98 (1982) Reichb. (1898) 169; 4 Reichb. f. (Lindley) not 1 283. 863. 134. seen; - - - Eria bicornis (1959) 104; ibid. A. 4, et bicornis Mitopetalum see under Nord. Vajravelu Ania Madras (1971) 5; 13 J. al., J. Bot. 2 Econ. Lindley, bicorne 3 Ind. Bot. (Lindley) (Lindley) Reichb. f„ latifolia Wight below). 2 (1965) 743, fig. 552; latifolia subsp. latifolia). 75 latifolia Wight (non Lindley), Ania Mus. Bot. L.-B. Ann. 6 A. (1861) (1856) 185; 2 270. Type: - Ic. 3 (1852) PI. Fl. Jav. n.s., Clowes s.n. 134. (1844) (holo K) (possibly Stem of sterile shoot with 4 internodes, 72-81 node somewhat elliptic, 14-17 74-90 decaying, by 6.9-7.5 cm, mm long. the 4, longest bracts patent 31-52 19.5-25 elliptic, ± obtuse thickened mm 2-2.5 sepals ± 19-23 by long, retuse to 1-2.5 shorter or of 9.8-10, index slightly not to 2.5-3 index mm, glabrous to starting in 0-9 mm, sometimes somewhat height distally, 12-16.5 long, starting mm ruptly, ± crest at then 0-1 raised mm, with 2 crests; thecae Colours - Tepals by mm, green; mm 10-12 by index 0.4-0.5; to minute- obliquely trianguminutely papillose long, mm sometimes increas- ridge only, and slightly to the median keel 4-18 highest half-way from the basal plate-like mm long, indistinctly lip yellow not glabrous erose, 7.2-10, obliquely elliptic, mid-vein 10-12 sepal thickened not index mm, Petals somewhat distally, to along the with 3- to an abaxial ridge. up to Anther along margin; c. lip, ab- thick- semiorbic- absent; top part 4-celled. Pollinia 8. Fruit apex, dotted red at of the highest portion, usually stelidia long, part distally, terminating slightly denticulate; wings seam-like, extending column foot; column foot 1.5-2.5 diam. Floral simultaneously. open lateral lobes low a height again doubled straight, entire, glabrous, to diam. Peduncle mm thickened towards its distal end; the lateral keels ened towards its distal end. Column 8.5-9 abaxially 2 adaxial surface keels, terminating abruptly sometimes increasing in ular, margin ± entire 3 interrupted, forming straight, entire, glabrous, usually highest half-way, with broadly from the base of mm 2-2.5 by slightly to long; tip obtuse; margins entire, glabrous; mm at entire blade outline obovate, 15-19 4-6 Pseu- than the bracts. Median 6.7-7.6, obtuse, general minutely papillose; proximally, glabrous distally; lip adaxially most abaxially. transversely elliptic, 2-3 acute, mid-vein to (herb.). undulate; thin, 41-65- long, cm 18-25 thickened slightly acuminate; margins adaxial surface obtuse diam. scale of subterminal long, arising slightly longer blade three-lobed, in abaxially. Lip ly papillose; crest Blume, f., Walp. type specimen long. Leaf not long, cm Flowers long. mm elliptic, slightly falcate, index 1.4-1.6; median lobe tip slightly 45.4-60.4 cm mm mm, mm margin Rhachis 7.9-29.3 long. mm mm, acute, mid-vein to falcate, slightly by Lateral abaxially. by index 2-2.4, acuminate; spreading, triangular, 6-18 to Pedicel and ovary 5-18 ing Reichb. the as same 4-10 Petiole 70-130 10-17-flowered. Peduncle 31.1-37.5 pseudobulb, scales lar, the 2-5 long, mm swollen towards the base, 45-69 (3 thickened). Inflorescence terminal, veined mm, Mitopetalum wightii - wightii (Blume) Eria - bicornis Lindley). dobulb cylindrical, the (nom. nud.). 914 t. (1858) 1 the 2 tip by of the 2 mm, observed. not column liberally dotted red. Ecology m. - Flowering In shade in Distribution Notes - wet deciduous forest; in evergreen forest. Altitude 900-1300 high observed in I. - Sri Lanka; S India. 1. Radhamoni et al. (1. c.) found that T. bicornis possesses 2n = 30+3B chromo- somes. 2. The of Ania type specimen somewhat latifolia Wight, herbarium in Kew, has a than found in the other specimens. Also, ovary. I did not analyse a elongate more the bracts are species is the only Tainia include it here. I have not, however, included its 1844, s.n. (9.8 by 2.2 distinctly flower from the sheet, but based and the fact that the present 76 Clowes leaf on measurements from the Lindley with less veins shorter than the the occurring cm) (29) pedicel + accompanying drawing in Sri in the Lanka, I tentatively description. Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) Tainia dunnii Rolfe 2. Rolfe, J. Tainia dunnii wan Mus. Linn. 43. Fig. - Kong (1977) 65, fig. 33; Senghas Tainia Hayata, shimadai Hsieh, Q. Taiwan J. Fl. Taiwan (Hayata) gracilis Tainia Senghas Makino Maek., F. Orch. To & Kew (holo K, 12246 Tsang Jpn. cylindrical, not 2-5 long, 1-2 long, mm simultaneously. sepal ± vein triangular not falcate, not to blade to slightly to 8.5-14 slightly 2-2.5 by thickened mm, retuse-acuminate falcate general sometimes half-way increasing distally, to lateral keels 7-10 the crest ± up to the margin tip height crest entire ± of the column 12 c. especially mm; - on stalk mm ± procera 854. diam. 2-5 - Type: long. Leaf mm terminal, arising from mm slightly to 19-60 Flowers long. ± lateral lobes obtuse to acute, mid- sometimes long, starting at at mid-vein thickened mm, 5-7.5 mm, mm, in mm 1.2-1.5; index 0.3-0.7; glabrous; obliquely triangular, slightly mm, forming a low terminating abruptly with 3 ridge only, and highest thickened towards its distal end; the raised plate-like height again stelidia from the basal part of somewhat doubled along the long, 9-15 abaxially. Lip index glabrous distally; lip adaxially 0-7 then distally, 0-0.5 obovate, to acuminate, slightly obtuse; margins entire, glabrous; acute to increasing most than the bracts. Median 6.5-8.5 by cm Rhachis 7.0-21.6 slightly obovate, falcate, ovate to not long. mm slightly to (herb.). scale of mm, obliquely elliptic obovate, 9-11 by somewhat column foot 1-2 divided 10 mm to indistinctly absent; distally, highest portion, terminat- thickened semiorbicular top part to (1992) mm 3- long. to Anther 1 by 1-2 mm, 4-celled. Pollinia 8. Fruit abaxial- ellipsoid, long. suffused purple the lateral lobes; column 6 sepals straight, entire, glabrous, foot; Tepals yellow Orchid Monographs shima- slightly denticulate; wings seam-like, extending very narrowly to c. 4 (1984) mm by 6.8-9, somewhat cuneate, 2-4 Column 6-7 not c. to sometimes with 2 crests; thecae by outline long, starting ly Colours index mm, obliquely straight, entire, glabrous, towards its distal end. truncate, Petals long; tip 3-10.5 lip, highest half-way, ing abruptly, mm Su, slightly acuminate; margin long, longer mm Lateral minutely papillose; to in mm 32-91 longest 1.5-2 densely minutely papillose, keels, the median keel Tainia obtuse; margins entire, sometimes slightly undulating, to falcate, 0.5-2.5 to adaxial surface - Petiole 7-90 2-10 patent, triangular, 3.6-6.5, obtuse, mid-vein glabrous 181; & Tainia - Kittigorchis - ed. 3 15-72 acute to index 4.3-7.3, obtuse mm, transversely elliptic adaxial surface 654. 8-20-flowered. Peduncle long, cm abaxially. thickened abaxially. index Liu (not seen). 2-4 thickened). Inflorescence 38.7-78.8 Pedicel and ovary 5-15 1.5-2.5 by 1, Orch. long, mm long. mm index 5.1-13.5, elliptic, 11.5-16 by three-lobed, in median lobe tip cm, diam. Floral bracts open 89. 1915 (nom. illeg.). 145 Schltr., in (1971) (1919) 4 (1975) 167; (1984) 854, fig. Hong (holo K). 3542 Beih. J. Tai- Orch. (not seen). Tso 22754 66-120 decaying, diam. Peduncle scales 2-3, the mm (1933) 1 Dunn Rep. 3+4 Shimada swollen towards the base, slightly pseudobulb, Type: - internodes, 19-80 undulate; thin, 23-55-veined (3-5 the base of the cm 854. 28, ed. 3 Fl. 2 Type: - Type: - Hu, Q. S. Y. Hu.Gen. AMES). 12.7-34 by 1.5-3.9 elliptic, 469. S.Y. Fedde Mus. 1, Orch. (1939) 189; Senghas Bull. iso subterminal node somewhat blade 12; Schltr., L J. Taiwan Schltr., in (1971) Col. (1984) Stem of sterile shoot with 4-5 Pseudobulb Hu, Q. (1984) 854. 3 (Hayata) Miroe, Orch. shimadai ed. 3 1, quadriloba Summerh., Tainia S.Y. 1643; Senghas var. ed. (1916) 75, fig. 11, (1955) 271; Wild Orch. 1, Orch. (1919) 180; Beih. 4 (1976) 682, fig. 8193; Sin. 5 [non Gagnepain (1932)], Sunyatsenia Tso Schltr., in Schltr., in Ic. PI. Form. 6 Mus. 5 (1978) 1109, fig. 5 laxiflora (Makino) dai (1908) 368; Schltr., Fedde Rep. Soc. Bot. 38 28,1+2 (1975) 167; Anon.,Ic.Corm. to yellow; entirely purple; lip yellow crests on anther cap suffused purple, bright reddish purple. 77 Ecology 550-850 In swampy - Distribution Notes and descriptions Miroe as a is of the (I.e.) seen figures fit the present Literature: with under see Pseudobulb recorded 33-250 mm long. Leaf acute 26-90 longest to of T. variety be mm, sepals ± falcate blade to laxiflora internodes, 51-148 elliptic kept out to mm Rhachis long. index elliptic 5.4-12, cm not 8.4-42.0 9-18 falcate, to lobe ± orbicular to falcate long, 1-2 most falcate glabrous adaxially mm, to to with 3 (2) keels, raising slightly plate-like somewhat 2-5.5 by by 1.5-3 3.5-9 mm, index 4-10, elliptic acuminate mm, to to mm to obtuse adaxial surface the median keel from the basal to glabrous (0) obtuse, mid- to 0.4-1.1; to distally, terminating abruptly, distally, entire, glabrous, to crest mm mm to long, starting sometimes tip slightly long, along indistinctly mm long. Anther 1-1.5 by the 4-celled. Pollinia 8. Fruit not mm, minute- at crest 0-7 in mm, height straight proxi- 0-1.5 mm, raised the to- plate-like in height again to slightly undulating highest part, rarely to at sometimes thickened stelidia absent; top part 1-2 to increasing distally, increasing denticulate; wings seam-like, extending up column foot 1-2.5 long, starting straight proximally, straight sometimes doubled wards its distal end. Column 5-9 entire mm distinct median distinctly minutely papillose; lip 3.5-18.5 the lip, sometimes part of lip, highest half-way, a slightly acuminate; margins entire, distally, entire, glabrous, wards its distal end; the lateral keels 6-15 not lateral lobes obliquely triangu- minutely papillose; long; tip slightly undulating from the basal part of the by acute obovate, index 1.3-3.1; 3.5-6 mm, index distally, terminating abruptly, highest half-way mally, straight margin 10-18.5 obovate, to sometimes entire with three-lobed, ovate, 8.5-18.5 glabrous minutely papillose; the Pedicel and simultaneously. elliptic 3.8-8, slightly blade transversely elliptic, falcate, 0.25-2 to 4-5, diam. Floral bracts patent mm open falcate, 9-17 by to index abaxially. Lip adaxial surface cm, pseudobulb, diam. Peduncle scales slightly acuminate; margins entire, usually slightly undulating, glabrous ly papillose; not to 2.2-9.7 by by Petiole obtuse, mid-vein sometimes thickened abaxially. Lateral 1.5-3 by (herb.). 27-92 long. mm above the base of the mm Flowers long. mm acute to triangular, to 29 - mm 1-5 than the bracts. Median sepal long, longer mm 5.8 diam. mm undulate; thin, 27-113-veined. Inflores- not long, cm 2-6 49-130 persistent, rarely obovate, ovate, to long, mm swollen towards the base, less more or Peduncle 29.3-64 sinus, in general outline elliptic thecae turn Plate 6c. Fig. 44; - acuminate; margin vein sometimes thickened what which I have laxiflora, and T. dunnii will obtuse, mid-vein sometimes thickened abaxially. Petals obliquely lar, published fragrant. slightly ovoid, slightly reflexed, triangular, 2-12 ovary 6-19 78 a terminal, 35.1-114.4 cm long, arising 4-23 (3-)7-38-flowered. refuse but the subspecies. cylindrical index 2.3-6.3, to (T. shimadai). gracilis, well. I therefore include them here. However, collections T. Reichb. f. (Lindley) the to scale of subterminal node mm, 1-2.5 species new Stem of sterile shoot with 4-5 to of T. shimadai and T. that T. shimadai is opinion are 3. Tainia latifolia cence in forest. Altitude rock; same. 2. The flowers 3-12 on Taiwan Fujian); Hong Kong; specimens no separate species. Maybe be the riverbank; in ravine on wet China (Guangdong; - 1.1 have — thicket; observed in III—VI. Flowering m. thickened truncate to tip some- of the column abaxially without or to- triangular, foot; with 2 crests; observed. Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) KEY la. Plant stout, 60 to c. Plant smaller, b. 30 to c. mm of column denticulate to (1890) 192; & Ann. R. Pantling, Ann. (1912) 6; Mitra, Bot. Gard. R. Bot. Ic. latifolia Wight, Ania Cymbidium Eulophia 5 Eria ania (1890) 821; Reichb. hologlossa Reichb. 26 182. - f., Fl. Jav. n.s., 3 5 Seidenf. iso mm, rescence 12 not (1858) et Ic. 134. al„ Taxon Bull. Jard. 4, Orch. Prelim. List 2 ibid. 1, Bot. II, Buit. Type: - (= PI. As. 3 bicornis). (1851) t. 319. Type: - Fl. Ind. Orch. (1984) 854, 856, 3 (1988) 89. Vietn. Orch. 2 (Wall. Bruce s.n. Tainia 8 (1965) 743, figs. Pradhan, ed. 6 156; King (1976) 641; Anon., 25 (1978) 93; 3 Schltr., in (1895) Mitopetalum latifolium (Lindley) Blume, - t. 914 (1861) Ann. 6 - 3741) Herb. Griffith - Mus. (holo K). 17 March s.n., Fl. Br. Ind. (1895) 24, & Smitin. Soc. Bot. 30 Seidenf. ex seen) (nom. nud.; 4.6-9.7 by 72.8-114.4 Rhachis 13-29 4-9 mm, - s.n., (Lindley) hastata Smith, 1844 Bull. Hook, Jard. Bot. f., Fl. Br. Buit. II, 8 (holo K). (1890) t. 36. - 193. Type: Reichb. (1874) Orch. 148. Tainia - hologlossa (Parish (1895) 156; Burma P. Hunt, Kew & Bull. W). iso ibid. f. & Thomson 6 (non Grant, B. (1890) 821; Hooker J.J. 270. (holo K, 5 Tainia - Griffith Type: - (1890) 822; 5 Br. Ind. Type: 302. 25. (1892) 2092; PI. 21 Trans. Linn. Parish 253 Fl. Ic. (1958) 1 (1859) Soc. Bot. 3 6 (1890) 193; (Orch. 217, (1892) Ic. PI. t. 2090; Biswas, K). Hook. f. (non Hook, f., 1889), Ann. Type: Kerr (not seen). Ic. Hort. Calc. Orch. Thail. f.), holo cordifolia Tainia - Averyanov, see Vase. 4, 2, (1965) 743, fig. 552. - mm cm cm cm, long, index 3-6 52.3-64 long. Sepals index cm and 1.3-2.2. Column Tepals greenish Vietn. Fl. 1 (1990) mm mm diam. long. 156. (herb.). - Type: Poilane 7-23 mm long. petals a 3 (7) mm Peduncle scales the longest of with dark red veins to top part entire to outline Inflo- pseudobulb, 53-73 mid-vein sometimes thickened general by long. Leaf thickened. above the base of the distinct sinus, in margin Pseudobulb 63-92 Petiole 65-250 2.3-6.3, 51-113-veined, long, arising (44) Syn. PI. 6). also note scale of subterminal node 81-130 (57) Colours to 130. blade three-lobed, sometimes entire with by top part H. Turner (1890) 820; Orch. Burma Orch. Thail. Congr. Ind. Sci. 15; Averyanov, (1852) (1890) 193; 21-38-flowered. Peduncle Lip of AMES). longipetiolata (P, 6 Fl. Br. Ind. f., Calc. blade 15.5-42.0 long. 1 (1851) 343; Stem of sterile shoot 90-148 3-12 30-flowered; veins; margin Smith, J.J. Smitin., 8194; Vij t. Proc 65th (1831) Orch. Reichb.f., Type: Hook, (holo K, 32787 & Hook.f., Gard. bicornis 295 than Fl. Br. Ind. 5 Grant, B. 142; & (1982) 214; Senghas Bot. 2 Sp. 35; t. Seidcnf. (1976) 682, 5 J. Proc. Linn. f., Walp. (1989) 169. 29 R. Bot. Tainia less subsp. elongata (J.J. Smith) t. (1898) 103, (1986) 35, fig. Fl. PI. E. Ind. Hook, cordata Tainia 8 Ic. PI. Ind. Or. 3 ibid. Parish khasiana Taxon Tainia f.) (1972) Tainia Gen. Lindley, hastata (1912) 6; Mitra, Eria 60 c. margin subsp. latifolia (= Griffith 5288? K). 1837 Ind. Sin. J. Griffith, Notul. sp. 1 1099; Biswas, (1856) 185; Bot. L.-B. 2 Non high, cm (1857) 54; Hook.f., 5 (1895) 23, (1958) 301; Bot. 89 latifolia Lindley, 1 Calc. Nord. fig. 655; Seidenf., Op. 5, Calc. Ind. Corm. (1977) 215, fig. 4 (1979) 243; Seidenf., Ania b. erose Gard. Fl. PI. E. 553, 554; Anon., Hain. 75 to c. than 20- more 50 veins; c. a. leaves with less than latifolia (Lindley) Reichb.f., Bonplandia Tainia high, cm than latifolia subsp. a. slightly 70 c. more denticulate inflorescence up long; than more leaves with mm; slightly to high; cm. less than 60 pseudobulbs than 60 longer of top part of column entire SUBSPECIES THE inflorescence high; cm flowered; pseudobulbs TO mm abaxially. elliptic, 8.5- slightly denticulate. dark chocolate-brown, lip pale cream white. Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) 79 Ecology - In forest. Altitude 500-1500 m. Distribution observed in II-IV, VII. Flowering NE India; Sikkim; Bhutan; Burma; China (Yunnan); Thailand; Laos; Viet- - nam. Notes 1. - however, Vij 2. The According al. et specimen with a distinct sinus. 4. on on longitudinal ridge a and lip of this However, since they on the abaxial side of the column. incomplete are give not to them and very separate in specimens are more s.n., similar measurements the other to having thickened seven pronounced. Khasia has Hills) subsp. latifolia. only It conforms substantially different, they are entire an status. in all other characters and I therefore decided subspecies khasiana); from Reichenbach's Orchid Herbarium have specimen Wherever its status. ( T. latifolia smaller inflorescence than usual in a and T. 32 of T. khasiana (Hook. f. & Thomson holotype the description separate = (T. latifolia). the underside of the leaf blade. Of these, three 5. The keels 40 20617 differs from the other Kingdon-Ward veins = in all other characters, I decided specimens 2n (1978, 1980) counted 2n from China has 3. Parish 253 and the lip Biswas to (1976) the give not to are two to it included in parentheses. 6. Seidenfaden presently b. subsp. elongata Tainia elongata 368; Bakh. 108. Tainia - f., J.J. Smith, J.J. 32 (J.J. Dep. Agric. Bull. Jard. (1968) 291; Senghas Joseph Smith, Bull. Jard. Bot. (1933) 161; Senghas by 2.2-6.0 35.1—72.5 cm long, arising cm 18.2 and of long. Sepals outline elliptic in Colours - white to yellow Ecology - — to 1. - 2. The type description petals dark pinkish, f., 3 ed. latifolia Plate 6c. 18; Koord., Blumea Exk. Suppl. 1 Fl. Jav. (1937) 50; (1984) 854; Comber, 1 (1911) Backer & Orch. Java (1990) 5 1, (1922) 25; cd. 3 2-4 long, (1984) mm mm diam. long. Ill, Suppl. ibid. 854. - Type: (herb.). the longest mid-vein not thickened (1930) mm pseudobulb, (3) mm abaxially. Lip mm, 22, 5; Fedde (BO). long. Leaf blade thickened). 26-63 t. 198 Pseudobulb 27-56 by Petiole 33-88 above the base of the mm 2 Jacobson Inflorescence 7-27-flowered. Rhachis 5.8- long. blade three-lobed, in index 1.7-3.1. Column margin erose. rhachis green purple; lip white sometimes with to to purplish; pedicel brownish; purple spot m. sometimes purple pinkish, near base at ovary green; base; column adaxially. observed in IV, VI-IX, XII. Flowering Sumatra; Java. by 7 figure to Comber 4. Some collectors (1990) in W Java a variety exists with very long per- mm. specimen and Fig. 44; - (1910) 43 Bakh. obovate, 8.5-18.5 by 4.5-7 of T. tenera is it is clear that it 3. Sometimes the column has 80 Ill, Orch. Peduncle scales purplish; to According sistent bracts 80 Neerl. (1912) 6; In forest. Altitude 550-1250 Distribution Notes Buit. mm 4-12 long. to Peduncle nov. Schltr., Orch. 1, in Schltr., top part denticulate to slightly tepals greenish-brown stat. of T. specimen into synonymy here. index 2.6-5.8, 27-55-veined (3 cm, Peduncle 29.3-58.6 general Ind. scale of subterminal node 49-74 mm, 8.4-20.6 cm 8 aberrant an 1910 (BO). s.n. Stem of sterile shoot 51-81 3-8 II, Bot. Buit. as longipetiolata H. Turner, Smith) Smith, Bull. Fl. Java Type: tenera J.J. Rep. Poilane 32787 regards I therefore tentatively sink T. (pers. comm.). note a badly damaged. However, must be the low abaxial that this species has same as from J.J. Smith's the present original species. ridge. a fetid smell. Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) 5. The has leaves with (Sarkat Danimihardja SD2318) from Sumatra specimen a very slightly undulating margin. 6. According 4. Tainia laxiflora laxiflora (Ito Tainia (Ito 132; Ohwi, ex Makino) Makino, Mag. Tokyo ing 19; t. 1, Orch. Maek., F. 3 (1984) ed. (1909) 138 406. Syntypes: 1909 Hu, Q. S.Y. Schltr., J. Taiwan Orch. Masam., 1, ed. J. Geobot. 28, Imai 14. Tainia - 49 Liu 6.7-11.1 elliptic, less more or the base of the persistent, 1.3-2.0 by 42-45 c. 11.7-35.9 pseudobulb, cm long, long, 1 to diam. Floral bracts patent, Pedicel and ovary 6-11 obovate, 11.5-14 by 1.5 Lateral sepals axially. obtuse mid-vein , 11-13 by three-lobed, in cate, lobe 2 to thickened not mm, 0 mm, outline abruptly and a 3 low by 6-7 mm, the highest distally, in crest mm Column 5.5-6 mm long, not long. Orchid Anther and Monographs 6 23 (1955) Tashiro s.n. pollinia (1992) not Mus. 8 (1955) 271; lateral lobes 2 c. by mm long. 11 mm 2-5 diam. (herb.). Pseu- mm, mm with 3 keels, scale of subter- long. Leaf blade sometimes not absent; top part to Flowers 0 observed. Fruit tip 2 mm, to open simul- thickened abacute to obovate, strongly fal- thickened mm, not cm sepal elliptic index 5.5, abaxially. Lip blade index 1.2—1.4; median plate-like distally, not 1-1.5 minutely papillose proxi- the median keel 6.5-7 mm long, start- then terminating thickened towards its distal highest half-way, sometimes mm, crest truncate the most cm tip slightly acuminate; margins straight, entire, glabrous, at from Rhachis 2.2-8.3 obliquely triangular, falcate, sometimes raised long, starting long. by adaxial surface glabrous; in piyananensis (Fukuyama) obtuse, mid-vein index 0.4-0.5; denticulate; wings seam-like, extending up mm mm thickened towards its distal stelidia var. obliquely elliptic height again distally, terminating abruptly, highest part, glabrous, long, 17-41 acute to Petals glabrous; ridge only, end; the lateral keels 4.5-8 creasing Makino slightly obovate, 8-9 by 6.5-7 adaxial surface forming ed. 2 (1978) 1108; Senghas 5 than the bracts. Median long, longer abaxially. J. Taiwan Taiwan triangular, strongly falcate, long; tip obtuse; margins entire, at in [accord- 2-6-flowered. Peduncle 9.5-27.6 3-8 triangular, mm mally, glabrous distally; lip adaxially ing 231 All. 1907, s.n. Petiole 10-35 index 5.5-6.5, ± acute, mid-vein general Chrom. slightly acuminate; margin longest index 7.7-9.3, mm, elliptic transversely elliptic, entire, glabrous; mm c. Bot. 10a, b; Senghas (1905) 1 Ryukyus Matsuda, thickened). Inflorescence terminal, arising long, mm mm long. mm 1-2 mm diam. Peduncle scales 2-3, the taneously. Orch. 4 (1964) (not seen). 4148 index 4.4-6.5, cm, 11-17-veined (1-3 slightly undulate; thin, Fl. laxiflora (Makino) Type: Fukuyama - Su, & swollen towards the base, 10-13 cylindrical, slightly minal node Enum. Beih. 9 Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo Hara s.n., Univ. Tanaka & Wylie, & (1935) 294; Hsieh, Q. Stem of sterile shoot with 4-7 internodes, 17-23 dobulb Ito ex C. Darl. 1909, Shinagawa s.n. R. Jpn. 2, Ind. PI. laxiflora Oreorchis (1975) 167; 1+2 854. (1974) 21 - laxiflora (Makino) 151; t. (1974) 15, 107, fig. Isl. Ryukyu laxiflora Makino, Mag. Tokyo Bot. Mus. (1984) 3 1887, s.n. Orch. Calanthe - (1971) 376, Rep. Fedde Kanazawa (1965) 65; Nackej., Bot. 40 Col. Rep. Sci. (none seen). piyananensis Fukuyama, Tainia 854. Jpn. J. Jpn. Sweet, & Ascotainia - Tashiro s.n. Orch. nud., not seen], nom. (as synonym). (1909) 1909, Makino Wild Plate 6d. Fig. 45; - (not seen); Masam., 335 Tanaka, R. (1972) 43; Garay 85 to Makino - malati is used for Angkrèk name Mag. Tokyo 23 (1909) 138; Schltr., BoL (1940) 11 Jpn. (1965) 351; Fl. (1971) 15, Schltr., the (1937), Makino) Makino ex (1919) 180; Miduno, Cytologia 1 den Brink van in Sundaland (Sumatra). species this Bakhuizen to in- straight, entire, doubled along end, slightly converging distally. to semiorbicular, margin entire to of the column foot; column foot 1-1.5 not observed. 81 Colours Leaf - Ecology Distribution Notes 2. According 2n (1972) give 3. I have that it is the of this 5. the present 36+1-4B; however, R. Tanaka & = but from the piyananensis, Masamune species. macrantha Hook. f. macrantha Bull. Jard. 28, Beih. PI. macranthum 8. - Type: (1889) 19 II, 8 (1912) 6; dobulb Tutchcr, & Contr. Orch. Fl. (Hook, f.) Rolfe, Orch. Schltr., in Ford 153 1, Orch. by decaying, 4.0-6.6 ed. Gen. cm, 40-53 60-105 mm index Rhachis spreading, triangular, to seems clear variety level mm 2.8-7, Laos, Cambodia, Rev. 20 slightly falcate, Petals thickened 21-22 mm, median lobe than long. 2-3 3 c. Flowers mm long, cm thickened margins entire, glabrous; Hu, Q. S.Y. (1975) 1 Smith, J.J. (1912) 264; Schltr., J. List Taiw. 106. Ic. Corm. Sin. most 5 Mus. Mischo- - (1976) 681, Orch. Vietnam. mm, open 2 (herb.). Pseu- scale of subter12.2- above the base of the mm 2, c. the longest diam. Floral bracts patent mm simultaneously. 35-36 sepals ± Pedicel and 5-13 by elliptic mm, to ovary index triangular, to index 2.8-4.1, acute, mid-vein thickened abaxi- general by 3 c. Lateral 10-22 18-20 mm, undulate; thin, 45-59-veined not sepal elliptic, by elliptic, 3-5 diam. long. Leaf blade elliptic, mm 1 c. blade three-lobed, in to by mm diam. Peduncle scales abaxially. 34 1.4-1.5; margins entire, triangular, 10 Prelim. 3-5 long, mm 2-flowered, arising c. long, cm 10-12 by ovate abaxially. Lip index mm (slightly) 34-41 obliquely Ser. Vietnam (1912) 127; Anon., Petiole 22-50 than the bracts. Median long, longer acute, mid-vein Add. (1933) 378; I.-C. 6 36 (1903) 21; Soc. Bot. Bull. (1984) 852; Averyanov, 3 long. terminal, more 4-9 Linn. 2.4-6.0, acuminate; margin Peduncle 22.7-27.1 long. mm J. Kew swollen towards the base, 71-95 (3 thickened). Inflorescence pseudobulb. ally. reduced it (holo K). cylindrical, slightly minal node 8-11 it description (l.c.) already 1860; Rolfe, L Dunn Stem of sterile shoot with 5 intemodes, 91-120 24.5 Matsuda 46. Fig. - (1919) 181; Gagnepain, Fl. 4 8192; Senghas (1988) f., Ic. Buit. (1975) 167; Seidenf., 1+2 bulbum Hook, Bot. Rep. Fedde t. material of T. seen same as 2n (1965) 0-9B. + species. Tainia Tainia T. dunnii. to R. Tanaka 36 = 1 note to not observed in IE, V. Flowering Taiwan; Japan (Kyushu, Yakusima, Ryukyu). - 1. See - variegated. In thick forest. - ± 12.5-13 adaxial surface mm, glabrous mm, index 1.5-3.4, acute, mid-vein outline rhomboid-hastate, 30-32 to minutely papillose proximally; index 1.4-1.5; tip lateral lobes glabrous; by acute triangular, to 4-5 acuminate; mm long; tip obtuse; margins entire, incurved, glabrous; adaxial surface glabrous; lip adaxially with 3 keels, the median keel 17-29 mm straight, entire, glabrous, rarely starting way, at 0-7 mm, raising plate-like gradually decreasing sometimes slightly long, starting thickened in height thickened narrowly by 3.5-4 mm, Colours Ecology 82 - - up to the abaxially tip towards the proximally and Flowers reddish 1- 2 crests; to dark mm, tip part of the of the distally. foot; forming a low ridge only, the lateral keels 20-26 lip, mm lip, highest proximally crest the crest long, to half- straight, entire, glabrous, Column 10-11 margin denticulate; of the column with 0-11 from the basal sent; top part semiorbicular to truncate, very at throughout; mm long, stelidia ab- wings seam-like, extending column foot 11-15 mm long. Anther 2-2.5 thecae undivided. Pollinia 8. Fruit not observed. purple. In the shade in dark gorges. Altitude 950-1050 m. Flowering observed in VIII. Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) Distribution Note noted 6. forming Tainia of this low Linn. II, Mai. Br. R. As. (1927) 270; cylindrical subterminal node 105 with decaying, index 4.2-5.5, acute; margin 27-36 28.5 long, 2.5-7.5 cm Flowers long 4-5 mm 1 mm long, 1, the bracts. as Fl. Mai. Blumea (1984) ed. 3 (1907) 115; 1 Ic. ally. 4-6 Petals - Type: Maingay persistent veins giving mm from the base of the diam. Floral bracts patent, usually thickened ovate, 50-61 ovate, 29-38 8.0-11 mm, abaxially. Lip index flaps 6.5-7.5 by proximally, ate tate mm (85) by mm 4-5.5 mm, 5-7 mm, entire truncate lateral keels 5-7.5 highest distally, thickened starting a 6 ed (?). tip. or as 45-66 (9.5), caudate, glabrous, base with mid-vein 12-14 auricles; with by ad- a mass of up to 6, unequal, Monographs in a Fruit 6 at crest truncate (6.5) to with ending raised outer mm 2 1.5 by c. smaller, at in a dentate of lacini- 0-1.5 on keels when long, stelidia den- mm, raised papillose flap; the the median lobe, glabrous distally, present thickened to flaps; lip thin laciniate plate-like c. 2 mm long, proximally, ending absent, abaxially with a semiorbicular, margin denticulate; wings narrowly the base of the column; column foot 2-4 c. to laciniate of laciniate papillose proximally, the a mass straight, entire, densely straight, glabrous, 9-12 proximally, a mass long, starting crest mm, flap; 1.5 mm, lateral ellipsoid, 23-24 by (1992) mm proximally, 0-1.5 laciniate Column Anther in bud Pollinia 6-7 with obliquely trapezoidal (to triangular), densely packed straight, entire, densely flap distally. stipes present (?). Orchid long. (15.5), triangular, general outline rhomboid, lateral margins entire thickened highest distally, seam-like, extending on index 9.1-12.2 densely packed lateral lobes highest distally, long, starting longitudinal ridge; top part callus Rhachis mm shorter than long, cm, terminal, long. 12-24 rounded; margins laciniate to adaxial surface the median keel distally, mm crest mm, laciniate in basal part entire, acuminate tip (to acute); proximally, ending at 3.2-4.5 Peduncle 24.5- mm ovate to index 5.6-6.8 mm, three-lobed, adaxial surface 3-5 keels, proximally, glabrous in index 1-1.5; the median lobe, on by minutely papillose proximally, densely packed distally, glabrous; long; tip with plate-like scale of mm, appearance, 35- bristly triangular, 14-19 3 diam. (herb.). mm pseudobulb. ovate to J. ed. between the lateral lobes among which the keels end; median lobe rhomboid, distally, glabrous; adaxially 4-6 by blade flaps proximally, glabrous distally; 2-3.5 Malaya 1, Fl. (holo K). 1668 26-39 Buit. 17.4), caudate, mid-vein usually thickened abaxi- 1.2-1.8, margins of axial surface of the basal part laciniate a Bot. Henderson, M.R. 13.9-22.7 longest Pedicel and ovary index 8.2-12.3 (> mm, Jard. undulate; thin, 47-67-veined. Inflorescence not sepal the shoot 2094; Ridley, L Bull. 4-5 long, long. Leaf blade elliptic, mm diam. Peduncle scales 4, the Median obliquely Smith, (1924) 114; 4 caudate, mid-vein usually thickened abaxially. Lateral sepals ± (> 87) by (1892) PL 21 J.J. (1943) 313; Holttum, 5 854. Penin. internodes, 33-35 simultaneously. open most lip. 6 (1890) 193; ibid. Penin. Smith, long, 3-10-flowered, arising cm cm small fourth keel could be a conical, swollen towards the base, 13-25 by 2-4 Petiole 15-35 long. mm to Mai. J.J. Stem of sterile shoot with 3-5 Pseudobulb flower from the base of the (1890) 822; Orch. one 47; Plate 7a. Fig. - Mater. Fl. Schltr., in mm In fleshy. (1914) 129; Ridley, Orch. Soc. 5 (1964) 182; Senghas 10-13 Fl. Br. Ind. 5 32 (1896) 316; Soc. (1912) 6; Schltr., 8 at Hook.f. maingayi is rather species ridge maingayi Hook.f., Tainia J. a Vietnam. China (Guangdong); - lip The - abaxially ones 4 and 1 mm; mm long, with double without crests; thecae larger, stalk 6-8 median mm one to not divid- each theca; long. 83 Colours with Leaves rather - ple base, keels with violetish with small open forest open patches at violetish; bracts lighter to the base; petals white, acid sands, and in dry, rather low and on with grasses and Gleichenia on soil from sandstone and shales. Altitude and sepals cream-coloured with violetish pur- tip; lip column cream-coloured. purple blotches; Terrestrial. In mossy forest - purple purple, greenish and margin with cream-coloured purple Ecology Inflorescence dark green. darker veins; flower buds dark slighdy violetish pale 600-1500 (180-240) m. derived probably observed in Flowering II, V-XII. Distribution Notes lector since T. men T. as is speciosa can tentatively them in 7. more less or minor 1, R. Fl. Br. Bot. Gard. Fl. PI. E. Chatteijee, Orch. f„ Hook. Ann. 6; Mitra, Ind. 9 Nucleus (1984) ed. 3 Pseudobulb Ind. Calc. 854. more 13-23 elliptic, - (1898) 8 177 mm Type: less 1-2 mm vein to mm, index obliquely elliptic 7.5, obtuse, elliptic, to persistent, 2.6-5.6 to 9.5-14 by 71-104 index cm, papillose speci- more keels. I have added specimens, 3-4, mm, index cuneate, 3-5.5 by Jard. 28, 1+2 2 the mm falcate mm, II, (1975) 167; 3-4 long, mm 39-87 25-66 mm 3-6 by Petiole 45-75 mm long, longer index ± to 5.2-7.3, not & Schltr., in diam. (herb.). mm, scale of mm long. Leaf undulate; thin, mm long. usually most 10.5-17 by three-lobed, to by mm, in open sepal 1.5-2.5 Petals abaxially. 2-3.5 cm acute, mid- slightly to thickened 11.5-17 blade Flowers than the bracts. Median obtuse 2-8 long, cm Rhachis 7-18.3 long. median lobe ± orbicular index & (1912) long, arising cm elliptic, falcate, falcate, 8 Sharma (1979) 241; Senghas terminal, 22-48.6 abaxially. Lip 1.6-1.9; 4-6 2091; King 5-16-flowered. Peduncle 15-32.5 longest mm, t. Bot. Buit. G). long. mm (1892) PI. 21 Bull. Mus. Orch. iso acute, mid-vein thickened usually Ind. patent, triangular, 3-18 slightly to Taiwan Ic. 3.3-5, acuminate; margin internode, obovate, slightly 6-8 J. abaxially. Lateral sepals obtuse mid-vein slightly Hu, Q. Smith, J.J. swollen towards the base, Pedicel and ovary 5-20 5.4-8, (1890) 193; 5 internodes, 74-112 diam. Floral bracts thickened 6 141; t. 35517 (holo K, obovate, 12.5-18 by 1.5-2.5 usually ibid. 102, S.Y. Clarke (4) diam. Peduncle scales simultaneously. elliptic this in the much and the lip the other by set (not seen); Pradhan, slightly or by (1890) 821; 5 above the base of the terminal long, however, and maingayi, specimens median lobe of the (3-5 thickened). Inflorescence 37-63-veined 2-4 than T. species 48. (1958) 302; 1 (1966) cylindrical, subterminal node tic triangular Fig. - Stem of sterile shoot with mm identified by the col- was present species, parentheses. Pantl., blade of the from the other considerably fall outside the range measurements Tainia minor Hook. f. Tainia flowers, but petiole be mistaken for any other hardly 1905 deviates the tepals, no included here. 2. O'Brien Nov. caudate den Brink 7156 has van It has the much shorter speciosa. Wherever its Borneo. Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Java; - 1. Bakhuizen - index 4.3- general outline transversely ellip- 0.7-1.1; tip obtuse; margins entire, gla- brous, sometimes undulating; adaxial surface minutely papillose, sometimes glabrous dis- tally; lateral lobes slightly brous 0 84 mm, acute; obliquely triangular, slightly falcate, margins entire, glabrous; distally; lip adaxially with 5 adaxial surface keels, 1.5-2.5 mm long; tip obtuse to minutely papillose proximally, gla- the median keel 9-13.5 mm long, starting at raised plate-like from the basal part of the lip, increasing in height monotonically, Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) then terminating abruptly, highest distally, rarely proximally, the base of the median lobe, 0 at raised mm, plate-like from the basal part of the sometimes even lobe, of the median mm, raised plate-like thickened in increasing keels outer from the base of the median lobe, straight, entire, glabrous, in lip, decreasing 1-4 straight, crest long, mm somewhat mm start- the base at doubled again, mm tip with 2 of the column - Ecology 2400 crests; thecae comute Colours to Shady places in - Distribution Notes 1. - not Tepals yellow Flowering m. column foot 1.5-2 foot; to distally, stelidia divided. Pollinia8. Fruit dull brownish green, deep forest and on Anther 1 not 1-2 by up to abaxially mm, observed. lip yellow. the margins of thickets. Altitude 1800- observed in V-VIII. India; Sikkim; Burma; China (Yunnan). NE - long. mm at long, absent; top part semiorbicular to truncate, margin entire; wings seam-like, extending the the along long, starting highest half-way Column 6.5-8 throughout. towards height height height straight, entire, glabrous, crest thickened towards its distal end; the highest portion, crest then interrupted, terminating abruptly, highest half-way, 7-10.5 in decreasing height again distally, thickened towards its distal end; the lateral keels 9-13.5 entire, glabrous, ing somewhat in increasing 210 has Pantling distinct a longitudinal ridge on the abaxial side of the col- umn. 2. Sharma & According 8. Tainia et - Typus: T. reported al. (see under T. H. obpandurata differt. have Chatteijee (I.e.) Radhamoni obpandurata a Tainia riformi to Turner, spec. nov. paucifolia petiolo breviore, Rahmat si Boeea cylindrical, sistent, 70-84 5.2 cm, mm 51-75 index 2.9-6.8, acuminate; the base of the 4-6, the to pseudobulb. by ± mm, index 10-12.5, elliptic, slightly falcate, abaxially. Petals column foot, ly. Lip 3.5-6 to by minutely papillose; acute to 22-25 2.5-3 Rhachis mm long. median keel 9.5-11 by 2-2.5 to Orchid Monographs 6 cm Flowers mm, 2-3 long, erose, blade (1992) diam. more elliptic, 2-4 long, most mm 1 (herb.). less or 13.7-21 by per2.3- thicken- mm above diam. Peduncle scales mm open AMES). diam. Floral bracts simultaneously. Pedicel sepal elliptic, 20-25 decurrent along index 6.2-8.8, acute, mid-vein thickened abaxialin general c. 9 by undulating, glabrous; outline c. 5.5 12-13.5 by obpandurate, mm, index adaxial surface c. 1.6; tip glabrous 0.25-1 present obliquely triangular, to mm acu- sparsely long; tip adaxial surface glabrous; lip adaxially with 3 keels, the long, starting mm mm iso index 9.2-12.5, acute, mid-vein thickened at 0-1 mm, distinctly undulating, entire, glabrous, lateral keels 8.5-11.5 long, 8.5-16 40. pandu- labello (holo L, triangular, slightly falcate, slightly mm, lateral lobes when mm mm Asahan 10-12-flowered, arising 14-25 cm or acuminate, mid-vein thickened abaxially. Lateral sepals minutely three-lobed, obtuse; margins entire, glabrous; crest long, 36 = 36+0-4B. undulate; thin, 25-45-veined (3 not index 2.3-3.4; median lobe ovate, minate; margins slightly imally, 112-145 long. Leaf mm = (non laierali) et Parhorasan, Dolok 2n 49. Fig. somewhat shorter than the bracts. Median obliquely elliptic 18.5-22 blade entire mm, long. 5-27 probably inflorescentia terminali Peduncle 18.5-24 mm long, mm cm this is scale of subterminal node mm, margin 26-34.5 reflexed, triangular, and ovary 5-22 2 24-41 longest 2-3 Petiole 22-67 long. ed). Inflorescence terminal, patent by chromosome number of 2n - 10356, Sumatra, Stem of sterile shoot with 4-5 internodes, Pseudobulb a bicornis) long, starting at 0-1.5 forming not mm, a low ridge only, highest prox- thickened towards its distal end; the raised plate-like from the basal part 85 of the lip, highest proximally, distinctly undulating, entire, glabrous, crest towards its distal end. Column 7.5-8.5 stelidia absent; top part long, mm margin slightly denticulate; wings seam-like, extending column foot 2 Anther 1 long. mm 4-celled. Pollinia 8. Fruit Colours Ecology ellipsoid, purplish. Stem - 1.5 by 22 c. abaxially mm, by 7 c. 11 c. mm streaked Montane rain forest. Altitude 500-1000 - semiorbicular, of the column tip with 2 crests; thecae stalk mm; pale greenish Flower buds the to up m. thickened not foot; indistinctly long. purplish. observed in III, Flowering VI, VII, x-xn. Distribution Notes - Sumatra. - 1. The holotype instead of the usual 2. Vernacular 9. Tainia paucifolia (Breda) Tainia (1968) 291; (1856) 185; Blume, (1861) Fl. Jav. Blume, Fl. bescens Mus. Bot. 270. R. As. Bom. Tainia Soc., Spec. Senghas Tainia latilingua J. Linn. Soc. II, Buit. Smitin., A. Orch. f., Schltr., in ed. 3 1, - not Fl. Br. Ind. 5 2, Enc. Cult. 1, 3 node, rarely Orch. (1984) Seidenf. & mm blade long. Leaf 4.7, acuminate; lateral, more - Type: Smitin., cm pseudobulb, rarely cm cm ers not Bot. L.-B. Smith, J.J. Type: - J. Str. Br. Enum. Phan. Ic. Breda. Ned. Kruidk. Bot. ex Ann. Orch. Java (1911) 368; Ames, (‘plicatum’). ru- Reinw. f., Walp. (1935) 199; Masam., 3 (1890) 193; 6 2-5 Fl. persistent Holttum, Arch. 3 Pays-Bas 5 (1854) (1862) 187; Binnend.) Miq., & 4 (1892) Smith, Bull. (1924) 114; Malaya 1, Fl. ed. (1986) 37, fig. 9f, Bot. 89 2093; Ridley, t. 3 Jard. Bot. Seidenf. & (1964) 183; 16; Senghas in (759b?) (holo CAL). one mm 75 (p.p.!) (= long, 2-4 Ania mm penangiana). diam. (herb.). from the subterminal inter- of the intemodes lower down, scale of decaying, ovate or J.J. Penin. usually arising from to Mai. 2,1 (1959) 101, fig. mm, or Ic. PI. 21 (1907) 115; 1 internodes, 53-260 50-140 mm long. Petiole 100-350 obovate, 10-27 by 3.0-8.8 cm, index 2.3- undulate; thin, 37-175-veined (3-9 thickened). Inflorescence long, 4-40-flowered, arising from 0-43 mm above the base of the from the subterminal intemode of the sterile shoot. Peduncle 15.8-40.2 mm diam. Peduncle scales long, 1-2 mm diam. Floral bracts patent open 1 Ann. Horticult. Penin. Scortechini Orch. Thail. by (1896) 285; (1853) 492; Ind. 5 (p.p.!); 75 1-4 most ibid. Fl. Mai. long, simultaneously. bracts. Median 86 less 854 8, Mus. Reichb. Mitopetalum fimbriatum (Teijsm. - (1890) 822; elliptic, rarely margin 26.5-67 Settl. (1965) 459; Seidenf., Op. 854. 31-83 or Bot. 31 Fl. Java 3 Mitopetalum - paucifolium (Breda) Exk. Fl. Java Str. Ned. 741. Soc. 3 (1984) ed. (1859) 3 paucifolia (Breda) (1914) 129; Ridley, Orch. Ind. Bat. f., designated. from the upper internode subterminal node Bull. Bakh. (‘pauciflora’).-Octo- 108 Eria (1857) 54; Witte, (1959) 101, fig. 1 cylindrical, 5 Mater. Stem of sterile shoot with 4-5 Pseudobulb 1, (1984) 854. Type: 32 (1896) 315; ed. J. Linn. Backer & (1990) Dendrobium 139; Koord., t. Orch. f., Bonplandia 674. Thail. latilingua (1909) Fl. - - (1912) 5; 8 Orch. Java Mitopetalum plicatum Blume, - (errore). 51 t. 5. 51; Miq., t. Binnend., Natk. Tijdschr. Orch. Hook, Orch. Tainia Reichb. Bot. (1829) t. (as synonym). 185 Atl. (1912) 6; Schltr., 8 Hawkes, Schltr., Non Fig. & (1859) 3 3 (1921) 142; Carr, Gard. No. Schltr., in Fl. Ind. Bat. Orch. (1858) 1 Buit. II, Bot. (1971) 182; Comber, (1858) 134, 1 (1856) (1942) 217; Senghas (‘Taenia’); Jard. Plate 7b. Fig. 50; - plicata (Blume) Ridley, Java fimbriata Teijsm. 400 Sp. Gen. Jav. n.s., Tainia - Bull. Bull. 26 n.s., L.-B. (1905) 184; Orch. Smith, J.J. Kew paucifolia Breda, meria 2 Hunt, P. dalan. Hapias J.J. Smith (Breda) has three terminal leaves only pseudobulb from AMES, however, is normal in this respect. specimen Si gapang tano, names: paucifolia is unusual in that its The one. sepal elliptic to 4, the Pedicel and obovate, to longest 21-40 mm long. Rhachis 4.3-28.5 reflexed, triangular, 4-23 ovary 13-25 by 10-20 2-2.5 mm long, mm, mm about as long. long index 4.8-12.5, Orchid Monographs Flowas acute 6 the to (1992) acuminate, mid-vein gular acuminate, mid-vein to not to by thickened index mm, obovate boid, to slightly 6.5-11 to by 2.5-3.5 Lateral 2-3.5 by Petals abaxially. index mm, entire 3.5-7.5 proximally, entire falcate to 3.5-8.5 by to erose adaxial surface minutely papillose; obliquely triangular, slighdy glabrous (6) 8-13 mm long, starting highest half-way, at 0-1 straight crest distal end; the lateral keels glabrous falcate, 1.5-3.5 mm, sometimes 7.5-12 (5) raised mm stelidia absent long, ± entire; ally crests; thecae with 2 Colours - glossy bright Leaves sometimes with Ecology - to Distribution with a m. up distinctly to green; pedicel crimson 0-1 in rich soil in sur- raised lip, distinctly to towards its plate-like from distinctly undulating, entire, crest truncate to slightly triangular, margin 1/3 up the column foot Anther 1.5-2 the base up to 1.5-2.5 by greenish speckled crimson, rarely not tip abaxi- observed. with crimson; dark red (Java), on the to mm, lip white side-lobes; column pale adaxially. sometimes in shady places, observed in I, Flowering mm, of the part slightly 4-celled. Pollinia 8. Fruit near swampy areas. Malesia: Malay XII. III—VII, X, SE Asia: Thailand; Vietnam - at and ovary with patch adaxial towards its distal end. Column 7-10 to long. mm obtuse the median keel from the basal base, sometimes suffused pink near bright 3 keels, slightly thickened, especially top part pale pink spotted Primary forest, Altitude 30-1200 1.5-4 divided not marked reddish yellow yellow, inconspicuous; column foot foot; tepals pale yellow-green to or rhom- to tip slightly obtuse; acute to minutely papillose; to half-way, to wings seam-like, extending narrowly of the column long; tip mm long, starting lip, highest proximally not mid-vein lateral lobes minutely papillose; to plate-like glabrous, sometimes slightly thickened, especially mm obovate, acuminate, index 0.6-1.2; mm, slightly undulating proximally, to undulating distally, entire, glabrous, the basal part of the ovate to to outline elliptic, 9-14.5 general slightly minutely papillose; lip adaxially to acute to 4-8.5, acute distally, slightly undulating distally, margins entire, sometimes slightly undulating, glabrous face index mm, trian- (obliquely) ± sepals obliquely 3.7-8.2, blade three-lobed, in abaxially. Lip transversely elliptic, or abaxially. 11-21 1.0-1.6; median lobe variable in shape, orbicular, elliptic acuminate; margins glabrous thickened slightly not to falcate, strongly to 12-24.5 slightly falcate, thickened slightly not to elliptic, slightly to (according to Averyanov). Peninsula; Sumatra; Java; Borneo. Notes 1. In - specimen one 2. According to Carr purpureifolia Carr, Gard. Senghas in same Schlir., Orch. 1, Bull. (I.e.) found the on same shoot; in another, Str. Settl. 854. the flowers 8, 3 (1935) 199; - are fetid. Type: Carr 3-4 internodes, Masam. Enum. Phan. Born. (= 3150 14-22 mm SF c. 4.2-4.9 index by 1.3-2.3 strongly crenulate, cm, left 28 margin mm not or (midvein thickened). Inflorescence the base of the c. 3, the Orchid longest pseudobulb. c. Monographs 22 6 mm (1992) long. 1.9-3.5, Petiole 3-14 acute; long, 2-4 mm terminal, 11-17.5 cm Rhachis 0.7-4.5 cm long, cm diam. mm, (herb.). scale of sub- long. Leaf blade elliptic somewhat to ovate, thickened, right margin somewhat only slightly crenulate; Peduncle 10.3-13 long. mm margins (1942) 217; 26597) (holo AMES). Pseudobulb cylindrical, slightly swollen towards the base, 9-16 by 2-4 terminal node persistent, two Plate 7c. Fig. 51; (1984) ed. 3 Stem of sterile shoot with - were internode. Backer & Bakhuizen f. 10. Tainia purpureifolia Tainia leaves two inflorescences emanated from the fleshy, 13-15-veined long, 1-2-flowered, arising from 1-2 long, mm 0.5-1 diam. Peduncle scales mm diam. Floral bracts 87 4-10 patent, triangular, c. 3-10 mm index mm, elliptic long, slightly acuminate, straight mid-vein durate, 8-11 by thickened 2-4 glabrous; adaxial long, starting at straight to index mm, surface 0-1.5 by abaxially. Lip raised blade entire, in acute slightly undulating, entire, glabrous, the lateral keels 4.5 long, starting mm the lip, highest half-way, ed towards its distal end. crest straight 0-1 at Column 2.5-5.5 mm long. Anther 1.25 by Colours dark Leaves - pinkish margins and purple the apex. Anther Ecology - Tainia Tainia Lower - 43 cm Flowers c. long, most (?), c. stalk 10 c. with purple amethyst-purple. Tepals white, tip pale purple, suffused to white with 3 (1890) petiole not not 187. - Type: moss. dark large a purple spot abaxi- Altitude 1250-1350 m. Flow- observed. 34-flowered. Peduncle and mm ± simultaneously. Pedicel mm, c. > mid-vein c. 1.7; tip adaxial surface c. 23 c. acute; c. c. a low ridge only, 9 mm not by c. by c. 5 mm, not long, mm long, c. acuminate. about as 30 4 by c. c. 3; lateral lobes median lobe Lip c. 12 mm blade triangular, undulating, obliquely triangular, falcate, the median keel c. long, starting at c. 1 c. 24 > c. by 5 with 5 c. Orchid Monographs 3 the long; keels, crest the lateral keels c. near 1.2-1.5 mm mm, by three-lobed, incurved lip adaxially slightly undulating, entire, glabrous, thickened throughout; as in- 4.2, acuminate, margin thickened abaxially. index long mm, thickened abaxially. Lateral index margins entire, glabrous, slightly 5.9 cm, observed. Rhachis sepal triangular, mm, 28 thickened). Inflo- slightly thickened abaxially. Petals obliquely ovate, 15 glabrous; c. > not 8-10 9-10 mid-vein 5.5 (c. scales c. (holo K). al. s.n. 35-veined peduncle Median by 8, acuminate, mid-vein outline ovate, index c. and ovary undulating wings. et Leaf blade elliptic, diam. Floral bracts patent, ovate, obliquely triangular, falcate, index Charlesworth undulate; thin, 7.5, acuminate, margin slightly undulating, forming 88 with 2 small mm; blackish entirely or tip obtuse; margins entire, glabrous; adaxial surface glabrous; to or 2.5 by 52. Fig. - Gard. World 7 with 3 distinct, general tip; c. open slightly undulating, mm, or forest, in leaf litter and sessilifolia Fraser erect bracts, sepals in greenish-yellow salmon-pink 4.7, acuminate; margin c. > rescence c. without 12 c. Borneo. Stem of sterile shoot and 3 top part truncate, of the column foot; column abaxially ellipsoid, thicken- cream. montane sessilifolia Fraser, index dex absent; not observed in III, X. Distribution the mm, tip midvein. Peduncle and rhachis paler purple towards the base. Column near ering c. the to mm lip, highest half-way, from the basal part of plate-like stelidia above, purple beneath, green greenish-yellow suffused purple. Lip 11. (ob)pan- long. mm ally 0.75-1.25 up 2-celled. Pollinia 8. Fruit indistinctly crests; thecae acumi- thickened towards its distal end; not long, mm margin entire; wings seam-like, extending narrowly foot 0-0.5 outline ovate, to slightly slightly undulating, entire, glabrous, to to the median keel 4-4.5 keels, raised mm, to general from the basal part of the plate-like ± acute slightly acuminate; margins entire, to with 3 lip adaxially obliquely elliptic index 4-4.2, obtuse 1-2 by sepals index 5.7-6, mm, Petals 7-13.5 Lateral abaxially. 1-2 by triangular, to thickened abaxially. mm, 2.7-2.8; tip glabrous; mm, sepal elliptic 7.5-11.5 falcate, 2-10.5 thickened distinctly 3-4 to Pedicel and ovary simultaneously. open distinctly distinctly distinctly falcate, to nate, mid-vein crest ± most the bracts. Median as ± obtuse, mid-vein 5.6-6.7, triangular, to slightly long as Flowers long. mm all straight 12 6 mm (1992) long, starting the throughout; 1 at c. keels outer straight crest mm, 7 C. 4 at c. mm, crest Column throughout. c. 3 part triangular, margin entire; wings seam-like, extending up column foot c. 3 4-celled. Pollinia distinctly Colours 12. Only - Tainia Tainia - Blume f., Bonplandia (1890) 822; Ridley, Smith, J.J. Pen. Orch. Java Seidenf. (1961) & Fig. Smitin., Bot. (Blume) Blume, (1859) 674, un- the column foot; half-way without crests; thecae in- brown. lip on Atl. Mat. 137; L (Bot.) 2, 1 2 25 (1959) 104, t. 4, Thail. (1856) 185; Orch. 5 II, 77; Smitin., 2 8 (1927) 270; Soc. Schltr., in Java 1 f., Walp. 107. Smith, 1, Rep. 32 Siam f., (1957) 1 Soc. (1984) 856, ed. 3 20 Fl. Java 3 656; t. Mitopetalum speciosum 50; Miq., t. (1861) 6 Bull. Smith, Fl. Mai. Fedde Malaya Fl. Hist. - (1858) 134, Ann. J.J. (1908) 328; 38 Bot. Backer & Bakh. Orch. (1990) Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1912) 3; Ridley, J.J. Nat. (1965) 737; f„ (1901) 23; Soc. 35 Linn. (1831) 132; Orch Hook. (‘Tainea’); Holttum, Fl. Jav. n.s., Reichb. J. BuiL Jard. Bot. As. Soc. (1976) 30; Senghas 1 Br. R. As. Sp. Gen. 3 (1883) 515; (1907) 114; (1955) 2 48; Lindley, t. Gen. PI. J. Str. 1 Bull. 10; Comber, t. speciosa (Blume) Eria - 1, Nat Mai. Mus. Bot. L.-B. 741. Pen. Smitin., Orch. (1986) 28, 89 f., Hook, J. Mai. Br. R. Orch. Thail. Seidenf. & (1825) PI. + & Fl. Mai. (1909) 2 Plate 7d. (1896) 316; Soc. Bot. 32 Thail. Forest. Bull. (1968) 290; Soepadmo, Seidenf., Op. slightly to stelidia absent; top observed. not greenish white, keels Tab. Benth. Henderson, M.R. (‘Tainea’); 60 (1825) 354; (1857) 54; 5 J. Linn. (1933) 160; Smitin., 182; ± to abaxially mm, straight long, type specimen. Fig. 53; - (1905) 181; Ridley, (1924) 114; 4 1.5 c. mm Unknown. speciosa Orch. Java by observed. Fruit known from the speciosa Blume, Bijdr. Reichb. not 1.5 c. Leaves dark green; flowers - Distribution Note Anther long. mm thickened slightly undulating, entire, glabrous, long, starting mm thickened dulating, entire, glabrous, to 269. - Fl. Ind. Bat. 3 Type: Blume s.n. (holo L). Stem of sterile shoot with 4-6 intemodes, Pseudobulb (herb.). mm, 300 cylindrical, scale of subterminal node 2.6-9.0, cence blade long. Leaf mm acute pseudobulb. the longest 17-57 ing to ± 9-18 mm mm, 15-45 ovate to triangular, long, index up to 24-46 from base up 18-27 by 6-15 to by ± mm, long. entire, usually distal end; mm 7.9-18.5 mm by Lateral 2-4 long, Flowers 3-7 sepals thickened mm, mm 1-3 6 (1992) cm, 0-7 mm 145— index ovate to above the diam. Floral bracts open simultaneously. sepal triangular, ovate 45-68 from base up to ± index 6.7-13, caudate, mid-vein to spreadPedicel triangular, from base up by 2.5-4 mm, half-way. Petals usually thickened saccate; blade entire, in glabrous distally; at adaxial surface general outline with 1-3 0-1.5 keels, all mm, crest when present 6-16.5 mm mi- usually minutely papillose forming straight minutely papillose proximally, glabrous distally, Orchid Monographs 1.8-5.4 2-7 by 1.8-3.8; tip acuminate; margins entire, undulate, long, starting the lateral keels diam. diam. Peduncle scales 3-4, mm most abaxially half-way. Lip slightly index mm 40-82 undulate; thin, 21-51-veined. Inflores- long, cm 4-7 Petiole (39) long. (1.2) shorter than the bracts. Median proximally, glabrous distally; lip adaxially 14-20 35-98 base, (19) 10-29, caudate, mid-vein thickened abaxially tip. nutely papillose proximally, median keel not long, (2) mm long, (1) 4-10-flowered, arising mm 14.1-21.3, caudate, mid-vein abaxially ovate, cm 50-100 persistent, elliptic, (5.7) Rhachis 3.6-22 long. mm half-way, rarely index to less Peduncle 12.5-44 cm reflexed, triangular, 35-58 by 2-4.5 to ovate 17.5-63.5 terminal, (14) (4) more or (32) swollen towards the slightly acuminate; margin to base of the and ovary slightly not to a low ridge only, the slightly undulating, thickened towards its long, starting at 1.5-7 mm, crest 89 straight, entire, usually minutely papillose proximally, glabrous distally, wards its distal end. Column 5-9 lose column foot 2.5-5 distally; 1.5-2.5 1.5-2.5 by 2-celled. Pollinia 6 Colours to greenish to dull 8 (see cream of purple lines; tip ple or Stalks and - mm 1). Fruit note sometimes long, with 2 abaxially mm, divided to Anther indistinctly Anther cap yellow. and veins; sepals petals greenish with yellow with bluish pur- two crests. Ecology - Terrestrial, 1249) epiphytic. on in leaf tertiary granodiorite, In evergreen forest, upper Sands litter, rarely (SAN 83237, forest. Altitude 400-1700 m. Flower- montane observed in IV-Vm. ing Distribution Notes and a 1. - SE Asia: Thailand. Malesia: - denfaden); Java; Sumatra Malay Peninsula; larger distal the lateral 2. One 6 pollinia laterally one and are found: each theca contains single, large a this median one case from specimen Wherever its them in In one. 3. Anon. pollinium Malaya (Ridley with one s.n. 1936 Jan 8.6 and cm) purple', but by set smaller proximal groove pair of pollinia to the other be split in Sei- one medially. similar to two. small. unusually was I have added specimens, for T. 2 (1856) 185; Fl. Jav. n.s., petioles. Reichb. 1 mixtum: the inflorescence is the The label the leaves maingayi f. (Blume) Reichb. f., Bonplandia trinervis a than in the other material I have - 5 Fig. are (up seen species T. as present 35 to by maingayi large. very 54. (1857) Fl. Jav. the gives 54. Mitopetalum - (1858) 135 (Urinervium'); Miq., vium’).-Mitopetalum parviflorum Blume, n.s., 1 (1858) trinerve Fl. Ind. Bat. t. 3 Blume, Mus. Bot. (1959) 7411(‘triner- 54G (errore). - Type: Korthals (holo L). parviflora Schltr., Schltr., Orch. seen, Rep. Fedde Dockr., N. 1, Fedde Beih. Queensl. ed. 21 Natur. Rep. Beih. t. (1923) lost during World War subterminal node long. Leaf blade thin, undulate; Austr. mm 100; J.J. Cloud & Indig. Orch. Res. Smith, Orch. 1 Nova Guinea 12,3 (1915) 197; Dockr., N. Queensl. 1 Natur. to internodes, (1989) 136. 38-73 somewhat persistent, elliptic, 9.5-26.7 by 2.9-8.1 33-61-veined (3 120 (1958) 1; (1969) 260, fig.; Senghas - in Schltr., Type: Schlechter 20132 (not II). long, mm 3-6 mm 70-97 cm, mm index long. diam. (herb.). mm, scale of Petiole 30-135 2.3-7.2, acute; margin thickened). Inflorescence terminal, 28.0-69.6 from the base of the diam. Peduncle scales 3-4, the long, 1-3 135; slightly swollen towards the base, 30-68 by 3-6 decaying 11-25-flowered, arising mm (1911) 1 no. Austr. Stem of sterile shoot with 2-5 cylindrical, 39, Club (1966) 7; 3 (1984) 854; Clements, probably Pseudobulb 1-4 a 1911, Gunong Tahan) s.n. probably larger short only even 13. Tainia trinervis (Blume) L.-B. is (SING) much are have to seem and adds 'fls. Tainia a a transverse indeed found was fall outside the range measurements but the leaves s.n. to parentheses. species, Tainia (according Borneo. Usually only The groove probably indicates that it is formed by the fusion of 90 en- Leaves dull grass green. Flowers white purple. Column pale lip yellow. not ± observed. with crimson yellow ground margin to- minutely papil- minutely papillose distally. crests; thecae large not dull pseudobulbs of the column foot, sometimes tip the to stelidia absent; top part truncate, long, mm tire; wings seam-like, extending up thickened not diam. Floral bracts patent pseudobulb. longest to 28-66 Peduncle 24-41.5 mm long. spreading, triangular, mm not cm long, cm long, Rhachis 8.1- 29.6 4-11 mm long. cm Flowers Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) the bracts. Median tuse, mid-vein 8-11 not 1.5-3 by Petals Pedicel and ovary 7-18 simultaneously. several open sepal elliptic thickened abaxially. Lateral index 3.3-5, mm, obliquely elliptic to dex 4.3-7.3, obtuse, mid-vein general outline elliptic, 2-3.5 orbicular, 6.5-8 4-5 by 1-2 median keel 3-7 mm in keels 5-7 forming a mm ± on part 0.5-1.5 the median lobe, truncate proximally 2 crests; thecae 8 distinctly in to lateral lobes obliquely with 3 keels, the a disc-like flap, highest distally, sometimes doubled raised plate-like 1 mm, then forming a disc-like mm, over from the basal part of the plate-like c. and in- mm, three-lobed, 1.2-1.6; median lobe ± triangular from the basal part of the decreasing in mm Anther 1-1.5 long. 2-4-celled. Pollinia 8. Fruit 1-1.5 by in- straight throughout, stelidia absent; top up by the to tip abaxially mm, c.28 ellipsoid, crest thickened long, mm lip, height, abruptly flap, highest distally, Column 3.5-5 distally. crest the lateral distally; semiorbicular, margin entire; wings seam-like, extending to abaxially. 1.5-2 by blade abaxially. Lip raised mm, throughout, the column foot; column foot 0.5-2 c. thickened not 8.5-11 falcate, slightly undulating proximally, straight distally, entire, glabrous, sometimes doubled index 5.5-8.3, ob- mm, triangular, slightly falcate, to usually minutely papillose; 1-5 at callus triangular fleshy creasing again to at than longer to tip acuminate; margins entire, glabrous, height distally, forming long, starting as usually minutely papillose; lip adaxially thickened straight, entire, glabrous, 1.5-2 usually to long as slightly obtuse; margins entire, minutely papillose, acute to long, starting lip, abruptly increasing index mm, 0.4-0.8; index adaxial surface rarely glabrous; 5-6.5 by mm, long; tip mm falcate thickened not adaxial surface rarely minutely papillose, triangular, usually by sepals elliptic mid-vein obtuse, triangular, slightly long, mm 9-12.5 triangular, to 10 c. mm; of with stalk long. mm Colours Leaves dull dark green above, sometimes mottled, green below. - the petals olive-yellow, median lobe lower keels petals yellow heavily with suffused yellow tipped purple, broad crimson streak. a lateral lobes purple, upper keels yellow. Sepals and yellow, rarely red, streaked purple, rarely Column purple. base Lip Anther yellow, cream, crests purple. Ecology - Montane ridges, Castanopsis, Lithocarpus forest, and Araucaria forest, growing 1200 m. Distribution Notes tend both In ed one at this — Malesia: Moluccas (Ternate); New Guinea; - according 1. In 1.5-2 mm Fl. specimens and the keels Jav. states n.s., 1 on slight (1858) or were distinct very small, two also to lip, 0.5 135]. was found J.J. Smith has intended."] Sumatra. The Ternate in the Moluccas. I mm minutely papillose specimen suspect No other most that longitudinal ridge minutely papillose at c. (Tandike, Korthals, top. Sumatra is lected from Java shade. Altitude 450- Bougainville. the column. Sometimes the probable type specimen that the Tandiki op Sumatra Tandiki a adaxially along from the base of the 2. The label of the L!) deep Australia (North Cloud & Dockrill). specimen (LAE 64078) specimen, s.n., to some abaxially dominated rain Syzygium observed in VII-XI. Flowering Queensland, and in leaf litter and peat in of on near schets parallel the to of this to ex- fleshy. margin. trinerve Blume Tandite' [see is species In lip. (Korthals also Blume, bedoeld de Sumatra)." ["Probably occurrence was appears seen rather calluses could be observ- "Waarschijnlijk specimen westerly sylvis be can the base of the Mitopetalum Java 'in added: an error from and lip has berg the mountain been col- ever hitherto recorded made and have therefore reliably not is included Sumatra in the distribution of the species. Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) 91 Tainia 14. vegetissima Ridley vegetissima Ridley, Tainia Bull. 8, Str. Settl. (1964) 188. 2 J. Linn. more or less times index cm, 11-15-veined. patent, triangular, 8-16 mm ally. 11-18 11.5-13 margin 10.5-15 by 2-2.5 slighdy 7.5-9 by 19-27 long. Flowers index mm, thickened mm, index broader the column foot; column foot 1 Colours - Leaves mm near long. with lip edged in moss - mm entire, mm crest long, 4 mm diam. Floral bracts Pedicel and ovary 1.5-2 by slightly in index mm, thickened abaxi- 2-2.5 mm, at index outline general 1 mm, 4-5, pandurate, adaxial raised sur- plate- straight, entire, glabrous, not stelidia absent; top part truncate, the column foot, Anther yellow, c. diam. Peduncle obliquely elliptic, slightly long, starting mm some- fleshy, c. 1 mm centre by not c. extending 1.5 mm, up to the abaxially tip of without observed. crimson. Flowers pale yellow close- crimson. Borneo. Gagnepain angustifolia Gagnepain (non s.n., Pierre s.n. Distribution Note - gustifolia. arising - Vietnam Gagnepain Ania f.), Fl. G6n. I.-C. 6 (1933) 383. - Syntypes: Eberhardt (Annam; Cochin-China). same node as two as collections from Indochina which he referred having petiole-like pseudobulbs, the leaf, and angustifolia. However, identity SPECIES Fig. Benth. & Hook, described He describes these from the — KNOWN (not seen). five keels. I agree with Seidenfaden 92 margin forest. Altitude 1000-1250 m. Flowering observed in V, Malay Peninsula; Tainia angustifolia Tainia true ovate, 2.4-5.8 somewhat mm 11-14 ± (herb.). the top part of the column, sometimes broad- along INCOMPLETELY as ed. 3 IX. Distribution 15. blade shining purplish brown, petioles Ecology -Terrestrial, VII, sepals observed. Pollinia not observed. Fruit lined with crimson; 1 long, acute, mid-vein 1.5-2.5 ened towards the base of the column and ly 1 long, sepal elliptic, abaxially. Lip thickened towards its distal end. Column 3.5-6 not one simultaneously. Lateral diam. 1-4-flowered, arising cm cm open lip, highest half-way, margin entire; wings seam-like, Gard. Malaya 1, 1.4-1.6; tip obtuse; margins entire, glabrous; like from the basal part of the crests; thecae mm long. Leaf blade slightly falcate, 8-12.5 by with 2 keels, glabrous; lip adaxially long, cm 13-24.8 5.2-6.5, to Fl. scale of subterminal node only slighdy crenulate, most abaxially. mm, mm Rhachis 3.2-5.6 long. 1-3 long, mm somewhat thickened, not or Peduncle obliquely elliptic, straight acute, mid-vein Petiole 5-20 terminal, mm mm (1924) 114; Carr, 4 (holo BM). than the bracts. Median long, longer Petals face long. acute, mid-vein thickened 5.5-8.5, falcate, mm pseudobulb. 4-10 Mai. Penin. (1942) 217; Holttum, 3 intemodes, 22-31 the other Inflorescence the base of the scales 4, the longest 5314 1.6-2.7, acute; margin strongly crenulate, above c. Fl. Enum. Phan. Born. slightly ovoid, 11-17 by 1-2 16-33 persistent, 1.1-2.2 by cylindrical to (1908) 328; Bot. 38 & Robinson Stem of sterile shoot with Pseud.obu.lb Soc. (1935) 72; Masam., Type: Wray - 55. Fig. - not [Op. an seen (1986) 32] these that these specimens, I to T. an- the inflorescence entire obovate-rhomboid Bot. 89 having with spurred lip cannot cannot be the with same tell what their is. Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) 16. Tainia elliptica Fukuyama elliptica Fukuyama, Tainia Distribution Note might 17. - Bot. Mag. Tokyo 49 (1935) 293. Type: Fukuyama - (not seen). 4540 Taiwan. - I have material of this seen no be either T. dunnii or T. from the species; and distribution it description latifolia subsp. latifolia. Tainia flabellilobata Tso Tainia flabellilobata Tso, Sunyatsenia Seghas in Schltr., Distribution Note - Orch. ed. 1, 1 Tainia seen (1984) 854. Masam. Type: - Distribution Chun J. Taiwan 28, Mus. 1+2 (1975) 167; (not seen). 42727 to but the author species, which it may "Near T. states: latifolia possibly belong. Masam Humbert, in Masamune s.n. seen no Syst. Not. (1937) 38; Senghas 6 Schltr., in Orch. 1, ed. 3 (TI). material of this inflorescence arises from the further character states are 7 lip Hu, Q. S.Y. Taiwan. - Note -1 have ovate-rotund 144; Type: - material of this no gokanzanensis gokanzanensis Tainia 854. China (Guangdong). - I have Hook. f. and T. hastata Hook, f.", 18. (1933) (1984) 3 5 by of the tip bracts 2 spur 2 mm, species. The pseudobulb, mm mm. original description mentions character a long, pedicel This does state not and ovary resemble not 1-5 any that the in Tainia; present cm long, Tainia or three-lobed Ania treated in this paper. 19. Tainia hennisiana Tainia hennisiana completely 20. (Schltr.) P. species known Tainia parvifolia Hunt, of Schltr., Distribution cannot 21. Tainia seen be made Tainia ed. out Ania 1 (1933) 146; 854. (1971) 182. S.Y. Type: - Type: Hennis s.n. (1911). (See under in- Hu, Q. J. Taiwan Mus. 28,1+2 (1975) 167; Senghas Ko 51493. (Lindley) Hook, f., - Hook. Ic. PI. in (1889) Schltr., description and distribution laxiflora. f. 1883. promensis (Lindley) Schlir., promensis (Lindley) Senghas Note -1 have and from the species, whether it is T. dunnii or T. Ascotainia Distribution - material of this no promensis (Lindley) - 26 Tso 3 (1984) promensis (1833) 181. Bull. Kew China (Guangdong). - Note -1 have it 1, Orch. Hunt Ania.) Tainia parvifolia Tso, Sunyatsenia in P. (Schltr.) Orch. - Eulophia promensis Lindley, Fedde 1, ed. 3 Rep. Bcih. (1984) 4 863. (1919) - Type: 246 Gen. Sp. Orch. (‘Ascotaenia’).- Wallich Herb. 7365. Burma. seen drawing given by Orchid Monographs only a microfiche of the type material of this Hooker f. it does 6 (1992) not seem to be a species, Tainia. Hooker f. gives but from the the number of 93 pollinia he 4; however, as flower he was able study. to part "a dense granulate covered with that he is states The truncate sheath. It (Ania) angulata (Reichb. f.) Benth. (Ania) angulata (Reichb. f.) Tainia 165; not Hunt, P. Kew Bull. Eria = an carries f., I.e.) on and the only the broadest pseudobulb is Ania if the number of is 8. pollinia Kränzlin ex Engl., in angulata Pflanzenr. Orch. Mon. Dendr. f., Reichb. Flora (1872) 55 2 (1911) Type: 275- designated. Distribution India. - E2. Tainia balansae Gagnepain balansae Gagnepain, Tainia 181. be in the complete were SPECIES Benth. ex Kranzlin (1972) 26 pollinia calli" (Hooker might EXCLUDED E1. Tainia that the sure distinctly spurred spathulate lip cluster of curious-looking a not Seidenf., Contr. Orch. (1984) 854. - Type: (1977) 217, fig. Distribution - Bull. Fl. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Cambodia, Laos, Balansa 1998. = sdr. Vietnam Collabium 2, (1932) 706; 4 Fl. Gen. I.-C. 6 (1975) 105; Senghas (Rolfe) chinense Schltr., in Tang Wang & (1933) 379; Orch. 1, in Fl. Hain. ed. 3 4 1101. SE Asia: China (Guangdong); Thailand; Vietnam (Tonkin). Malesia: Malay Peninsula. E3. Tainia barbata Lindley Tainia barbata 326. Lindley, Distribution - beccarii beccarii s.n. Fedde - 26 R. As. Bull. (1911) 9 (according Mus. 338. Soc., Spec. (1884) (II) - Benth. Benth. ex Kranzlin No. (1971) 181; Senghas Distribution 680. (Lindley) Rolfe, Orch. Rev. 23 (1915) to Averyanov). - Natl. Hist Syntypes: 2, Nat. s6r. Beccari (1932) 4 1682, 1945; 706. = Hewitt Nephelaphyllum s.n. 1908; Brooks - in Type: ex in Kranzlin in Engl., Pflanzenr. (1921) 142; Masam., Schltr., Linden Orch. s.n., a 1, Engl. ed. 3 Orch. Mon. Dendr. Enum. Phan. (1984) 854. live plant, probably Born. = no Eria 2 (1911) 165; Ames, (1942) 217; bigibba herbarium P. Hunt, Reichb. f., Kew Gard. made. Borneo. E6. Tainia borneensis 94 Eriodes barbata Borneo. bigibba (Reichb. f.) Chron. Tainia Rep. bigibba (Reichb. f.) Str. Br. Bull. = 1910. E5. Tainia J. 68. (Schltr.) Gagnepain (Schltr.) Gagnepain, Schltr., Distribution Tainia (1857) Vietnam India, Burma; E4. Tainia beccarii Tainia Gard. Chron. Type: Griffith 5297 (holo K). - borneensis Ridley, Ridley J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 49 (1907) 32. - Type: Hewitt 15 (holo K). Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) Distribution Note - Borneo - (Sarawak). The materialof the in Kew is very badly deteriorated. However, it type specimen is clear from the remains and also from the cies as Ania borneensis pseudobulb, cuneate in Tainia, but with as with lip saccate Bot. Plocoglottis [see Seidenf., Op. E7. Tainia borneensis Tainia = inflorescence arising acuminate 89 the not It tip. a same from its base and in might belong spe- cylindrical an Plocoglottis ob- sect. (1986) 69], (Schltr.) Gagnepain (Schltr.) Gagnepain, Bull. borneensis 13526. velvety a elongated an that this is original description It has one-leaved sterile shoots with (Rolfe) Senghas. Hist. Mus. Natl. 2,4 (1932) Nat. ser. 706. - Type: Schlechter Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 373. Distribution - SE Asia: Bhutan; Burma; Thailand; Vietnam (Tonkin). Malesia: Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Java; Philippines (Palawan). Note Based - (1906) 301], on which borneense Schltr. Nephelaphyllum was shown by Van der Burg (in ms.) Herb. [Bull. to be the same Boiss. N. as ser. 2, 6 pulchrum Blume. E8. Tainia Tainia - chapaensis Gagnepain chapaensis Gagnepain, Bull. Syntypes: 5148, P6telot Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat 5165. = Collabium ser. 2,4 (1932) 707; Hayata, formosanum J. Fl. G6n. Coll. I.-C. Sci. 6 (1933) 378. Univ. Tokyo 30 (1911)319. Distribution - Burma; Taiwan; Vietnam (Tonkin). E9. Tainia chinensis Tainia (Rolfe) Gagnepain, chinensis (Rolfe) Tang nense Distribution Note - (Rolfe) Gagnepain - Based & China on cordifolium 4 Hist. Nat. (1977) 217, fig. (Guangdong); Thailand; Vietnam chinense Rolfe 2, s6r. 1101. - (1932) 4 Type: 706. Hance Collabium = chi- 17733. (Tonkin). Bull. [Kew (1896) 194], (Lindley) Gagnepain cordifolia (Lindley) Gagnepain, lum Mus. Natl. Nephelaphyllum E10. Tainia cordifolia Tainia Wang Bull. in Fl. Hain. (Lindley) Blume, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. s6r. Fl. Jav. n.s., 1 (1858) t. 61.3. 2, - 4 (1932) Type: 706. = Wallich Nephelaphyl- s.n. (Wall. Cat. 3750). Distribution Note - - Based India; Sikkim; on E11. Tainia cristata Tainia cristata (Rolfe) Gagnepain, Rolfe, Kew Bull. Distribution Orchid - (1896) (1992) Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Orch. Fl. Hong Kong; Monographs 6 Orch. (1831) 129]. (Rolfe) Gagnepain (1933) 382; Seidenf., Contr. tatum Burma. Cytheris cordifolia Lindley [Gen. Sp. 194. - Cambodia, Laos, Type: Vietnam Balansa sdr. 2, Vietnam 4 (1932) 706, 708; (1975) 105. = Fl. Gdn. I.-C. 6 Nephelaphyllum cris- 2001. (Tonkin). 95 El 2. Tainia delavayi Gagnepain delavayi Gagnepain, Tainia 28, 1+2 (1975) Type: Delavay Distribution 167. 33: (1951) 16-22, 77. - 34: 1. Bull. = 2, ser. 4 (1932) 708; Hu, Q. S.Y. J. Taiwan (1983) 26, fig. Bot. 72 Fl. Gdn. Mus. 11. - flabellata (Ames Nephelaphyllum Guangdong). Mus. Natl. 2, Hist. Nat. s6r. 4 (1932) 709; Diglyphosa evrardii (Gagnepain) Tang & 254, 1250, Evrard Vietnam - El4. Tainiaflabellata Tainia Hist. Nat. delavayi (Gagnepain) Seidenf., Op. Gagnepain Syntypes: Distribution Mus. Natl. China (Yunnan; - Gagnepain, evrardii fig. Bull. Collabium s.n. El3. Tainia evrardii Tainia = I.-C. 6 (1933) 377, Phytotax. Acta Sin. 1 1943. (Annam). & C. (Ames & C. Wang, Schweinf.) Gagnepain Schweinf.) Gagnepain, flabellatum Bull. Ames & C. Schweinf. Mus. Natl. in Ames, Hist. Nat. Orch. 6 s6r. (1920) 2, 19. - 4 (1932) Type: 706. = Clemens s.n. Distribution Note - Borneo. - According to Van der Burg (in ms.) this might be the same species as Nephela- phyllum pulchrum Blume. E15. Tainia Tainia gracilis (Schltr.) Gagnepain gracilis (Schltr.) Gagnepain, gracile Schltr., Non T. - Herb. Bull. According to keentinensis Note which it - Only can Whether or Cheng, a short 96 145 (= - 2, 4 (1932) 706. Nephelaphyllum = Type: Schlechter 13523. T. dunnii Burg (in ms.) Rolfe). this might be the same species as Nephela- Cheng Formosan Orch. diagnosis be made it is an out (no date) 54, t. on p. 55 (nom. nud.). Distribution SE Asia: - Linn. English not and plant is a colour not a photograph Tainia, provided, from are since it has a spurred lip. say. Gagnepain latilabra (Ridley) Gagnepain, Trans. in that this Ania I dare latilabre Ridley, Peninsula; (1933) 301. Taiwan. - E17 7. Tainia latilabra (Ridley) Tainia (1906) 6 J. J. Smith. Chow only not 1 Van der E16. Tainia keentinensis Chow Distribution 2, Borneo. - phyllum trapoides Tainia Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. s6r. Boiss. s6r. gracilis Tso, Sunyatsenia Distribution Note Bull. Bull. Soc. II, Mus. Natl. Bot. 4 Hist. Nat. (1894) 238. - Bhutan; Burma; Thailand; s6r. 2,4 (1932) Type: Haviland Vietnam 706. = Nephelaphyllum 1165. Malesia: Malay Monographs 6 (1992) (Tonkin). Sumatra; Java; Borneo; Philippines. Orchid E18. Tainia maculata Tainia = maculata (Thwaites) (Thwaites) Chrysoglossutn Distribution f., Hook, Fl. Br. Ind. 5 Blume, Bijdr. ornatum (1890) 860; (1825) ibid. 6 (1890) 193. Type: - Thwaites s.n. 338. in South-East Asia, from Sri Lanka eastwards up Widespread - Hook. f. to the Fiji Islands. Note Tainia maculata - It shown was Van by based was 301, and already transferred der Ania maculata Thwaites, Enum. PI. on Chrysoglossum to Burg (in ms.) by be to Hooker f. [Fl. the same Br. Zeyl. (1861) Ind; 6 (1890) Chrysoglossum as 193]. ornatum Blume. E19. Tainia mindorensis (Ames) Tainia mindorensis lum E20. Tainia Tainia (Ames) Gagnepain, Ames, Philip. mindorense Distribution - ovalifolia (Ames Eulophia ovalifolia Note be a J. & C. 2, Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. s6r. 2 (1907) Bot. 316. & C. Schweinf.) Garay Schweinf.) Garay Ames & C. Schweinf. Type: - (1932) 4 Merrill 706. = Nephelaphyl- 5623. in & Kittredge, Ames, Orch. 6 & Kittredge Mus. Leafl. Harvard (1920) 208. - Type: Univ. Cler (1985) 59. 30 :ns - 93. Borneo. - Ames & Schweinfurth - Bull. Sci. Philippines. ovalifolia (Ames Distribution Gagnepain that there note are only pollinia. Thus, two this can hardly Tainia. E21. Tainia papuana Tainia papuana puanum (Schltr.) Gagnepain, (Schltr.) Schltr., Distribution Note (Schltr.) Gagnepain - Bull. Rep. Mus. Natl. Beih. 1 (1911) Hist. Nat. 98. - 2, s6r. Type: 4 (1932) Schlechter 706. = Collabium pa- 14630. New Guinea. Based - Feddc on Nephelaphyllum papuanum Schltr. K. Sch. & [in Laut., Nachtr. 2 (1905) 96], E22. Tainia pulchra (Blume) Tainia Gagnepain pulchra (Blume) Gagnepain, (1933) 380, fig. 34: 2-5. = Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. scr. 2, 4 (1932) 706; Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 373. Fl. - G6n. Type: I.-C. 6 not de- signated. Distribution - SE Asia: Bhutan; Burma; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam (Tonkin). Malesia: Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Java; Borneo; Philippines. E23. Tainia stellata Tainia stellata (Lindley) Lindley, Gen. Sp. Note - (Lindley) Pfitzer Pfitzer in Orch. (1830) Engl. & See J.J. Smith, Orch. Jav. Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) PrantI, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2, 6 (1888) 153. = Eria rugosa 66. (1905) 378 for full synonymy. 97 E24. Tainia Tainia tenuiflora (Blume) Gagnepain tenuiflora (Blume) Gagnepain, (1933) 380. = Distribution Nephelaphyllum Bull. Mus. Natl. SE Asia: Thailand; Vietnam - Hist. Nat. Blume, Bijdr. tenuiflorum (Tonkin). 2, sdr. (1825) 4 (1932) 706; 373. Malesia: Type: - I.-C. Fl. Gen. not 6 designated. Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Java; Borneo; Sulawesi. unguiculata Hayata E25. Tainia Tainia unguiculata Hayata, S.Y. Hu, Q. Fukuyama, J. Taiwan Bot. Distribution - Ic. PI. Form. 28, Mus. Mag. Tokyo 48 4 (1914) 61, fig. 28; Schltr., (1975) 1+2 (1934) 301. - 169. Type: Fedde Beih. Rep. (1919) 181; 4 Acanthephippum unguiculatum = Cult, in Taihoku (Hayata) s.n. Formosa. Identification list In this list, with the all collections of the genera treated in this of those collections for which exception the many collections of plants collections could be referred to unambiguously, used, followed by the date if given the collection) and in they (if given, study are garden parentheses by an by seen in BO. In me, are on names species. in e.g. where such are given s(ine) n(umero) the label that abbreviation for the the collectors' cases given, given, included here. The data else the abbreviation and any information under their series number, followed and could be proper reference cultivated in the botanical in the order: collector, collection number identify no can be used Series parentheses. are is to given L denotes sheets from the herbarium in L. Reichenbach denotes sheets from the Reichenbach Orchid Herbarium. A tion.The mark after abbreviations a are species abbreviation denotes Ania T Tainia Aa Ania angustifolia Tb Tainia borneensis sp. an uncertain identifica- used: A sp. bicornis Td Tainia dunnii elmeri T1 Tainia latifolia hongkongensis Tie Tainia latifolia subsp. elongata Til Tainia latifolia subsp. latifolia Tlx Tainia laxiflora Ab Ania Ae Ania Ah Ania Ape Ania Apo Ania ponggolensis AT Ania ruybarrettoi Av Ania Hu 98 question following penangiana viridifusca Hancockia uniflora Tmc Tainia macrantha Tmg Tainia Tmi Tainia To Tainia obpandurata maingayi minor M Mischobulbum sp. Tpf Tainia paucifolia Mco Mischobulbum cordifolium Tpu Tainia purpureifolia Mcr Mischobulbum crassum Tse Tainia sessilifolia Ml Mischobulbum longiscapum Tsp Tainia speciosa Mraa Mischobulbum marmoratum Tt Tainia trinervis Mme Mischobulbum megalanthum Tv Tainia Mp Mischobulbum Ms Mischobulbum Mw Mischobulbum vegetissima papuanum scapigerum wrayanum Orchid Monographs 6 (1992) Averyanov Backer (Tie), 303 Bakhuizen Brink (Ah) Brandis s.n. — (Tse) (Ab) (Av), (Ape), Feb (Mw), 1058 (Tmg), 3291 (Ab), (Carr) derson) 38 1043 Smitinand Hose (Ar) — 68 Kccnanetal. Ward (Mw?), Lace Blumc 1100 (Tpf) — Burtt & Woods — (Mw?) (Tt) — 94 (Av) (Ape), Dec s.n. 107 (Ab), Jan K s.n. (Ape), (Ape), (Ape), 1892 — (Ab), E s.n. 175-1924 783 73 (Ape) 1773 Hort. Cumberlege (Ape), Clemens — Cult. Hort. — 1890 s.n. Collenctte — Cult — 1925 s.n. (Mp) (Tb) & Cribb (Tt), 71 1888 s.n. 1892 Oct s.n. (Tt), 398 (Av), 1887 Comber 61 (Til) 42946 1844 s.n. — (Tt), 146 (Tmi), (Tpu), 3150 Charlesworth — 944 3290 How (Av) (Tpf) — (Tie) — — — LAE & Monographs (Til) — (Mco) 539 Forrest 17652 11314 — — Dunn Evrard 22352 Feng — (Aa), (T?) — Foxworthy 65 — (Td). (Aa) 2387 (Tsp), 24167 Forbes 560 (Tpf) 401 (Tie) (Mw), (Hen- 11045 (Symington) (Tsp), 11913 Day — 2724 Oct 1907 s.n. 1457 (Tpf), (Henderson) (Tmi) (Tpf) (Tie) — Franck — (Tlx). (Ms), (Aa), 3740 — Daud (Tie) (Av) 4673 — Leeuwen-Reijnvaan 1713 275 (Tmg), (Kalong) Gibbs 2884 (M) 19085 3420 (Ms), 3958 (Ab) (Til) 3741 Hislop — (Ah), (Mp) 10998 — — — s.n. 22317 — (Mco) Hennipman Jul How & Chun Janowsky 295 16677 (Til?), 20617 Kurz & 75149 (1992) 99 (Mp) (Av) — (Aa), 20938 s.n. Dec s.n. ex (Stevens 297 (Til), Koorders Katik) 6 Hartley Kermode (Av), 4120 (Av), (Tie) van Dransfield — (M?), (Carr) (Mco), (Ah), 1670 73447 (Tmi), (Td) Docters Griffith — s.n. Gjellerup 1844 (Til), (T?), 1019 5288 (Til), 1952 (Tsp) — (Ape) 70182 — 3578 Hansen (Av) — Hooker — Hu 872 f. & 5236 (Tpf) Henry — 11112 Thomson (Ah), 9853 Hansen (Hu), 217 (Ah), & 11813 (Til) — 13098A (Mw). 198 226A — Danser 6790 — (Tpf). 134 13615 50384 5622 (Av) Clowes — E.N. 730-62 3984 Furuse 5432 — — (Tpf) 125 (Tmc) — (Td) (Aa?), 11294 536 (Wallich herb.) (Til) 7173 3817 (Tt), (Sohmer Orchid (Tsp) Chiengnum (T), (Tsp) 35517 Glasnevin s.n. Curtis (Ape) 83-293 153 (Aa?) Hance — 1721, 3229 Ko (Tpf), (Ape), 1921 1975 632 (Av) de Groot (Ab), (Ape), 226, (Av), — 1888 (T?), (Carr) (Mco), Gomez — —Hume May Faurie — 56 (Til), (T?) 144 145 Clarke 1713 Cult. Hort. — (Til) s.n. Oct (Ape), 105 Garret 11201 12078 Jacobson — (Tpf) — — s.n. Eberhardt — Furet 261 — (Tpf) 2839 (Ape) (Av), 10195 van — — Bodinier — (Tsp), 8616 2401 near K177 Tjianpea (Tie), s.n. ex 1880 s.n. — (Tsp), s.n. (Tmg), (Ab) 30125 1662 (Tt), 136 (Tsp), (Henderson) 25956 (Tsp) 5293 Haines 83-140 (T), (Carr) (Mp) (Tie), 1254 (Til), Leeuwen (Tsp) 11113 (Tsp) 1140 (Mp), Hort. BO (Av), Dalziel — van 12/79 (Ah), G.D.H. Burkill — (A?), 1935 12025 (Til) 5761 E.N. 032-75.004.04 1078 (Ape), 1917 80 (Jaamat) Ford Brooke — (Av) 25 — Beccari — (Mw) 1902 (L 903.162.799) (Tt) s.n. van (Tmg) 7136 (Ar) 311 B.G. — May s.n. (Tie), (Tie), 3780 (Tie) 3778 (Ah), 310 Bakhuizen — 4390 (Tsp). (T?) 83-116 E.B. s.n. Jul FMS (Tie), (Tb) Birch — (Mw) 4043 Nov (M?), Chin 1633 (Tsp), 135 1878 s.n. Docters — DPB (Tpf) (Tie), (Ah), Coimbatore ex 875 (Tie) 25750 3790 3426 309 (Mp), 3333 (Mp) s.n. 10190 (Av), 6387 (Mp) 1899 (Mw), 145 Daalen (T) (Tie?), 2766 —Barretto s.n. Bunnemeijer — 1649 Cult — 400-34/Chandra (Ape), van (Tsp) (Tsp), 859 (Tpf), (Tt), (Mp), (Tpf), (Tt) S62 (Av), 1871 Jan (Tpf), 643 559 Brass 3235 — (Ape) 1268 1259 109m (Av), 1899 (Ms), 1931 Cribb 91 108 — 1929 10162 1968 s.n. Comber — Aug s.n. (Ms), 3420 Cheang — Dec s.n. (Tmg), 1928 (Tpf), 3158 — (Mcr). B1609 s.n. (L 903.162.800) (Tie) s.n. (Tie), 15016 (Tsp), 3753 (Tie), (L 903.162.798) (Tsp), s.n. (Til) 3741 (Wallich herb.) Bruce (= 194) (Tie), 2258 Beddome — (Tpf), (Til) 1879 (Tsp), Banziger (Tsp) 794 (L 903.162.795) (Tpf), s.n. (Ab), 1708 f. 471 — 2412 PB Phengkhlai & (L 90484126) (Tie), s.n. 14476 (Tsp), (Tpf), 1933 (Tsp) Anon. — (Ah). 140 14173 307 van den (Tpf), 2046 Beusekom Carr (Tie), 1918 Banfield s.n. Jul PB (Tmi) 1217 Kydraveeva & Jul s.n. den Brink — (Tmi), 1187 Anderson Joseph s.n. — Kerr 364 1915 (Ape), (Tmi), 1920 s.n. 401 21737 (Tpf) — 1910 (Tie) (Av),76 (Tsp), 167 (Mw), (Til), (Av), 588 22717 Kostermans (Tsp), (Aa) 13057 — 596 (Tpf) Kjellberg (Tmg) — 195 — (Aa), 214 Kingdon- 2939 (Mma) Kunstler 196b Sinchul (Tmi). Martin) (T?) — 54758 Lamb (Mp), (Howcroft) 197/84 (Ms), 64078 (Tt), (Katik 204/84 (Apo), & Croft) 70751 275/84 (Ab), 321/85 99 1205/90 (Tpu), (Ab), Feb (Av) 1896 (Av) 1959 LOrzing — Linsley (Mw), 7312 1267/90 (Tpf), Lecoufle — Gressit (Ape) (Td) 1285 (Mw) 14942 1343/91 (Tsp) 1987 s.n. (Til) Masamune (Ape) O'Brien s.n. 106 (Til), (Av) 258 (= 21289 — 1898 (Chai) SAN (Tie?), Shah, 28757 — 32D s.n. Tse 10018 8455 75882 — 100 11011 (Av), 12203 s.n. (Tsp), s.n. (Mp) (Aa) 15720 (Ml) (Tsp) — 3288 21 (Aa), 90-140 (Av) —- 427 (Mp), (Millar) 1868 Dockrill) (Mp), 34017 Nooteboom — (Mp), 9751 (Mp), (Millar) (Mp), (Streimann 27612 for (Av), (Tpf). 1431 = 1148 (Av),244 (Av),253 73 1931 (Hu), (Mp), 1150 Jul s.n. Reeve (p.p. 20123 (Tb). 225 41793 (Hu). 3561 56?) (Mco), Ford 1893 (Tmg), Jan 1915 (Ms), Rule (Mp), 3933 20365 (Aa), (Av), 41794 Jun (Aa) — 1971 To, Tsang 1975 s.n. May — 12246 20457 Saldanha 1894 (Av) 15953 — (Mw), 603 (Haniff) 613 — (Mw) — (Tie), 109m 759b 8960 & (Ab), Sorensen, (Tb) Sands — 1249 (Tpf) — (Tmg), (Holttum) (Tpu), (Moysey Smith — 5047 s.n. (Tsp) 5604 (Tmg), (Henderson) 26597 (Tpf), 19574 Kiah) Larsen (left) (Tpf), 31893 (Tie), 744 917 & Hansen 8960 (right) (Mw). Stone 5568 Tsang & 1977 SF — 12191 (Td) 9445 (Tmg), 1896 (T?), 1915 — s.n. (Tsp), 386b 3150) van Steenis (Mp) (Tsp) —Tsang s.n. Sin — — Carr Sander (Ape?) Foxworthy) & (Tmg) 898 (Ms) 54799 — May s.n. s.n. (Aa), 1596 (Aa). 1440 Scortechini Senaratna Soepadmo DB5495 1900 — (Tpf), (= 24818 — s.n. (Ape) — (Tsp), (Kerr Shing-Chee (Td) Trevor Lawrence — (Td), 21097 (Mco), 22260 (Tsp), 1900 s.n. (Mco), (Td), 25160 (Td). (Tpf). 1110 — (Ae), 2434 Watt 6293 (Av) (To), 15863 (To) 1127bis Wray 1497 (Tt) Pdtelot — 1888 (Til), (Ape), 351 Kairo) Jun (Tpf), (Lee) 54360 (Tie) 2318 Awang (Aa), Jul s.n. (Tie), 1888 5308 (Tsp), 5314 (Tv) Zollinger — (Ae), 4052 (Ae) — Vermeulen & Duistermaat 911 (Tmg) — de (Tmg). 393bis (Tie), (Mp) (To) 4955 Munting) & Stevens — Vanoverbergh 102 (Ae), Duyfjes 7713 & 45249 — 11412 Ridley — 1911 Royen van 10834 BE103 (Aa), (Ape), (Td) Bubong Wang s.n. GT9684 & DB5169 (Mw) 1960 1900 Shukor (T?), (Aa), 9216 s.n. Vogel Jul (Mw), (Henderson) 21094 4132 DB5044 Ulu & Smitinand (Tpf), (Holttum) — s.n. (Til). Umbas May (To), 10356 (Tie) Danimihardja Sarkat — 10614 s.n. (Til) 126 Puy Du & (Tb), s.n. (Cockburn) 83237 (Tsp), (Cockburn) 88550 (Tpf) (Haniff) Tixier — (Tsp), (Othman Seidenfaden (Ab), Parish s.n. (Ae) Loher 541 87-1002 (Mp), (van Royen) Oates 85 — Parry — Reichenbach 1917 (Tsp), (Av) 1910 Mar Jul? s.n. 1904 s.n. 18464 (Tsp?) (Tsp) (To), 9804 — — Lauche Lindquist Mann s.n. Mar Maxwell Womersley) Kairo) & — 253?) (Til), 29885(1) (Ape), 29885(2) (Av), 32988(left) (Av), Rensch s.n. (Av) 5133 & 1910 s.n. (Tt), (Apo 31592 (Tsp) 1905 & (Tie) 187 — — (Mp), (Streimann 23287 (Mme),210(Tmi) (Tb) (Mp) 18886 (Tt), (Streimann s.n. Nov 206 (Tt) 5570 (Mp), (Millar (Tsp) — — (Tpf?). Menzies — Micholitz 165 (Tie), 43711 (Av), 55292(1) (Tl), 55292(2) (Aa), 55292(4) (Tl?), 55292(5) (T), 55292(6) (Tsp), Rives 9710 (To), Parish 43681 (Av) (Tmg), (Ah) (Tmg) 1939 Lewis (Tie), 1284 14 Jul s.n. — 161 4305 Mason — Ridsdale) 34018 Parkinson — (Tt), 5393 (A), 1905 (Til), 204 (Ape), si Boeea (Tt), S Nov Dockrill) for (Til), (Mp), (Millar) 13882 & (Tsp), — 20231 (Mp), (Millar) 22953 159 (Ah) Manantoddy (Tmc) 5460 (Floyd) (T?), (Lavarack 28911 & Umbas Pantling McClure — NGF — (Tlx) 1925 Metcalf 17571 (Mp), (Millar) 12292 Katik) Rahmat — (Mp), (Millar) 22513 (Apo (Mco) 3454 (Millar) 158 (Ab) (Tmc) 11011 Nakamura & Mayr — Merrill May 28 s.n. — Latif 447 LX-VN 2219 — — Lei Lobb — Maingay 1642 (Ape), 1667 (Tsp), 1668 (Tmg) — — — 1485bis (T?), — — 235 Wiedemann et al. Wilford (Tie) — (Mw), 384 (Ah) Wirawan 464 (Tsp), s.n. — 290 3938 1970 Winckel (Tpf) — (Tpf), (Tsp) s.n. — de Wilde & Apr 1919 Wood 744 4059 (Mw) (Tsp), (Tpu) — — Wray de Wilde351 (Tsp), Woods 1075 & Robinson Wright 522 (Ah). (Tie). Orchid Monographs 6 (1992)