Investigation of the Disadvantaged Student Performance of Turkey: In The Light of The PISA 2012 Data

Serhat Ozgokceler

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship among three important factors of the life of elderly who accommodates in an institution; institutional environment, older individuals̕ attachment to place, and theirs life satisfaction. This research aimed to examine how different aspects of institutional environment determine the level of elders̕ place attachment, and respectively to examine the significance of the place attachment in determining degree of older individuals̕ satisfaction with their life. Institutional environment was assessed under three headlines; design, social and institutional aspects. It was also aimed to analyze the way those three aspects are interacted with each other to conclude with place attachment. The sample consisted of 120 older individuals who were from two different institutions; Seyranbaglari Rest Home and Year of 75 Resting and Caring Home of Retired Organization. The data were gathered via applying the following measures; ...

Alternative education opportunities are needed outside of formal education institutions to train individuals, develop skills, and sustain lifelong learning. Adult Education Centres, which have a priority and predominant position among institutions that support lifelong learning in Türkiye, are among the leading institutions that help individuals’ personal, professional, and social development. For this reason, identifying and solving the challenges of Adult Education Centres instructors positively contributes to the quality and traceability of adult education. In this context, the study aims to determine the opinions of adult instructors in Adult Education Centres about their challenges and to develop suggestions based on the findings. For this purpose, to obtain in-depth information about the challenges of adult instructors in Adult Education Centres, the phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, was preferred in the study, and the study group was formed from t...

X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina May 19-22, 2016 ABSTRACT BOOK International Association of Social Science Research Copyright © 2016 – iassr.org Organization Committee Co-Presidents Hasan Arslan, IASSR. Yücel Oğurlu, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Conference Chairs Mehmet Ali Icbay, IASSR. Muhidin Mulalić, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hasan Korkut, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ibrahim Dursun, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Muhamed Ali, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serap Fišo, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Technical Support Mehmet Ulutaş, IASSR. Osman Ferda Beytekin, IASSR. Ozgur Batur, IASSR. Baris Uslu, IASSR. Scientific Committee Adela Popa, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania. Ahmet Duman, Muğla University, Turkey. Alejandro Gallard, Southern Georgia University, USA. Ali Akdemir, Istanbul Arel University, Turkey. Ali Gürsel, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ali Çaksu, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ali Soltani, Griffith University, Australia. Ali Yıldırım, Middle East Technical University, Turkey. Aliye Fatma Mataraci, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Almasa Mulalić, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ana Paula Monteiro, Nursing School of Coimbra, Portugal. Ana-Maria Mandiuc, Alexandru Ioan Cuza Univeristy, Romania. Andrea Bixio, Sapienza University, Italy. Andrea Millefiorini, Second University of Naples, Italy. Anela Hasanagić, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Annette Ullrich, Cooperative State University, Germany. Antonello Folco Biagini, Sapienza University, Italy. Antonio Bettanini, Sapienza University, Italy. A. Seda Saracaloğlu, Adnan Menderes University, Turkey. Badriya Al-Ghafri, Rustaq College of Applied Sciences, Oman. Baruch Greenwald, Beer-Yaacov Ness Ziona Regional Mental Health Center, Israel. Binnur Yeşilyaprak, Ankara University, Turkey. Bisera Mavrić, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bruno Mazzara, Sapienza University, Italy. Charles Tesconi, American University, USA. Chiara D’Alessio, University of Salerno, Italy. Christian Ruggiero, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. Cristina Sá, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal. Corina Buzoianu, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania. Diana Didilica, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Romania. Edita Đapo, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Erica Antonini, Sapienza University in Rome, Italy. Fikriye Toker, Trakya University, Turkey. Franca Faccioli, Sapienza University, Italy. Francesco Sidoti, University of L’Aquila, Italy. Fred Dervin, University of Helsinki, Finland. Frederic Jacobs, American University, US. Georgeta Rata, Banat University, Romania. Giovanna Motta, Sapienza University, Italy. Heini Paavola, Helsinki University, Finland. Ibrahim Anıl, Marmara University, Turkey. Ilona Tamutienė, Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania. Jari Lavonen, University of Helsinki, Finland. José G. Vargas-Hernández, University Center for Economic and Managerial Sciences, Mexico. Joseph Jon Kaminski, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Kerim Gündoğdu, Adnan Menderes University, Turkey. Kevin Norley, Bedford University, UK. Lejla Panjeta, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Lulzime Kamberi, State University of Tetova, Macedonia. Margarita Elkina, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Germany. Marta Vignola, University of Salento, Italy. Mehmet Demirezen, Hacettepe University, Turkey. Mehmet Durdu Karslı, Near East Univerity, TR North Cyprus. Mehmed Ganic, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Meltem Onay, Celal Bayar University, Turkey. Metin Boşnak, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mesut Idriz, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mojmir Sabolovič, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mirja Talib, Helsinki University, Finland. Nina Bosankić, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Naoko Okamoto, Ritsumeikan University, Japan. Nudžejma Obralić, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Octavio Hernandez Castorena, Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes, Mexico. Ognjen Riđić, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Orhan Elmacı, Dumlupınar University, Turkey. Osman Ferda Beytekin, Ege University, Turkey. Paolo De Nardis, Sapienza University, Italy. Patricia Runcan, West University of Timisoara, Romania. Peter Plenta, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Rasim Yılmaz, Namık Kemal University, Turkey. Rauf Yıldız, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey. Recai Aydın, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Roida Rzayeva Oktay, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Azerbaijan. Ruhi Sarpkaya, Adnan Menderes University, Turkey. Salih Binici, Florida State University, US. Selvira Draganović, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sema Kaner, Ankara University, Turkey. Sema Oglak, Istanbul Arel University, Turkey. Senad Busatlic, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Senija Tahirović, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sibel Aydoğan, Marmara University, Turkey. Soner Polat, Kocaeli University, Turkey. Thomas Marteen, Goethe Institute, Germany. Timothy Koschmann, Southern Illinois University, US. Tuba Boz, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Valentina Ekimova, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Russian Federation. Vatanyar Yagya, St. Petersburg State University, Russia. Vedat Çalışkan, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey. Vehbi Bayhan, Inonu University, Turkey. Vehbi Çelik, Mevlana University, Turkey. Yüksel Kavak, Hacettepe University, Turkey. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5004 SIN TAX AND IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS Salih Gurbuz, Zeynep Arikan PhD Student, Prof. Dr. Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Akademic Unit of Puplic Finance in İzmir/Buca Today, in parallel with globalization and changing conditions, states strive to increase their tax revenues by means of placing excessive taxes on demerit goods and services which cause negative externalities. When state needs revenue and wants to change people consumption trends, it levies a tax on demerit goods and services that is called “sin taxes”, makes bad habit as drinks, cigarettes, coffee, gambling and contains more calories or overweight. State has begun to more interference on the economy with sin tax during the recent years. So, sin taxes born to be got the requirement on economic and social causes. Sin taxes are taken both increase of revenues and barriers environmental pollution, use of illegal and harmful items. State which levies an additional taxes on harmful products and tries to reduce the use of these goods and services, aims to increase budget revenues. In addition, many local governments to shift the jurisdiction of the central state of sin tax debate comes up. In our study, sin tax is presented its basic features, its purpose, its scope, its share in tax revenues in Turkey and many countries, beneficial and harmful effects arising from its application, it is focused on the period of change in taxation and its role in preventing a harmful habits. Keywords: Sin Taxes, Externalities, Ramsey Rule, Merit And Demerit Goods X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5007 Home Care Services for Elderly (The case of Trabzon City) Mine Gözübüyük Tamer Associate Professor Department of Sociology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey One of the most important demographic realities of the 21st century is population aging. Today, especially in many developed countries as well in Turkey birth rates are declining and the elderly population goes on a dramatically increases. Biological, physiological, psychological and social problems arising due to aging that these problems affect their quality of the elderly life. Turkish State offers social services for the elderly who cannot care for themselves with aging. In this regard, the forms of applications as at the institution (nursing homes, elderly care services etc.) and home care services are available. Home care is a prominent and widespread application in recent years. This service aims to improve the quality of life of the elderly by enabling them to live independently in their own homes. Families and communities play a key role in the protection, support and treatment of elderly individuals. This study aims at evaluation of home care services provided to people 60 years and older being in need of care at Trabzon city in Turkey. In this context, it is aimed at the first to reveal the general profile of the person providing such services, then the determining of difficulties and problems in the fulfillment of this service, quality of work, job satisfaction level, the advantages and disadvantages of the services provided at home, the determination of expectations of the person providing the service and in this direction to offer solutions. A questionnaire form for person providing home care service has been used in this study. Keywords: Social Service, Home care, Elderly X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5008 Public Education Centers in Adult Education Mine Gözübüyük Tamer Associate Professor Department of Sociology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey Learning is a phenomenon in existence in every aspects of an individual's life at any moment. Learning experiences continues parallel with compulsory schooling at the institutional sense, leave its place to the new education programs and other learning resources in adulthood. There were many institutional systems (public or private) and forms of learning including formal, informal and non-formal learning in adulthood. The Ministry of National Education is one of the leading institutions offering programs for adults in Turkey. Foremost institution is Public Education Centers (PEC) take place under the Ministry of National Education in Turkey, presents various education programs and other learning resources that have an important place and role of adult learning. Thus PEC is separated from other non-formal educational institutions because of it is the main task of the programs offered by adult education. This study is intended to provide information on courses organized by PEC located in Trabzon city and reveal an overview of adults who participated in these courses. For this purpose, firstly the number of courses launched in educational centers (course type and course name), the total number of participants attending these courses (gender-based) for the last ten years (2005-2015) have been presented and secondly a field research has been completed. Socio-demographics profile of 300 adult participants obtained from statistics and course experience (name of courses attended, type, location, duration, reasons to attend the course, satisfaction levels related to the courses, the impact of courses in social and daily life etc.) were examined Keywords: Adult Education, Public Education Centers, Lifelong Learning X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5010 Applicable Law to Cultural Property MESUT AYGÜN Assistant Professor Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yunusemre Kampüsü 26470 Tepebaşı/Eskişehir – TÜRKİYE The requirement of the specific form of regulation for cultural property is true not only for civil law but also for the conflict of laws. In a case initiated by the orginal owner against the good faith purchaser to recover the stolen, lost or entrusted cultural property, the significant question is whether the orginal owner or the good faith purchaser will be preferred. As long as different preferences are accepted in different systems, the real conflict of laws will continue. Thus the choice of the connecting factor may change the result from one case to another. A general rule to apply to property, which is almost universally accepted, is lex rei stae, i.e. the law of the place where the goods are located. This principle, which does not care about the conclusion, is in favor of the origainal owner in one case, and the good faith purchaser in the other. The main purpose of the rule is to ensure the security and stability in commerce. Keywords: Conflict of laws, Private international law, Cultural property, Arts and law, The protection of historical artifacts X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5011 THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE LINK BETWEEN OBEY AND DOMINATION BY BOURDIEU OVER THE LANGUAGE-BODY Hüseyin Köse Professor Dept. of Journalism, Faculty of Communication, Atatürk University, Erzurum, TURKEY The purpose of this study is to examine the notion of human body by Bourdieu and the related discourse and their functions in the obey-domination relations between males and females. Incidents and news samples selected from Turkish media and other media in the rest of the world are analyzed, using discourse analyses method. Keywords: Bourdieu, obey-domination, Turkish media X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5014 The Examination of Programmes of Elemantary Mathematics Education in Republic period from memorisation perspective Sukru Ilgun, M. Fatih OZMANTAR Department of Elemantary Mathematics Education, University of Kafkas, Kars, Turkey The lesson of mathematics has been a lesson that there has been made renewals and updatings often on teaching programmes and there has been in the centre of important reform movements nearly in all countries of the world. During the history of Republic, there has been 10 programme changes in our country. The so called programmes are as follows: 1924, 1926, 1936, 1948, 1968, 1983, 1990, 1998, 2005 and 2015. Especially when examined the documents regarding 2005 and 2015 programmes, it has been seen thatit has been avoided the usage of the terms of “repetition”, “exercise” and “consolidation” often assimilated with behaviorism theory. Also there are some rumours about that the programmes put into effect before 2005 have a memorisation approach. In the scope of this study, it has been aimed that the points of view of the programmes put into effect during the history of Republic regarding the memorisation of knowledge and the perspectives the programmes have are put into effect. In the direction of this aim, the texts published by National Educational Ministry of programmes mentioned above were exposed to content analysis. In view of these analysis it was aimed to reveal how the programmes during the history of Republic look the idea of the memorisation of mathematical knowledge and how their positions are thereon. The results of the examinations showed that the programmes mentioned give a great importance to explanation of mathematics by students, they are in an open position regarding that the memorisation of mathematical knowledge is wrong. Keywords: Elemantary school mathematics, memorisation, mathematical knowledge mathematics teaching programme, X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5016 BELIEF OF UN/AUSPICIOUS ANIMALS IN ANATOLIAN ALAWISM Mehmet YAZICI Assistant Professor Department of Socil Work, University of Bingöl, Bingöl Turkey One of the best way for understanding human’s and societies’ journey on the world is looking at human-nature relationship. Therefore throughout the history philosophers and scientists though to different extents has strived to understand the results and meaning of this relationship. The relationship of human with nature is not limited only to meet his or her practical needs. Also, human has tried to understand the nature in mental context. Having such two kinds of relationship existed both in pre modern human and modern human period. People who live in the same natural and societal area, their systems of understanding nature turns into a common societal understanding by time. The result of this common understanding is to accept some creatures in the nature as totem or taboo and perceiving some of these creatures as good-bad, auspicious-unauspicious, holy-unholy. Because of this sense, societies accept some creatures in the nature as fundamental elements of their belief. This understanding also can be found in Anatolian Alawism. This study focuses on accepting some animals as auspicious and some others as unauspicious in Alawism. In master thesis that we prepared in Mimar Sinan University we found that Alawites accepts some animals as auspicious and some other animals as unauspicious. This study is based on integrating new datas to the datas included in mentioned thesis. In the study, examples about animals that are accepted as un/auspicious by Alewites are given and sources of these beliefs are handled. The aim of the study is both to understand Alewism and their perception of nature focusing on especially example of rabbit which is accepted as unauspicious. Keywords: Alewism, Alewism Belief, Un/auspicious Animals X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5017 Investigation of knowledge of pre-service teachers regarding terms of digit and number Esra Altintas, Sukru Ilgun Department of Elementary Mathematics Education, University of Kafkas, Kars, Turkey Students always make mistakes in discerning and expressing the terms of digit and number. They often mix these terms each other and they interchange these terms. In this context, in the scope of present research, it was aimed to be examined the abilities for pre service science teachers and pre service class teachers to be able to recognize, express and exemplify the terms of digit and number and the terms of digit and number in different number systems. In this direction it was searched the answer of the following problem: “Do pre service science teachers and pre service class teachers have the ability of recognizing, expressing and exemplifying the terms of digit and number?”. For this reason, seven questions consisting of open-ended and multiple-choice were asked the pre service teachers. Forty three pre service science teachers and forty seven pre service class teachers attended the research. The answers given to the questions by pre service teachers were categorized and they were given in a table by giving the values of percentage and frequency. In this scope, descriptive analysis was used in analyzing of data. As a result of the research, it was seen that the terms of digit and number always met by students during their all education life and especially used till the university couldn’t be explained and exemplified yet by the pre service teachers. Keywords: Pre service science teachers, pre service class teachers, number systems X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5018 Islam and Tolerance in a Macedonian Writer’s Novel Melahat Pars Professor Ankara University / Ankara-Turkey As one of the representatives of the contemporary Macedonian literature, Bosko Smakoski wrote his novel entitled ""Life is the most difficult work"" in 1993. The novel has some attractive features in terms of content.The events that have occurred in 1700 years focus on Islam and tolerance. A Macedonian child, Gligor, has been adopted by a Turkish family and they allow him to grow up as a Christian. In this context, it is discussed the Turkish family’s struggle for tolerance. In this novel it is described the adoption of a Christian child, Gligor by Dogan family, who found him among the wreckage in a Macedonian village and because of this adoption there is a pressure on the family from the community. It is focused on Turkish-Macedonian or in other words Muslim-Christian human relations’ difficulties in maintaining the general validity of universal values for all humanity.Unlike many writers in Macedonian literature, Smakoski emphasizes the possibility that the Turks may have good sides. He also states that Turkish community reflects the tolerance of Islam properly. Keywords: Macedonian literature, Islam and Tolerance, Turks X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5023 How International Internship Applications Affect University Students’ Career: The case of Dicle University Erasmus Students Serkan EKMEN, Ali KORKUT, Ismail KESKIN International Relations Office, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey Internship applications have an important place in career steps and in terms of individuals’ professional development. Individuals are able to take part in different internship programmes both in the country and abroad during their ongoing education life. Among the internship programmes carried out internationally, Erasmus Placement Programme is one of the most important one. Within the scope of Erasmus Placement Programme, thousands of students get the chance to take part in an internship programme, which is directly related to their major all over Europe every year. European Union Commission funds students via National Agencies located in countries. This programme aims more and more students to benefit from the Erasmus Placement Programme which allocates millions of Euros and funds thousands of students every year. In this study, it is aimed to study how the Erasmus Placement Programme has affected the 'careers' of the students who carried out their internships abroad by means of this programme. 20 students who have taken part in Erasmus Placement Programme from Dicle University were interviewed, content analysis was used and the findings have been evaluated. As a result of this study it is cleared out that the students who benefited from Erasmus Placement Programme and had an overseas experience had a highly positive effect in finding jobs, especially in private sector. Another finding is that the overseas experience of the students has a considerable effect in their professional life, social and communication skills. Recommendations are provided with respect to the findings. Keywords: Erasmus+, Internship, EU Mobility, Students' Career X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5024 An investigation of pre-service teachers' metacognitive awareness and attitudes toward profession of teaching with respect to different values Gonul (Kurt) Erhan, Emine Cabi Department of Elementary Education, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkiye This research was conducted to investigate whether the metacognitive awareness and attitudes toward profession of teaching of the preservice teachers differ according to independent variables including the reason for choosing the teaching profession, academic average, the type of department they study, and the grade they attend. It is also aimed to determine whether there is a meaningful relationship between metacognitive awareness and attitudes toward the profession of teaching of the preservice teachers. The study group comprised 187 preservice teachers attending to Elementary Mathematics Education, Primary Education, Turkish Language Education, English Language Education, Early Childhood Education, and Guidance and Psychological Counseling Program at Baskent University Faculty of Education during the fall semester of 2015-2016. The participants were administered Metacognitive Awareness Inventory adapted to Turkish by Akin, Abaci, and Cetin (2007) and the Attitudes toward Teaching Profession developed by Ustuner (2006). The analyses of the data were obtained by using descriptive statistics, variance, and correlation analysis using SPPS 18. Data analysis showed that there were meaningful differences in preservice teachers' attitudes toward the profession of teaching with respect to the reason for choosing the teaching profession, academic average, and the type of department they study. It was also found that there was a moderate positive relationship between preservice teachers' metacognitive awareness and their attitudes toward the profession of teaching (r= .308, p˂.01). Keywords: Metacognitive awareness, attitudes, profession of teaching, pre-service teachers X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5027 A Comparative Analysis of Women’s Rights in Turkey, Tunisia and Iran Senem Ertan, Fatma Yol Ankara Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi, Hükümet Meydanı No:2 Ulus Ankara Turkey This study examines the effect of state Islamization on women’s empowerment in three Muslim countries; Turkey, Tunisia and Iran. The primary research question posed by this study is does the involvement of religion in the ruling of a country influence the government’s respect for women’s rights. After a historical analysis of religious role in modernization processes, an analysis of contemporary social, political and economic status of women is conducted to answer this question. The legal reforms are used as an indicator of women’s rights in Muslim countries since the law system is the highest regulatory framework of the states. Nevertheless, this study also examines the practical expressions of the legal frameworks and analyzes the existing women’s rights practices such as women’s economic participation, educational attainment, health and political empowerment by using Global Gender Gap Index as the main source of data. Analysis of the legal reforms demonstrates that governments have achieved better progress in developing and enforcing policies about women’s empowerment in countries where there are anti-fundamentalist and western style modernization processes. On the other hand, government’s particular aims of interest and priorities of decision makers constitute the reasons of the selective gender egalitarian reforms. The present study further supports the argument that Islam on its own cannot be condemned as the reason for unequal treatment of women in Muslim countries. However, this paper also confirms that patriarchal and traditional interpretation of Islam and the implementation of religious rules lead to violation of women’s rights in Muslim countries. Therefore, we argue that the establishment of secular and gender egalitarian law system accompanied by the implementation of successful policies to empower women are the preconditions for liberalization of Muslim women. Keywords: Women’s rights, Islamization, Secularization, Tunisia, Turkey, Iran X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5028 Political Communication and Elections: The Analysis of 7 June and 1 November General Elections in Turkey in terms of Political Communication Emre Osman OLKUN, Şükrü BALCI Instructor, Associate Professor Faculty of Communication, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey Democracy, power, government, service, success/failure, trust/distrust, scandal, polemic and so many similar topics have become mostly discussed headlines of our political world. However, nowadays the main question or problem of politics is definitely communication. Miscommunication should be looked for so many problems related to politics. Because, elections, successful election process and its sustainability which is conducted among candidates in order to power is directly based on quality and effectiveness of political communication processes between voters and candidates. In every election period, it is always mentioned about competition between candidates of parties, reactions and behaviors of voters and what kind of messages shared. Even some part of these questions can be asked until next election period. Now that democracy is a dialogue established between political candidates, the most apparent and colorful part of this dialogue is formed by political communication and campaign activities. In this study, political parties AK Party, CHP, MHP and HDP which passed 10 % electoral threshold and entered parliament in 7 June and 1 November General Elections will be taken in hand in terms of political communication. Especially, this study will focus on some topics such as communication methods, message strategies of parties for affecting voters, their usage of mass communication vehicles, what kind of topics they gave priority in their elections campaigns and their vision about Turkey. According to results of the study; political parties and leaders need to renew themselves and support this process with political communication activities in order to legitimization of their positions, sustainability and effectiveness. Keywords: Elections, Parties, Political Communications, Message Strategies X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5029 The relationship between entrepreneurial tendencies and culture: evidence from Turkey Kurtulus Yilmaz Genc Assistant Professor Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey The basic aim of this study is to search and reveal the relationship between entrepreneurial tendencies and culture relationship, depending on a research that was conducted on university students and the trainees of an entrepreneurship training programme. This study investigates the basic entrepreneurial tendencies like risk taking, creativity, opportunity seeking, self confidence, motivation, locus of control, tolerance to uncertainty, responsibility, leadership, competitiveness, communication, honesty, dynamism, and their relationship with cultural characteristics. Accordingly, the case study was conducted in Turkey. So, Turkish cultural characteristics and its relationship with the expected entrepreneurial characteristics (or tendencies) were discussed. The Turkish cultural characteristics were firstly identified from the literature. Especially, Hofstede’s study on the classification of (1980) cultures will be referenced. Again, personal observations and experiences will be the other sources for this identification. Moderate level of individualism, masculinity or femininity are the basic related characteristics of Turkey. On the other hand, the power distance, and uncertainty avoidance are high in Turkish culture. The findings of the research will be compared with the results of Hoftede’s study. The main hypothesis for the research is: H1: Entrepreneurial characteristics are statistically significantly associated with the cultural characteristics of Turkey. Many different statistical methods will be used to analyze the data set. The results will be discussed and concluded through comparing the results from previous studies. So, suggestions and managerial achievements will be given. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, culture, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5030 Philosophy of Social Science Inquiry: A Discussion on Qualitative and Quantitative Research Alican Kapti Associate Professor Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences Department of Political Science and Public Administration Sundura Mah. Lise Cad. No: 79 Hopa, Artvin, TURKEY 06800 This study discusses the logic of good qualitative and quantitative research, focusing on the discussions of how we should reach to the facts via social science research. This study basically draws a broad angle of the social science inquiry examining theoretical basis of social science methodology set by pioneering scholars such as Popper, Kuhn, Farayabend, Lakatos, Ackerman, and Harding. Building on King, Keohane, and Verba’s (1994) research, the study provides critical evaluation of social science inquiry indicating that the logic of good qualitative and quantitative research do not differ methodologically and substantively. The differences are only stylistic. All good research derives from the same underlying logic of inference. There are two styles of research but one logic of inference. The differences between two researches are only stylistic and the distinctions are not important methodologically and substantively. Keywords: Social science research, Qualitative research, Quantitative research, Kuhn’s paradigms, critical evaluation X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5031 Road safety behaviour of primary school learners: A longitudinal assessment of selected South African cases Gerda van Dijk Professor School of Social and Government Studies, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa, 2530 The WHO (2013) reports that 1.24 million people die annually as a result of road traffic crashes with young people considered to be especially vulnerable. Furthermore, 92% of these crashes occur in low and middle-income countries such as South Africa (RTMC, 2015). The three year longitudinal study, using a mixed methods approach and administered in five selected sites throughout South Africa reports on findings pertaining to the road safety behaviour of primary school learners. A computer-based road safety environment was created and learners had to navigate their road safety choices when asked to walk from their house to their school. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour the research confirms that theoretical knowledge rarely translates into actual practice and that the road safety behaviour choices of learners are the product of their acquired knowledge. Recommendations pertaining to road safety education in particular focused on both contextual as well as cognitive development of learners. Road safety education will only lead to a change in behaviour if teachers make strong connections to learners’ interests and circumstances. The study acknowledges that safe road behaviour is difficult to achieve, but school leaders, community leaders, municipal authorities and traffic officials should partner with the schools - which could enhance the learning experience for learners if they perceive important role models actively demonstrating the significance of behaving appropriately on the road. By focusing on road safety holistically and in an integrated manner, including all stakeholders the probability of effecting long-term behavioural change is more realistic. List of references WHO. 2013. Global Status Report on Road Safety: Supporting a Decade of Action. Luxembourg: World Health Organization. Road Traffic Management Corporation (RTMC). 2015. SARAP Mthatha Scholar Patrol Assessment. Obtained from: http://www.rtmc.co.za/images/SARAP%20Report%20- %20Mthatha%20Schools%20-%20Sep15.pdf. Accessed on 14 November 2015. Keywords: Human resources,human resources prosess ,selection X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5033 From Social-Cyber Living to Voluntary Simple Living Ayse Asli Sezgin, Aykut Gül Assistant Professor, Prof. Dr. Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey Today, it has been frequently expressed the effect of the digitalized society and technology on our daily lives in an irremediable manner and the discussions over the transition into simple live have been drawing attention. These discussions, of which differences of real social lives have been specified by means of concepts such as cyber culture and cyber identities, contain criticisms towards the young people that are addicted to the fast living and consumption. The revolutionary place and importance of internet in the lives of the people, sociological, cultural, economical and psychological effects of the social media networks via internet become the subject matter of many studies in national and international areas. It has been observed that the positive or negative effect of social media on socializing and those they pave the way for spending most of the daily life of the individual, have been examined in these types of studies. How cyber identities isolate the individual within the delusion of socializing has been taken part in the psychological based studies in detailed.In this study, while daily lives under the effect of the technology, internet and in particular to social media networks have been addressed with a critical perception, voluntary simplicity concept and simple life approach will be used as a source in this critical approach. Keywords: Voluntary simplicity, everyday life, simple life, social media, technology X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5035 The Evaluation of the Central Government Budget in Turkey after the Financial Crisis of 2008 Kamil TUGEN Professor Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Finance Departmant Dokuzcesmeler 35160 Buca-İzmir /TURKEY Central Government Budget consists of the entire of Regulatory and Controller Institutions Budget, General and Special Budgeted Administrations. It represents the majority of public sector which composes 40% of national economy. Whereas the national economy shapes the Central Government Budget, the budget also has a significant affect in the development of the national economy. As the crisis of 2008 has effected first and foremost the United States, and then the whole world, this financial crisis had a negative impact on the Central Government Budget in Turkey as well. In particular, the decline in tax revenues increased the budget deficits. However, before, Central Government budget deficits had been decreasing rapidly in Turkey owing to the economic stability policies implanted within 2001 and 2008. Since 2010, Central Government budget balance has begun to progress in accordance with the goals determined before 2008. In this study, the effects of financial crisis of 2008 on the Central Government Budget will be analyzed and reviewed in the light of current developments. Keywords: Central Government Budget, Financial Crisis, Budget Deficit X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5036 Assesment of Gender Budgeting to Increase the Women Employment in Turkey Ahmet OZEN Assistant Professor Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Finance Department Dokuzcesmeler 35160 Buca-İZMİR /TURKEY To have a social government characteristic is one of the primarily aims for democratic states which are sensible to public values and bring synergy with the society. It can be said that women take significant place in economy in the countries that have made important progress on this aim. Governments have various tools to achieve this target. Thus the budget is the main fiscal policy tool for any government that aims to achieve the target on a level of human development. The public budget has to have some characteristics to achieve this target. Having a social budgeting and gender budgeting approach to support it are a few of those characteristics. Gender budgeting is a kind of social budgeting approach. Social budgeting approach will be described as the decision of public policies to the public priorities and the inclusion of these priorities to the budgeting process which is the main fiscal tool. As first implemented in Australia the gender budgeting is an application to raise the status of women in the society. In this sense the public budgets have serious functions to end the discrimination between women and men. When the situation that women have only the 1 percent of whole assets of the world and latter than men at the education level is taken into account, it comes insight of why governments have to take steps for gender budgeting. In this study by the discussion of women employment there have given some advices to apply gender budgeting in Turkey. Keywords: Public Budgeting, Social Budgeting, Gender Budgeting X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5037 The Comparative Analysis of Private and Public Sector External Debts in Turkey Ayse ATILGAN YASA PhD Student Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Dokuzcesmeler 35160 Buca-İzmir / TURKEY After the 1980s, globalization that has affected many countries and Turkey, led to the adoption of open economy policies and has brought external debt along with it. External debt, which has initially seen as an additional source of financing by underdeveloped and developing countries, might be as an instrument to execute the investments, economic growth and development when it is used in an effective and productive manner. On the contrary, when external debts are not used efficiently and revenues are not adequate for the repayment of capital and interests of external debts, it is clearly seen that there occurs negative effect of the external debt in the growth targets of those countries.Gross external debt stock composed of central bank, private sector and public sector’s debts has been increasing since the open economy policies has firstly been implemented. Today, external debt of private sector has exceeded the total external debt of public sector and central bank due to the policies aiming to decrease the budget deficit and to repay noninterest surplus etc. In Turkey, it is seen that as external debt in public sector has been transferred to private sector in which borrowing is made in the currency of US dollars, the exchange currency rate has been influenced from that. This study will focus on the development of external debt of private and public sector in Turkey, the bilateral interaction of each other as well as the consequences of it in an comparative manner. Keywords: External Debt, Public Sector, Private Sector X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5040 A General Evaluation On The Effect Of Internet On Reinforcing and Mobilizing Political Activism Abdullah Yıldırmaz, Fatma Geçikli, Kamil Alacalı Department of Marketing and Advertising, Batman University Vocational School, Batman, Turkey The movements of activism have developed sophisticatedly recently. Organisations conducting activities in many fields come face to face with activism movements. Politics is one of these fields. Especially in countries ruled by democracy, both political parties and the people in management level get use of internet technologies in order to reinforce political participation and direct people in favour of their benefits.When the literature about political activism is searched for, lots of concepts from civil participation to political participation are encountered. Together with the explanations to these concepts, political activism ,in many sources, is defined as the activities conducted to affect the results of the elections or the structure of the management. In this context, how and in what form people involve in these activities gained different dimensions together with the developments in internet technologies. As the internet has become an indispensable part of life and the social media has become widespread, people have started to interact with the other people whether with the same political view or not. These means are used heavily to promulgate politcal views and find supporters in every process of political campaigns or electoral campaigns.For this reason,the contribution of communication means provided by internet is great in increasing the political participation and conduction of succesful campaigns. In this study, a general evaluation on the effects of internet usage on reinfocing and mobilizing the political activism and whether the the usage of internet contributes to politicai participation will be done.Keywords: Activism, Political Activism, Political Participation, Communication Means X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5041 manMandatory mediation in Divorce Proceedings as a Provisional Measure Tolga Akkaya Assistant Professor Anadolu University, Faculty Of Law, Department of Civil Procedure and EnforcementBankruptcy Law In this study, by utilizing practices in the comparative law and especially Switzerland, were focused on the opinion that under the Article 169 and 346 of the Turkish Civil Code, as a provisional measure to protect the child's interests, either on request or spontaneously can be given instructions to the parties (mother and father, parent) by the family court to contact the mediator or divorce (family) counselor. In this context, were explained, the reasons why we need mediation or divorce (family) counseling in terms of protection of the child's interests, experiences in foreign jurisdictions on the subject, the legal basis in Turkish positive law, the application method and the results of failure to fulfill court's order, the differences between the divorce mediation and divorce counseling. Keywords: Family Mediation, divorce, provisional and protective measures, protection of child's interests X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5042 The European Union As An Alternative Security System, and the Relations of Turkey with this System İbrahim S. Canbolat Professor Uludağ Üniversitesi,İİBF, Görükle-Bursa It is not so logical to compare the European Union (EU) with any international organization, especially without being comprehended truly within the historical and structural development of the union. On the basis of assumptions and arrangements of politics, the EU could be defined as a kind of supranational value sharing system which requires the sharing of national sovereignty in related fields to the high authority within the system.In historical retrospect, we observe that thoughtful propositions have been made public in order to integrate the Europe in a safe manner. When we look deeply into the idea of unifying the Europe, we find many thinker explained their own views favoring the integration of the Europe to reach a union for sake of establishing peace and security on the basis of political liberalism among the member states.The expectation of the contemporary context of the developmental activities of the EU is that the act of acquiring a common identity will help support the system in solving common problems through the institutions of the EU. The EU has been founded after a long painstakingly research through a process of change realized in a historical and political domain as well. EU provides not only economic benefits but also allocate social, political and cultural values which will be a part of daily life to protect the savings of the society. Regarding the Turkey's application to the EU for full membership, so there are different views in Turkey and Europe. These will be analyzed also. Keywords: European Union, Security System, Turkey, Full Membership X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5043 EFFECT OF TAX AMNESİTY TO TAX COLLECTİON İN TURKEY: AN EMPİRİCAL ANALYSİS ABOUT PERİODS OF 1990-2015 Halit ÇİÇEK, Doğan BOZDOĞAN Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Taşlıçiftlik Kampüsü, Maliye Bölümü, MERKEZ/TOKAT, TÜRKİYE Tax amnesty is a very commonly used tax tools especially in developing countries. In Turkey which is developing country is seen that referenced a lot to tax amnesties. Tax amnesties although spoil a good source of income in the short term as the voluntary compliance of taxpayers and taxpayers in the long run may be considered a practice that leads to forgiveness expectations at certain intervals. The literature research in Turkey to date from the first years of the Republic was founded exactly 33 times, though with different names, large and small, tax amnesty applications have been identified. It shows that out of approximately every 3 years a tax amnesty in Turkey. Amnesty expectations that the tax liability of the taxpayer (real or punishment) with taxpayers paying the preferred way to pay taxes on time, and at this point it decomposes. This question reveals some drawbacks. The first of these; The principle of tax justice is impunity. With another principle of justice is a kind of direct taxpayers who pay the tax on time is punished in connection. Another crime emerges is economic. New tax revenues in fiscal amnesty productivity is negatively affected due to the presence of institutions. In study, for the 1990-2015 period using the SVR technique with Turkey to try to put forward the effect of the tax amnesty on tax revenues, the data obtained and the interpretations of these data will be made a number of recommendations regarding the implementation forms of tax amnesties in the light. Keywords: Tax amnesity, tax revenue, tax justice X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5044 Usage of Social Media During Crisis Periods: Sample of “Carbon Emission in Diesel-Powered Vehicles” in Volkswagen Company KAMİL ALACALI, FATMA GEÇİKLİ, ABDULLAH YILDIRMAZ Artvin Çoruh University Artvin Vocational School Artvin Turkey Companies may encounter lots of crises and situations,the sources of which might be internal or external during their operational process.A crisis is somewhat a part of natural process.It is important to know what kind of a crisis a company faces,the time of the crisis,and to what degree the companies are prepared against the crisis.So many communication methods are used to combat with crisis.Besides,the social media,which have improved due to technological advances recently, have created an effective communication means because of not being only a receiver but also a transmitter where every kind of idea and feeling can be expressed freely owing to easy usage and access. Such a situation gives firms the possibility to access their clients quickly and free of charge as well as making it possible for the clients and other groups to transmit their messages to relevant or irrelevant persons easily because of being open to other users in social media. In this concept,using the social media freely may embody negative effects in that it can cause a crisis and discredit the company. Social media is one of the prominent aspects in crisis management on social media from the points of its dimensions ,and how,in what directions and by what kind of means the companies,especially those with international reputation, manage the process.In this study,crisis, crisis management and how the Volkswagen company,one of the leading companies in automobile sector having the most followers in social media(Facebook) has managed the crisis about “the carbon emission in diesel-powered vehicles” on the socal media are handled in general. Keywords: Crisis,Crisis Management,Communication Means,Social Media X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5045 Going out of the borders: Reading habits, interests and tendencies of students living in villages Abdullah Kaldirim, Omer Faruk TAVSANLI, Muhammet Rasit MEMIS Department of Turkish Language Education, Dumlupınar University, Kutahya, Turkey Human beings learn new things as they read different kinds of texts; this eventually leads them to purse new information, and consequently, they are easily able to keep up with the fast-changing world. Underlying the objectives of the Turkish National Education System which are to educate individuals who understand, research, analyze, criticize, question, interpret, and have a full grasp of his/her rights and responsibilities, and have scientific thought include reading and reading comprehension. However, when we examine studies such as PISA that aims both to reveal the reading culture in Turkey and to internationally establish the status of reading comprehension of Turkish students, and the Map of Turkish Reading Culture (Ministry of Culture, 2011), it is clearly seen that reading in Turkey has not earned the value it deserves. Given the fact that societies have to re-define and re-structure themselves in every field as a result of the developments that have taken place in the world in the last century, it is revealed that the Turkish society whose majority has failed to acquire the literate forms of thinking, failed to acquire the habit of reading and does not have a particular reading culture urgently has to deal with the problem of reading. It is because reading is the key to acquiring, structuring, generating and disseminating the information. It would be unwise to expect to see a society surviving in the 21st century during which rapid developments are experienced since the society is likely to fail to generate information as a result of not reading and eventually unable to accomplish for a better future. Within this framework, many studies aimed at revealing the reading habits of individuals studying at different levels of education and age groups in Turkey have been carried out. When the content of the previous studies (Sahin, 2009; Arici; 2005; Ari and Demir, 2013; Can, Turkyilmaz and Karadeniz, 2010; Gur, 2014; Mete, 2012) are examined, it is clearly seen that the universe and samples of these studies were composed of participants who spent their lives in urban city centers. However, as a result of scanning the web bases such as Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Taylor and Francis Online, EBSCO Academic Search Complete and ULAKBIM of Social Sciences, it was found that no study was done in Turkey that investigated the reading habits, interests and tendencies of students living in rural areas and villages. Within this framework, this study designed according to qualitative research method aims to investigate the reading habits, interests and tendencies of secondary school students living in rural areas and villages. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews will be conducted in order to collect the data for this study. After the interview questions are prepared, they will be presented to four experts in the relevant field for their expert views and then a pilot study will be implemented to test these questions. The data to be obtained during the collection process will initially be analyzed and based on these data, content analysis will be carried out in order to constitute the subthemes. During the process of constituting the sub-themes, two more experts in addition to the researcher will analyze the data in detail and the sub-themes will be constituted. As a result of data analysis, the reliability of the study will be calculated by the formula of “Reliability = Consensus / (Consensus + Dissensus) x 100”. In order to determine the participants for the study, “analogous (homogeneous sampling)” technique, one of the techniques of purposeful sampling, will be used. The students living and studying in the villages of the province of Kutahya will be included in the study. The students and their families will be contacted and informed that a study titled “Reading Habits, Interests and Tendencies of Students Living in Villages” is planned and asked for their consent whether they wish to take part in the interviews for the study. As a result of the interviews, 15 students will be included into the sampling by making sure that individuals who may be a party to the problem are at the highest level of homogeneity. Keywords: Reading habit, rural teen literacy, interest and tendencies, students living in villages, rural young adults X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5046 INFLUENCE ON TAX COLLECTION OF TAX PENALTIES IN TURKEY: AN EMPIRICAL REVIEW BETWEEN YEARS OF 2000-2015 Doğan BOZDOĞAN, Halit ÇİÇEK Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Maliye Bölümü Taşlıçiftlik Kampüsü TOKAT/TÜRKİYE The tax is an important revenue of the state in terms of resources needed to fulfill its public spending. States operate this resource effectively in accordance with that rule sooner they have. Taxpayers may be faced with different reactions according to the perception of the shape or the taxpayer before the tax administration. Examples of such tax evasion response, stated in the law or not fulfill assignments on time and to be given a higher tax revolt that size. Responses indicated that criminal liability arises at the point where the nature of the crime wins. İn this context activity on tax collection of the already existing tax penalties is an issue discussed in the literature. In the study whit using the technique of SVR will attempt to put forward their implications for tax collection between the tax penalty year 2000-2015 in Turkey. Keywords: TAX PENALTY, TAX COLLECTION, TAX REVENUE X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5047 A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF RISK MANAGEMENT DISCLOSURES IN BORSA ISTANBUL Cagla Demir, Burcu Adiloglu PhD Student, Assoc. Prof. İstanbul Bilgi University, Eski Silahtarağa Elektrik Santrali, Kazım Karabekir Cad, No:2/13 Eyüp/İstanbul The concepts of risk management and risk disclosures have received considerable attention all over the world lately. However, there have been no research conducted about risk disclosure practices in Turkey. This paper attempts to find out the risk management disclosure practices within a sample of non-financial companies in BIST Corporate Governance Index. This sample selection based on the assumption that as a part of good corporate governance these companies will be more advanced in their risk disclosures. Their annual reports for the year 2015 have been used for content analysis (a sentence based approach was used). Risk information disclosures were analyzed considering the nature and classification of the risks, temporal context (time orientation) and quantitative or qualitative nature of the risks disclosed. No previous risk disclosure studies related to non-financial companies in Turkey have been done, therefore this research is valuable in linking risk management and transparency. This study is also important for accounting setters and regulators which will help accounting setters to improve risk disclosures in annual reports, management analysis and discussions; for regulators to release a mandatory risk disclosure standard which will effect all decision makers by providing information to analyse risk position of companies. The results reveal that in absence of any regulatory guidance Turkish companies are not voluntarily reporting risk information in the annual reports. Quantified risk disclosures are in the minimum level and the biggest part of the risk disclosures are related to general statements about companies’ risk policies which are not provide useful information about risks they face. It is also obviously seen that financial risks are the most important part of risks that are disclosed because of the capital market regulations. Keywords: Risk management, risk disclosures, content analysis, Turkey, Borsa Istanbul X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5050 Self-esteem and Academic self-efficacy : Differences according to Gender, Class and CGPA of English Department Students Derya Oktar Ergur Assistant Professor Department of English Language and Literature, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Turkey The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship betwen self-esteem and academic self-efficacy of a public university students. Additionally, it aims to study whether selfesteem and academic self-efficacy scores are affected by differences in gender, class and CGPA of the students. The research was conducted on 394 students who have been enrolled in English Linguistics and English Translation and Interpretation Departments at the Faculty of Letters at Hacettepe University, in Ankara, Turkey. ‘Self-Esteem Scale’ developed by Rosenberg and ‘Academic Self-Efficacy Scale’ developed by Jerusalem and Schwarzer were administered. A personal information form was also prepared by the researcher to gather some personal data about the participants. T-Test, KruskalWallis Test and Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient Test were used to analyze the data. The results of this study suggest that majority of the students have moderate self-esteem and academic self-efficacy and a significant relationship (r=0.464, p=0.00) was found between self-esteem and academic self-efficacy of these students. Moreover, a significant difference between CGPA groups of students’ academic self-efficacy scores and a significant difference between the classes of students’ self-esteem scores were observed. However, no significant difference was found between female and male students’ self-esteem scores, no significant difference between CGPA groups of students’ academic self-efficacy scores and no significant difference between the classes of students’ academic self-efficacy scores. From these findings, it was recommended that lecturers and university counseling services need to identify ways to improve students’ self-esteem and academic self-efficacy to enhance their academic performance. Keywords: English students, self-esteem, academic self-efficacy, gender, class, CGPA X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5051 Media Reliability and Effects of Ideological Trends to Press Preferences Hayrullah YANIK, Nurettin GÜZ, Hayrullah YANIK, Ceren YEGEN Other, Prof. Dr., Arş. Gör., Arş. Gör. Gazi Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi 8.Cad. 81. Sokak No:2 06490 Emek / Ankara The reliability for media as corporate has great importance in preferring media organizations as source of information and news. The reliability for press now or the reliability for press in the future plays a significant role in the determination of press choice. All over the world almost every media company and in general organizations that incorporates within media organizations periodically test and research the media reliability with field study and plan their editorial policy according to findings constructed from studies. In ""media reliability report"" which was published in June 2013 in Turkey data reveals that 67 % of the public have problems with the media about media reliability. As their problems may be related to reliability to media, they may also vary depending on the preferred press organization one by one. When media organization is preferred, along with the reliability, ideological trends play key role too. How much proportion reliability and ideological trends play role in the press choice is the main subject of this study. Within the scope of the study first of all theoretical framework and different approaches on the issue will be discussed. Then the effect of media reliability and ideological tendencies to media choice will be examined by considering the field study which will be applied to university students in Ankara. Keywords: Media, Newspapers, Reliability, Ideology, Readers. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5052 Uşak Carpet Motifs on Ceramic Art and Applications Ismail Yardimci, Fatmanur Taylan Fine Arts Faculty,Department of Ceramic,Usak University,Turkey Carpet is an indispensable element of Turkish everyday life and important area of Art history and traditional Turkish handicrafts. Pazırık`s carpet is the world's first sample piece of carpet. With this unique sample, the Turks have provided an important work of art and utility items to the world's civilizations. Turkish communities from different regions with growing cultural interaction, reflected their motives, colors, and their sense of art on carpet compositions and carried them to the present. Uşak is one of cities that affected most the art of carpet and woven in Anatolia. For hundreds of years, carpets woven in this region were demanded, wanted and used as prestigious products in many countries of the World. In this study, the art of Usak carpets’ rich compositions, motives and colors were combined with the ceramic art’s decor application. At this point, the art of carpet and the art of ceramic gained special esthetics within an original concept. Keywords: Carpet Arts, Ceramic Arts,Motives, Usak X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5053 Traditional Newspaper Publishing Under The Pressure Of Internet Speed: Transformation of News Flow and Currency Ugur Kucukozyigit Dr. Faculty of Communication, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey One of the most important value in news production is the stories’ “currency”. Current stories are followed more closely by the masses and the old ones remove from the agenda of both masses and journalists. Especially in recent years, news is being spreaded continuously by live broadcasts, breaking news and internet. People can also follow the events by computers, tablets or mobile phones throughout the day. At the end there are prime-time bulletins. This means that the media’s race which accelerated by technology circulates the news widely untill night. Amazing speed of the communication is tranforming the prominant news value: “freshness/currency”. One day (as 24 hours) was enough for the traditional production rate of newspapers. But it is no longer possible to continue at the same pace. This is because we live in a world that the developments are outdating within munites. Information is consumed at an incredible rate and so journalists are now faced with a critical question: “How would we convince people to buy our newspapers which are made of yesterday’s events?” This study examines the needs of journalists and news production for a better circulation. The analysis is expected to help newspapers to adopt themselves the new age’s Currency or Timeliness. Keywords: News Value, Journalism, Currency, Timeliness X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5054 The Use of News and Language in Turkish Press: Transformation of Last 50 Years Ugur Kucukozyigit Dr. Faculty of Communication, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey Publishing of an interesting story as news is usually hasty and nonstop procedure which needs prompt decisions. The prominent actors of this procedure are Journalists and their decisions have been effected by individual, social and professional conditions. For a reporter, news-making activity is constructing the strongest message by evaluating the interaction of these conditions. İnterrelationship between the conditional variables and news judgement also describe the formation of mass communication medium. This study will examine how media have been affected by Turkey’s social change, transformation of the journalism profession and language experienced in last fifty years. To follow the trend of newpapers and news production, this research will analyse three Turkish newspapers’ (Hurriyet, Milliyet, Cumhuriyet) historic issues between 1960-2015. Findings are expected to enlight the transformation of mass communication medium and future of news production. Keywords: news-making, news decision, mass communication X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5057 Examining the influence of psychological well-being, religious worldviews and self-confidence on family leadership orientation Meryem Berrin BULUT PhD Student Department of Psychology, University of Ahi Evran, Kirsehir, Turkey In this study the influence of psychological well-being, religious worldviews and selfconfidence on family leadership orientation is examined. In total of 226 college students of Science-Literature Faculty in Middle Anatolian region participated voluntarily to the study. Data were collected with the help of Psychological Well-Being Scale, Religious Worldviews Scale, Self-Confidence Scale and Family Leadership Orientation Scale. It is expected that psychological well-being, religious worldviews and self-confidence have positive correlations with family leadership orientation. Quantitative analyses techniques were used in analyzing the data. The findings showed that, as expected, there are statistically significant relationships between the factors of family leadership orientation and religious worldview, psychological well-being and self-confidence level of participants. The findings of this study is discussed and some suggestions are made. Keywords: well-being, worldviews, confidence, family, leadership X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5062 An Evaluation of the effectiveness of the services provided to abused women in a Gulf country Amal Elgamal Assistant Professor Social Sience , Qatar University Violence against women (VAW) represents a severe violation of the most basic women's rights as a human being, and an infringement on the rights of women in Islamic law, and contrary to international covenants on human rights. VAW encompassed a wide range of abuse including physical, psychological, health, social, and financial. Purpose/Goals: the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of the services and intervention programs offered to abused women in a number of institutions that offer such services. Methodology: In order to achieve the goals of this research project, there is a need to collect data from various sources. These included, service users (abused women), service providers and experts in the field. Thus, data will be collected from a sample of abused women using a questionnaire. The questionnaire is designed specifically for this research. The sample will be selected from a frame of 300 abused women, on simple random selection of (150). In addition, focus group discussions will be organized with professional people who are specialized in women and family issues, also all service providers (N=100) in the above mentioned institutions will be asked to respond to a questionnaire designed to evaluate the service. Results: the data collected will provide evidence on types of violence that women experience, and the consequences of violence on them and their children. Also result will show the quality of the services provided to abused women, and whether these services are effective or not in alleviating the suffering of abused women. Recommendations: the finding of the research will assist in recommending a social work intervention program aimed at responding to problems of abused women, to better assist them in leading a normal life with dignity and worth. Keywords: violence against women, intervention programs, Qatar, social work X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5063 Turkey and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Prospects and Reality Gurol Baba Assistant Professor Social Sciences University of Ankara, Faculty of Political Science, Department of International Relations, Hukumet Meydani, No.2, Ankara, Turkey Turkey’s seek for Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) membership was a consequence of Ankara’s multifaceted foreign policy paradigm, particularly heightened after 2007. This new paradigm falls into the conceptual category of emerging middle powers diplomacy. As a foreign policy behavioral aspect, these powers seek for amplifying their voice in various relevant regions, via multilateral platforms. One of the regions that Turkey, in the post-2007 era, aspired to be more relevant was Asia, especially Central and Southeast Asia. SCO, as a multilateral platform, has a peculiar significance, not only in terms of its potential to support Turkey’s profile as an economic and commercial investor in Central Asia but also to provide a leverage to Ankara in fostering energy contracts for future pipelines to bring Central Asian energy to Europe via Turkey. This paper aims to explore Ankara’s multifaceted foreign policy from emerging middle powers perspective. In this framework, the paper elaborates possible implications of Turkey’s, which is currently a dialogue partner, SCO membership regarding the balance of power in Central Asia. For this elaboration the paper aims to answer two main questions: how could Turkey manage the prospects of Central Asian states in order to harvest their support and secondly under what circumstances and conditions could Turkey transmogrify Chinese and Russian noncommitment for its membership? Keywords: Middle Powers, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Turkey, Russia, China X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5064 GILDING DECORATIONS IN CERAMIC ARTS AND APPLICATIONS ON CERAMIC SURFACES Ismail Yardimci, Beril Gökakın, Omer Gorkem Fine Arts Faculty,Department of Ceramics, Usak University,Turkey History of ceramics is old as the history of human race, it has been used in different shapes and forms by different civilizations. Ceramic forms has shaped according to the needs of the human race as daily ware, ritual ware and ornaments thus became an instrument that enlightens the history by carriying the remains of different cultures. Mankind decorated any object to please the eye, to glorify the environment where they lived since the beginning of the man’s history. The aim of decoration on ceramic surfaces which has been developed in company with ceramics during centuries; adding aesthetic value to the form, strenghtening it by the shape-decoration relation and loading it different meanings.Gilding in ceramic arts can be studied under the title overglaze decorations. Gilding decorations, began pervading in manufactoring mass producted goods, parallel to the development of modern ceramic industry. Gilding decorations defined as a thin film like layer which remains after firing valuable metal solutions that contains gold, silver, platinium or palladium at 500°C to 800°C. As it is an expensive procedure, brush decocation is preferred but other techniques like rubber stamps or screen printing can be used. Today gilding is not only applied by factories on tableware, souveniers and ornaments but also used by many contemporary ceramic artists on art works. Keywords: Gilding, Ceramics, Decoration X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5065 Reflections of Ottoman Miniature Arts in 16th and 17th Centuries to Ceramic Arts Ismail Yardimci, Vefa Irdelp, Fatih Sayın Fine Arts faculty, Department of Ceramics, Usak University,Turkey The word miniature is based on italian word for “miniatur” and bases on the red liquid named “minium” that used by the painters who decorates the books. The term miniature easily fit in the meaning for paintings in India, Persia and Turkey as the Eastern named the tiny little paintings miniature. Ottoman miniature, lived its golden era between 16th and 17th centuries. Ottoman miniature arts valuable for the Ottoman Empire, the palace hired artists to constitude a community named “ehl-i hıref” since Fatih period. This community worked for the Sultan during the Ottoman Empire’s wealthy and politically influent periods and created many precious art works. When Ottoman miniature arts studied visually, it’s understood that the styles (human figure, animal figures, sea waves, clouds in the sky, plants in nature, trees, mountains etc.) are very detailed in colour and material. In this study; examples of Ottoman period’s miniature artists’ and contemporary ceramic artists’ works are presented refer to their techniques, materials. Keywords: Miniature Arts, Ceramic Arts, Ottoman Arts X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5067 LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF MODERN COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS IN THE LEGISLATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA – DE LEGE LATA AND DE LEGE FERENDA Emir Sudzuka Assistant Professor University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Law, Hrasnička cesta 15, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina This paper analyzes the provisions of applicable Civil Obligations Acts in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as Draft of Civil Obligations Act referring to commercial contracts. As Bosnia and Herzegovina don't have a special commercial code, it is important to interpret the provisions of existing regulations of general contract law. The reform process of contract law in Bosnia and Herzegovina started in 2003, but it's not completed yet. Contemporary trade business operations are specific by innovations characterized by the introduction of new participants in the market, emergence and development of new models of doing business and new business-legal constructions that eventually become new nominate agreements. That is the main reason why domestic contract law should be reformed and new types of modern forms of commercial contracts should be introduced as it is already done in most contemporary legal systems. Commercial contracts are of great importance for the legal and economic system of modern countries, especially for developing countries. Therefore, there is strong need for establishment effective and usable legal framework of modern commercial contract law in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to improve the legal environment for overall economic and social development. Keywords: commercial contracts, reforms, Civil Obligations Act, modern contracts X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5068 INCREASING SHARE OF INDIRECT TAXES IN TAX REVENUES IN TURKEY Ebru Cilli, Goksel Karas Usak University, aculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Business Administration The most important sources of income are taxes in public revenues. Taxes have many fiscal and extra fiscal functions and they are one of the most important tools of fiscal policy. Taxes are generally classified as direct and indirect taxes in the tax systems. The direct-indirect taxes rate is of great significance in terms of the fiscal targets. The range of direct and indirect taxes show some differences according to the development levels of countries. While the share of direct taxes in total tax revenues is quite high before 1980s in Turkey; there has been a rapid transition from indirect taxes to direct taxes in Turkey ever since 1980s. The share of direct taxes in total tax revenues has reached to 60 percent. The increase of the direct taxes’ share in total tax revenues gives rise to several problems as well as the positive situations. In this study; the increase of indirect taxes in Turkey is discussed in terms of the objectives of fiscal policy and a comparison of the share of indirect taxes is made between Turkey and European Union member states. Keywords: Tax, Indirect Taxes, The Share of Indirect Taxes in Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5069 Consent Production over News Discourse: The Analysis of News about Transition to Presidential System in Turkey Abdulkadir GÖLCÜ, Mustafa ŞEKER New Media Department, Uşak University, Turkey The concept of hegemony in media studies means that the ideas of the ruling class become ruling ideas in society. According to this approach, mass media and news media are controlled by the dominant class or political rulers in society which use it as a vehicle for producing political and social consent over the rest of society. In this process, news texts have become one of the most suitable areas for production of social consent in terms of political situations. That is why; these texts are given a huge importance not only by journalists or media experts but also politicians and social actors. Generally, production process and discourse structures of news texts can shape or affect to readers perceptions about the political events or situations. Being aware of this, news media and political actors try to form public opinions and produce social consent about their policies or implementations over news texts and discourses placed in news texts. Especially news discourse is the most suitable place for shaping political perceptions and legitimizing political implementations. In this study news published in the Turkish newspapers which have close relations with political power will be analyzed in terms of consent production about transition to presidential system in Turkey. For sampling, five newspapers and five discussions were selected. As a qualitative research method, Critical Discourse Analysis Method will be used for the analysis. Keywords: Consent Production, Media, News Discourse, discourse analysis X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5070 Economic Impacts of International Terrorism Based Migration Movements Fatma Yapıcı, Abdulkerim Eroğlu Dokuz Eylül University, İ.İ.B.F, Maliye, Buca-İzmir, Turkey Generally, international migration movements occurs based on political, social, economic, and geographical reasons, cause many problems faced by nation states. Especially, in recent years, terrorism comes out as one of the most important reason of these international migration movements. Unlike international mass exodus induced by terrorism usually give rise to the destruction effects on host nation-states, international migration that took place due to other reasons may have a positive impact on the economic performance of the host nation-states. Therefore, host national states characterize terrorism based immigration movements as threatening to their economies, and take more restrictive measures against it, compared to other immigration movements. In this study, firstly concept of international migration will be considered as regard to types and reasons by given to the views on the subject of economic schools. Latter, economic impacts of international migration will be defined theoretically and then to demonstrate differences economic and financial impacts of terrorism based immigration will be discussed. Finally, affects posed by the international migration will be attempted to be addressed according to economic development levels of the countries welcome to migrants. Keywords: terrorism, international migration, economic impacts of immigration X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5071 DIGITAL DEMOCRACY AND SOCIAL MEDIA Gülden Karakoç, Onur Taydaş, Enderhan Karakoç Selcuk University Vocational School Of Social Sciences, Konya, Turkey Depending on technological developments, internet is doubtlessly one of the most significant developments in communication field. In so commonly use of internet which is called “new media”, the effects of contents of internet is as important as that of investments on the field, mobile technologies, and satellite networks are also big. For that reason, the contents are gradually developing and utmost attention is paid to sustain its topicality. However, the social networks which both facilitate the communication between the individuals and provide them new relationships turned into a place where the “spiral of silence” is broken. Thanks to social networks, individuals both maintained their social relationships and they are able to comment on political and social events or react to those events. When it is considered within this context, the size of effects of social networks on the social events occurring all over the world may be seen. Starting from the reasons mentioned above, it is fact that all the members or citizens have equal rights in shaping the state policy. Especially through social networks, the citizens may directly transfer their reactions to the institutions, enterprises, politicians, administrators or bureaucrats and they may ask for their help for the deficiencies they encounter or may directly seek for answers to the questions arising in their minds based on their respondents. Hereby, it enables the individuals who are the fundamental principles of democracy gain a quality indicating they have equal rights in shaping the policies of the organization or state. For that reason, the researchers identify a new democracy such as “E-democracy”, “Democracy 2.0”, “Advanced democracy” and “Digital democracy” in their researches in order to draw attention to the significance of social networks and point out the new form of democracy. With reference to the developments experienced throughout the ages, the term democracy which different definitions were made will be discussed under the title of “Digital Democracy”. The differences between the classical perception of democracy and current perception of democracy and the effects of social media on democratic societies will be explained through the literature review. Keywords: Democracy, social network, social media. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5072 Turkish Version of 10-Item Big Five Inventory’s Psychometric Properties Ayşe Sibel TÜRKÜM, Seydi Ahmet SATICI, Muhammet Fatih YILMAZ, Ahmet Rıfat KAYİŞ Department of Psychological Counselling and Guidance, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey The present study investigates the validity and reliability of Turkish version of 10-item short version of Big Five Inventory. The adaptation procedure includes four steps which was carried out with different participants. The first step (N1=44) which is language equivalence study results shows that language equivalence coefficients for extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience respectively .77,.74,.71,.74 and .72. In the second step (N2=357) we conducted confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and concurrent validity. CFA results indicated that five dimensional model was well fit: ; x2(25, N=357)=55.86, p<.001;CFI=.97;GFI=.97;IFI=.97;SRMR=.041;RMSEA=0.059 90%C.I.[.038, 0.080]. Concurrent validity result also showed that Turkish version of Short form of Big five ınventory’s sub-dimension associated with Adjective Based on Personality Test’s subdimension’ correlation ranged from r=.13 to r=.46. On the third step (N3=351) we conducted the discriminant validity. Discriminant validity results showed that participants’ life satisfaction levels significantly varies with extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness but do not significantly varies with openness to experience and neuroticism. Also participants’ subjective happiness levels significantly varies with extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism but do not significantly vary with openness to experience. On the forth step we analyze Cronbach alpha and test-retest reliability of the scale. Cronbach alpha coefficients respectively for extraversion α2=.74,α3=.70,αtotal=71, for agreeableness α2=.74,α3=.69,αtotal=.73, for conscientiousness α2=.73,α3=.62,αtotal=.68, for neuroticism α2=.71,α3=.73,αtotal=.71 and for openness to experience α2=.78,α3=.65,αtotal = .73. Also test-retest coefficients were range from .64 to .79. Overall, the results showed Turkish Version of 10-Item Big Five Inventory’s psychometric properties are adequate. Keywords: Big five, scale adoption, validity, reliability, university student X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5073 The Effect of Group Counselling on to Decreasing Loneliness and Enhancing Life Satisfaction Levels of University Students Muhammet Fatih YILMAZ, Ayşe Sibel TÜRKÜM Department of Psychological Counselling and Guidance The aim of this study is to examine the effect of group counselling for enhancing life satisfaction and decreasing loneliness levels of university students. Twenty-two students volunteered to participate in the study. Nine participants (6 females, 3 males) were in experiment group and 8 participants (5 females, 3 males) were in control group. UCLA Loneliness Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale were used as data collection tools. The research is a 2X2 experimental design that examines two groups (experiment and waiting list control group) via pre-test and post-test. Group counselling process which applied to the experimental group consists of eight sessions and each session lasted approximately 90 minutes. Data analyzed by Mann–Whitney and Friedman’s test. According to the results, when post-test scores of experiment and control group were compared, significant differences were determined on favor of experiment group on the scores of Loneliness Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale. When the pre-test and post-test scores of experiment group was compared, it was found that there were significant differences on the scores of Loneliness Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale. When pre-test and post-test results of control group was compared, any significant differences were not determined in terms of neither their loneliness nor their life satisfaction levels. Consequently, it was found that 8-session group counselling had significant effects on decreasing loneliness levels and increasing life satisfaction levels of students. Keywords: Group counselling, loneliness, life satisfaction, university student X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5074 Syrian Refugees in Denizli (Turkey Hacer Vildan Yavuz Master Student Department of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations In less than 5 years, more than 4.7 million people, including men, women, and children have left their countries for their own safety and protection due to the war, oppression, violence, and inhumane treatment in Syria. The first Syrian refugee to cross the Turkish-Syrian border was in April 2011. As of February 2016, the number of refugees in Turkey has increased to 2.6 million, with only 260.000 refugees living in their designated camps. Due to the limited capacity of camps, refugees have spread out to many different cities in Turkey. Denizli is one of those cities. This study was carried out on refugees who have left their country because of the war and conflict in Syria. Research/Study was carried out in-depth interview which is a qualitative analysis method. Seven refugees from the Sumer and Akhan neighbourhood in Denizli were interviewed from the 5th to the 9th of December 2014. In this study, participants were asked a series of questions, prepared in Turkish, with help from an Arabic interpreter. The conversations were recorded with the participants consent. The average interview length was around 35 minutes; the shortest interview was 19 minutes and the longest one was 58 minutes. Interviews were carried out in participants/refugees home with their consent. All of the participants in this study remained anonymous and independently designated. The findings obtained from these interviews provided information about both the emigration process of refugees and their labour, shelter, and overall living conditions in Denizli Keywords: Syrian refugees, refugee crisis, migration, Denizli, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5075 Ecological Innovation by Sustainable Development and Industrial Policy: Example of EU and Turkey (Sürdürülebilir Gelişme ve Sanayi Politikası Bağlamında Ekolojik İnovasyon: AB ve Türkiye Örneği) Neslihan Celik Assistant Professor Vocational School of Social Sciences,Marmara University,Istanbul,Turkey Industrialization policy is one of the tools of economic development, and increasing of technological ability and competitive strength. In today’s World, the economic crisis and environmental problems accelerated the arguments regarding a sustainable industrial policy, a sustainable consumption, production and innovation. EU industry policy, who aims a competitive industry with core dynamics of sustainable growth and employment, has been taking attention with its values regarding ecological innovation and green technologies. The ecological innovation has been considered as a type of innovation which reduces the environmental effects, and helps effective usage of natural resources. In this study, EU and Turkey’s approaches to ecological innovation regarding sustainable development and industrialization policy are examined. Keywords: Industrial policy,Development, Ecological Innovation,Innovation, X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5076 The Effect Of Visiting Museums On The Students Of Social Studies ARZU AYDIN YILDIZ Teacher ODTU GV OZEL KYOD ORTAOKULU YENİDOGAN, TEKİN SOKAK NO:16 İZMİT The lesson of social studies is no more a recitation lesson and has become a new programme due to its redesigned curriculum including active learning process and highlighted out of classroom practises. Undoubtedly, one of the visited destinations is the museum. Museums offer the chance of affective and experimental learning besides informative learning. The aim of this study is to emphasize the significance and place of museums in learner-centered education. Keywords: museum, social studies, musem with education X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5079 THE ANALYSİS OF TURKEY’S HAZELNUT EXPORTATİON WİTH A QUANTİTATİVE APPROACH Bilge GÖZENER, Murat SAYILI Gaziosmanpasa University Agricultural Faculty Department of Agricultural Economics 60240, Tokat-Turkey In this study, the factors affecting Turkey’s hazelnut exportation are analyzed by the usage of 21 years of data collected through 1992-2012 period. Cobb Douglas production function is used in the study. Also, in the first formed model, supply and demand models are formed and analyzed to define the statistically most meaningful consumption and production variables in explaining the hazelnut exportation. The determination coefficient (R2) in the hazelnut exportation, hazelnut supply and hazelnut demand equations varies between 0.482 and 0.979. According to the research findings, there is a decreasing returns to scale in hazelnut exportation model while there is an increasing returns to scale in hazelnut supply and demand models. In Turkey’s hazelnut exportation model; hazelnut world prices, shelled hazelnut production amount, domestic hazelnut kernel consumption amount and almond exportation amount are statistically meaningful. In Turkey’s hazelnut supply model; hazelnut market price and walnut-hazelnut price parity; in Turkey’s hazelnut demand model, almond-hazelnut price parity, shelled hazelnut production and walnut price variables are determined to be statistically meaningful. Keywords: Hazelnut, Exportation, Demand, Supply, Cobb-Douglas Model X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5080 RADICAL PROPOSAL TO THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING OF TEACHERS WHO WORK IN NATIONAL EDUCATION İbrahim Habaci, Emre Ata, Cahit Ekici çanakkale onsekiz mart university,çanakkale,turkey In shaping a society, the importance of educational institutions is unquestionable. Improving individuals’ minds, adapting them to the society, raising their citizenship awareness and having them embrace the social values can be counted as the primary responsibilities of the teachers working in these institutions. They also have the missions and responsibilities like being a role-model, preparing them to future and finally having them be productive and responsible people. From that perspective, teachers’ being taught in a sacred mission awareness thus putting much emphasis on their own proficiency, being successful in their job, loving their job, giving superior importance to preparing their students to the future or reengineering the society have an extra importance. They are expected to be pedagogically complete and have further general knowledge than the society. In our research, we aimed the teachers’ updating their knowledge, gaining them professional satisfaction and having them look forward to the future with hope thanks to an academic information transmission between our universities and state school teachers. We called this model as “Academic Information Bridge”. With this model, after signing the protocols between universities and state schools, there will be small meetings at the end of each month to find solutions to the problems of the state school teachers and by doing so academic staff will also be able to update their knowledge and thereby universities educational quality will be improved. Keywords: Teacher Training, Cooperation with Universities, University-MEB relations, Teacher Proficiencies. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5081 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ORIENTED TRANSPORTATION POLICIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Enes YALÇIN, Yasin TAŞPINAR Selçuk University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences The rapid advancement of technology and ease of people’s access to the technological tools, have allowed the communities to be directly contact each other independently of where they are. This situation has been considered the leading actor for globalization, which is supposed to cause the world become smaller. Development of technology has not only impacted the communication but also has been effective on travel and transportation activities. Today the rate of access to means of travel and transportation and purchasing them personally has increased so substantially that, it cannot be compared with previous periods. Although having a motor vehicle provides the individuals speed, time saving and in a sense- comfort; the terribly increase of the means of transport other than the public ones has also brought along many problems, as well. Some of those negativities are; traffic accidents, parking problems, stress caused by urban transport difficulties, psychological traumas and the noise pollution caused by motor vehicles. Those negative phenomena mentioned give rise to local problems. On the other hand, the greenhouse gases derived of various compounds, which are exhausted to the atmosphere by motor vehicles, constitute a cause for the global warming and depletion of the ozone layer and they create a worldwide impact. The transportation sector that uses approximately 25% of the total energy of the world, is the second source of greenhouse gases after the electricity generation sector. Being aware of the fact that travel-transport has a wide service area with global impact, European Union (EU) develops and maintains various actions in order to reduce and limit the sector’s negative impacts on the environment. The subject of this study is to examine the actions and projects, which are continued and targeted by the EU, in this respect. With that aim in the study, first the historical background and the environmental fundamental principles of the EU will be dealt, and then environmental protection-oriented transportation policies of the EU will be evaluated after putting forward the environmental problems originating from transportation. Keywords: environmental protection, transportation, greenhouse gases, EU X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5082 The Role of the Culture and Art Sponsorship Activities in the Process of Creating a Positive Corporate Image Halil Tastekin Other Department of Public Relations and Advertising, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey Nowadays, we live in the era of the images and it is extremely important that have a positive image of the institutions to survive today. There are some ways to be able to have a positive corporate image for the institutions. One of these ways is to invest in culture and art sponsorship activities. The culture and art investments gives dignity to the institutions and plays a significant role in the process of creating a positive corporate image. In this perspective, the study handles the role of the culture and art sponsorship activities in the process of creating a positive corporate image. Keywords: image, corporate image, sponsorship, culture and art sponsorship X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5083 FEMINIST INSTITUTIONALISM: A GOOD COLLABORATION OF NEW INSTITUTIONALISM AND FEMINIST THEORIES Senay Eray Dr. Afyon Kocatepe Universitesi, Ahmet Necdet Sezer Kampusu In this study, it is intended to make a theoretical and a conceptual discussion in political sciences in the context of gender issues. Political science is a gender-blind discipline that ignores gender issues. Even though some feminist theories take part in the mainstream studies, they are evaluated as a marginalized category. One of the most important contributions of this study is the inclusion of feminist theories in the mainstream political studies through new institutionalism. In this study , it is intended to make a conceptual analysis of feminist institutionalism that is a good cooperation of new institutionalism and feminist theories. This theoretical combination of feminist institutionalism is a brand-new issue in political science discipline, that’s why, the discussions over the theory are very separated and not organized. Therefore, in this study it is intended to make an conceptual analysis of feminist theory and new institutional approaches and then present a model of feminist institutionalism as combining both new institutionalism and feminist theories within the theoretical categorization. Keywords: Feminist Institutionalism, New Institutionalism, Feminist Theory X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5084 THE UNCOMPROMISING COUPLE OF TURKISH MODERNIZATION; CULTURE and CIVILIZATION Ferhat Arık PhD Student Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus, Faculty of Lecture, Department of Sociology The distinction of ""culture and civilization"" is the outlook of the effort to build the Turkish modernization on a solid ground, which is beyond a scientific conceptual discussion for Turkish society. This conceptual duality -one of the reference points of Turkish modernization- seeks via which tools and how the inevitable and obligatory interaction with the ""modern world"" could be made. Shedding a light on one side of the modernization, this article studies the conceptual discussion through Turkish Sociology perspective. The conceptual discussion mainly focuses on two significant figures of the first and second period of transformation and transition in Turkish sociology, who are Ziya Gökalp and Erol Güngör respectively. Both great sociologists converted ""culture and civilization"" concepts into the base units of their analyzes to steer the Turkish modernization and determine the fundamental dynamics during a period when the current social structure was under transformation and transition. The period that Gökalp developed his analyzes is when an empire -entering into a dissolution process- had its final struggles because it could not keep the pace with the fast and threatening rise of the West. Failing with the rise of the West, the empire was dominated by the desire to be like the West. Experiencing the social depression in person, Gökalp tried to explain how a civilization could be transformed by preserving religious and nationalist identities via his ""culture and civilization"" distinction. Erol Güngör discussed the ""culture and civilization"" concepts in a different media with the impact of changing conditions and technological progress in a period when a national state was founded but when neither the industrialization nor urbanization and national economy was completely modernized. This study analyzes the Turkish modernization history in three parts. The first part is discussed with Ziya Gökalp approach, second with Erol Güngör and the third with post-1980 economic and politic discussions. Keywords: Culture, Civilization, Modernization, Turkish Modernization, Ziya Gökalp, Erol Güngör X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5085 Roman Jurists' Contributions to the Roman Law Ahmet Karakocalı Assistant Professor Anadolu University Faculty of Law Eskisehir Turkey The role of Roman jurists' was very high for having Roman law a qualification affecting many legal systems of today on private law. Roman law which was accepted in force between B.C 753- A.D. 565 has to be analyzed in dfferent periods by taking into account the changes in social and political spheres. However, it can not be claimed that jurists had the same contribution for the develpoment of law in each periods. The nature of the law was constantly changing and developing in Rome and one could not expect that Roman jurists could not be outdated by the changes and developments. At this point, basic tasks undertaken by Roman Jurists which could be stated as an expectation both sosciety and political bodies was not only tracing of the changes and development of the law but also was to contribute directly to the development of law studies. In this paper,we will try to show Roman Jurists contribitions for the development of law under the different titles Keywords: Roma law, Roman jurists, contributions X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5086 A FORGOTTEN ANTAGONIST OF ANATOLIAN PRESS: AFİF EVREN (1908 1977) Adem Demirsoy Dr. Department of Journalism, Faculty of Communication, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey Afif Evren who was born in 1908 wrote poems, stories and essays throughout his active journalism life beginning in 1922 as well as political news and comments. His books, essays, anecdotes, and serials are the works with the characteristics and value of documentary which all help us to understand the events of his period and recognize people. After 1952 when he had to close down the newspaper Babalık, he didn’t have a long term journalism business. For short periods, he wrote on the newspapers of Yeni Konya, Öğüt, YeniMeram, Zaman, Işık, Anadolu’da Hamle and Konya’nın Sesi. He had to frequently stand up to the newspaper Ekekon published by CHP due to his critics on the local services and he haershly criticized the newspaper and its newspaperman. Evren didn’t employ fear and anxiety in his works and didn’t regard journalism as the stepping-stone. In one of his article, he considered using his occupational authority and journalism or any individual work for his own benefit as a moral weakness. He preferred having by short hairs of his readers instead of political powers (CHP, DP). He occupied himself with the problems of others and sought for solution to those problems. For that reason, the Aunt Sally in his articles are mostly local and national political powers. Majority of the people who write in the newspapers in Anatolia during his period consisted of intellectuals including teachers, lawyers and doctors who conduct such activities as the side job. In this term, Evren is among the leaders. He doesn’t have another profession except journalism. He produced all his income from journalism, he lived by his pen, he didn’t have a profession except journalism and he leaned over backwards for this purpose. In this study, Afif Evren who is a forgotten opposition figure despite he should have left his trace in the Konya press with a long history was discussed. It was aimed in this study to reveal his contributions to the revealing and introducing the local cultural richness in addition to his opponent identity. Within this framework, the examples from the newspaper Babalık where he wrote majority of his political articles were analyzed. Keywords: Afif Evren, Opponent Press, Babalık newspaper, Konya media X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5088 Cyber Bullying Prediction on University Students' Views on Parents and Social Anxiety Levels Cagla Girgin Buyukbayraktar, Mustafa Baloglu, Sahin Kesici Selcuk University Aleaddin Keykubat Kampus Educational Science Department Selcuklu Konya The goal of this study is to determine whether university students' perceived views on parents and levels of social anxiety predict cyber bullying on a significant level. Our goal is to determine views of parents and levels of social anxiety that predicts cyber bullying of students and provide suggestions regarding prevention of cyber bullying in students. Our study group was comprised of 226 (76.4%) female and 70 (23.6%) male university students for a total of 296. We have used the "Young Parenthood Scale" developed by Young (1999) and adopted to Turkish by Soygüt, Çakır and Karaosmanoğlu (2008), the "Social Anxiety Scale" developed by Özbay and Palancı (2001), and "Cyber Bullying Scale" developed by Ancak, Kınay and Tanrıkulu (2012). According to results of this study, condesending/critical behaviours of mot- hers and feeling of worthlessness predict cyber bullying. Therefore, parents should behave in a manner to increase self-respect of their children and make them feel valued. Keywords: Cyber Bullying, University Students, Parents, Social Anxiety X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5089 Views of Parents of University Students on Predicting Social Anxiety Cagla Girgin Buyukbayraktar, Mustafa Baloglu, Sahin Kesici Selcuk University Aladdin Keykubat Kampus Educational Science Department Selcuklu Konya The goal of this study is to determine whether perceived parent behaviour of univer- sity students predict levels of social anxiety in a significant manner and provide suggestions for parents and students on reducing social anxiety of students by determining parent behaviour that predicts social anxiety levels of students. Our study group was comprised of 190 (79.8%) female and 48 (20.2%) male university students for a total of 238. We have used the ""Young Parenthood Scale"" developed by Young (1999) and adopted to Turkish by Soygüt, Çakır and Karaosmanoğlu (2008) and the ""Social Anxiety Scale"" developed by Özbay and Palancı (2001). According to results of this study, condesending/critical behaviour of fathers, normative/pressing behaviour of mothers and exploitative/abusive behaviour of mothers pre- dict social seclusion which is a sub-dimension of social anxiety. For students, normative/pres- sing behaviour of mothers, condesending/critical behaviour of fathers, exploitative/abusive behaviour of mothers, and over protective/apprehensive behaviour of fathers predict anxiety over being criticized which is a sub-dimension of social anxiety. For students, condesending/ critical behaviour of fathers, over permissive/limitless behaviour of mothers and normative/ pressing behaviour of mothers predict feelings of worthlessness which is a sub-dimension of social anxiety. Keywords: Parents,University Students,Social Anxiety X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5090 Investigation of the Private and Public Children's TV Channels in Turkey in Terms of Both Content and Form ABDULLAH MERT PhD Student Selcuk University Institute of Social Sciences / Selcuklu / Konya / TURKEY Mass media have taken their place among the indispensables of our age. The TV, in particular, enjoys a more important position than the other media in terms of both audience and use/availability. Given that almost all homes in the world have a television set, the quality, content and forms of broadcasts gain importance. Thus, positive and negative effects of television on audiences constitute the subject matter of this study. The purpose of the study is an investigation of the private and public children's TV channels in Turkey in terms of both content and form. The number of children's TV channels broadcasting in Turkey have reached almost twenty; however, the leading ones among them in terms of the size of audience and coverage area are TRT Cocuk and Yumurcak TV. 24-hour-broadcasting of these two television channels were recorded on video cassettes within the scope of this study. The data that was obtained was studied under various headings using the content analysis method. Almost all of the programs broadcasted on child television channels that contain violent elements have foreign origin. This situation proves that domestic programs are careful about violent elements. The perceptions of broadcast and broadcast contents of channels do not fully overlap. However, it would not be wrong to suggest that broadcasters are more cautious related to this matter. "This study is a summary of master's thesis which was accepted by Selcuk University Institute of Social Sciences in 2010" Keywords: Child Television, TRT Cocuk, Yumurcak TV X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5091 The analysis of job satisfaction for contract and sub-contract employees in the state company Yavuz Tansoy Yildirim, Cuneyt Akar Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandirma MYO, Paşakonak Mah. Zirai Donatim Sok. No:8 Bandirma/Balikesir Job satisfaction can be considered as one of the most complex concepts of organizational behavior literature because of the multifaceted structure. But it is clear that job satisfaction is an important factor when it leads to effective companies. Although job satisfaction completely doesn’t mean motivation, job satisfaction theories are highly connected with the motivation theories such as Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory, Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory; the Job Characteristics Model; Expectancy theory, Equity theory and the dispositional approach. If the business organizations want to have highly satisfied employees, they should consider the above motivation theories. In the frame of Equity theory, working status of employees can be the significant factor of job satisfaction level. The aim of this study is to compare the job satisfaction levels of employees working as a different status namely –contract and sub-contract- in the same state company. The data gathered from 214 employees through using questionnaire form. We use Minnesota job satisfaction scale to measure the value of job satisfaction level for each employee and analyze the available data by using appropriate statistical tests. According to the results, contract employees are significantly more satisfied than sub-contract employees. The results are consistent with our a priori expectation. The most important inference from these results is that the employees working as sub-contract status have more negative feelings than contract employees because of job security, promotion opportunities and income equality. Keywords: Job satisfaction, Sub- contract employees, Equity Theory X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5092 MUSIC AND NON-MUSIC SKILLS YOU SHOULD HAVE FOR BEING SUCEESSFULL MUSICIAN Sirin AKBULUT DEMIRCI Associate Professor Uludag UniversitesiEgitim Fakultesi Muzik Egitimi Anabilim Dali Gorukle Kampusu 16059 Nilufer/BURSA TURKEY( Turkiye) The aim of the study is to determine music skills and non-music skills which should musician have with their point of view. The study was the preliminary study of the European Project “Preparing Success in Music”. The survey was prepared to obtain the data and 129 musicians answer the survey. According to the results same music skills are “Correct and Regular Practicing”, “Good Instrument Education” and non- music skills are “Life Management”, “Knowing what you want”. Also the participants recommendations was searched. Keywords: Music Skills, Turkey, Successfull Musian X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5093 THE IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT Sevda AKAR Dr. Department of Public Finance, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandirma, Balikesir, Turkey The natural disasters have affected many aspects of human life from the past to present. Therefore natural disasters have been the subject of many studies. These studies usually include effects of natural disaster, coping with the natural disaster and management of the natural disaster. According to The International Disaster Database, natural disaster can be defined as “the situation or event, which overwhelms local capacity, necessitating a request to national or international level for external assistance; an unforeseen and often sudden event that causes great damage, destruction and human suffering. Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins”. Disaster risk management has ensured the development sustainability for countries. So, the public and private sectors have been cooperated in order to reduce macroeconomic and capital costs caused by natural disasters. This partnership has reduced the financial impacts of disasters and thereby it has ensured more resilient communities to the disasters. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of public and private partnership in the management of natural disaster risk. It is also analyzed the role sharing of the public and private sectors for effective natural disaster management. In the study, the new public and private partnership structure is recommended in the natural disaster risk management for Turkey. Keywords: Disaster Management, Public-Private Partnership, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5095 AN EMPIRICAL STUDY THAT AIM TO DETERMINE THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC LITERACY ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION Göksel KARAŞ, İçlem ER Dumlupinar University Departmen of Internaional Trade and Finance, Kutahya, Turkey Today, borders dissappeared as a consequence of globalisation. The dissappearence of borders with globalisation has led to many improvements and competition in almost every area. Given the background of these developments, involving economic interests are seen mostly. Countries and individuals are required to exhibit different behavior than others by following closely all the economic developments in the world to adapt to the current conditions. Therefore, it is needed to have entrepreneurs who can analyze the economy and follow the economic developments in the world. Because entrepreneurs are served as engine among the factors that contribute to the economic development of a country. Considering this thought in the study, a survey will be conducted and the results will be reviewed fort he purpose of examining the relationship between economic literacy with entrepreneurial intention of third and fourth grade students who took entrepreneurship course and study in Dumlupinar University Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences and determiming whether economic literacy has impact entrepreneurial intention. Keywords: Economic Literacy, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Intention X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5096 The Multi Criteria Decision Analyisis on Economics and Public Finance Haluk Tandırcıoğlu, Ahmet Can BAKKALCI Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Maliye Bölümü, Dokuzçeşmeler Kampüsü Buca-İZMİR Economic and/or financial problems have become complex structures and it’s very difficult to find simple solutions for them. Both economics and finance are social sciences; and therefore the problems related to these two fields must be solved in this perspective. Computer-supported economic software and econometric tools have been increasingly used in problem solving and decision making in social sciences. However in economics or finance, decision maker must consider not only mathematical or computer-based solutions but also human choices. (MCDA) process is one of the most appropriate ways to find solutions to social problems. It’s different than other traditional optimization methods. Human decisions and other choices have been integrated into the solutions reached through MCDA. Although the origin of this process goes back to the Classical Economists of the 19th century, the main developments of this area are the products of the last thirty years. Keywords: Multi Criteria Decision Analysis, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Public Finance Policy X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5097 The Effect of Syrian Refugees on Activity of Humanitarian Relief Foundations: Denizli Case Zinnet Karakaş, Hacer Vildan Yavuz Department of Business, University of Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey Turkey is faced with one of the largest migrations in its history as of April 2011. Nowadays, refugees from Syria are dispersed in almost all the provinces in Turkey. One of these provinces is Denizli. The purpose of this study is to examine how the activities of humanitarian relief foundations in Denizli is affected by arrival of the Syrian refugees. Study was carried out in-depth interview which is a qualitative analysis method. In interviews, semi structured interview form that was prepared by researcher according to the purpose of the study was used. During the study, in-depth interview was carried out between 23rd and 25th February 2016 with the managers of 5 humanitarian relief foundations that help Syrian refugees in Denizli. The average interview length was around 50 minutes; the shortest interview was 17 minutes and the longest one was 91 minutes. The findings obtained from the interviews show that the number of Syrian refugees who get support has increased with the increasing amount of donations and aid. Keywords: Humanitarian relief foundation, Syrian refugees, Denizli, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5098 Politics of the Democratic Peace and Conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina Muhidin Mulalic, Mirsad Karic Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka cesta 15, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Twenty years after the Dayton Peace Agreement an exclusive ethnic ideology, international tutelage and dependency characterize Bosnia and Herzegovina. Wrong political approaches by the international and local political actors created in Bosnia and Herzegovina permanent crisis, the status quo and a ‘case’ country. Conflict-based theory, furthermore enriched with exclusive ethno-cultural paradigm and the legacy of bloody crucible of the war, shape today political discourse in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper aims to present and analyze political discourse and political relationships based on the conflict theory. Then, this paper will propose a political formula that can integrate past multicultural experience and present exclusive ethno-cultural paradigm by using the democratic peace theory approach in Bosnia and Herzegovina for politicians, policy-makers and overall the public. This paper will be based on a survey as to test public perceptions about usefulness of democratic peace theory of politics and to what extent present political establishment managed to apply liberal democratic values coupled with open market economy in creating free and pluralist political, economic and socio-cultural environment. Our survey will measure voters and political parties and their preferences in using conflict approach or democratic peace approach. Findings of the paper will demonstrate new approaches of how exclusive political approaches based on rigidity and conditioning, inherited from the war, could be substituted with real politics, politics of peace and cooperation. Keywords: Conflict; Democratic Peace Politics; Political Participation; Political Parties; Bosnia and Herzegovina X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5102 DEATH AND ITS RESULTS IN TURKISH TAX LAW Mehmet TOSUNER, Hakan BAY Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Maliye Bölümü Buca/İzmir Human beings were born, grow and die. Human being that is biological assets, has many rights granted to law in this inevitable process. Law of persons are roughly regulated by the Civil Code in our country. All people are considered a real person in modern legal system. This is generally accepted as the movement, “lawn capacitas” in Article 8 of The Civil Code is regulated that “Every person is entitled to a vested right. Accordingly, all the persons are equal in using rights and fulfilling obligations within the legal limits.” Freedom of the person is guaranteed by Article 35 of the Constitution which is regulated that “Everyone has the right to own and inherit property. These rights may be limited by law only in view of public interest. The exercise of the right to own property may not be in contravention of the public interest.” When examining current regulations, it is emerged the right of inherit as a natural consequence of the right of property. This right has been given to people with certain obligations in various laws. law liability to heirs of bringing tax laws are also included. Heirs must firstly fulfil in obligations of tax laws - in terms of succession by inheritance- If the testator has an economic activity, the heirs have some obligations according to tax laws. In this study, it will be analysed the obligations imposed by the tax laws due to death and its objectives and its results, afterwards it will be offered some solutions for the potential issues. Keywords: Ölüm, Türk Vergi Sistemi, Muris, Miras X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5103 Effect on Development Level of the Public Spending and Socio-Economic Factors on Provinces in Turkey Sibel Selim, Sibel Aybarç Bursalıoğlu, Rıdvan Keskin Department of Econometrics, Celal Bayar University, Turkey Differences in their developments between provinces and regions are one of the most basic issues both for developing and developed countries. In addition to some other factors causing these differences, the resources being used for different activity levels between provinces and regions are thought to be effective and important. Significant development differences between provinces and regions are observed. The reasons causing these difference can be considered as the inadequate infrastructures, insufficient accumulations of capital, the existing organisational structures and socio-cultural affecting negatively development events, spatial issues (spatial econometrics), historical and geographical impacts, and entrepreneurial culture. The data envelopment analysis (VZA) can be often used for analyzing the inter-regional differences in terms of development. The effects of the provinces’ resource usage can be measured and decided which provinces are efficient, and which ones are not efficient economically. At the same time, the potential improvement ratios can be calculated to make the provinces to be efficient. The aim of this study is to measure the efficiency on the existing resources usage amongst these provinces with VZA method, through public expenditures and other socio-economic and physical indicators in the period of 2008-2013. With VZA method, it will be decided whether the provinces are efficient or not. Then, the potential improvement ratios will be calculated to make the efficient provinces to become efficient. As a result, alternative political proposals will be provided for more effective use of their resources. Moreover, the effects of different variables on the efficiency will be identified with the Tobit model. Keywords: Public spending, Socio-economic factors, Development level of provinces, Data envelopment analysis, Tobit model X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5104 Objectives That Have A Role in Acceptance of Adoption Gozde Caglayan Aygun PhD Student Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yunus Emre Kampüsü 26470 Tepebaşı Eskişehir/Türkiye Adoption is a legal relationship which builds an artificial paternity between adopter and adopted. Through the history, there were some reasons and purposes to introduce adoption. However these reasons or purposes also might prevent adoption from organizing. Besides adoption is not arranged in some countries legal systems. In point of making an adoption, the first purpose that we faced with is maintaining family’s religious id est religious intents. Especially at the first era of Roman Law, this purpose is prioritized. Being over of supersititious beliefs, evolving and changing in some social structures and political, social, emotional and economic aims begin to create new intents of adoption. Building an adoption with Political intent shows itself with some ethnicities’ naturalization. Changing statues of people who belong to some groups via adoption may be also accepted as an implementation that aimed to political intent. After Disappearing of religious purposes, the most desirable motive becomes emotional purposes. These purposes are on to social purposes. On the other hand social purposes are the purposes which are mostly taken as basis by modern societies. These purposes include three subheading. The first of these shows up as providing orphans parental love. The second is about providing to people who do not have children the feel of being parent and keeping their family name alive. The last purpose is providing the children’s benefit. This is also secure its position as the main purpose in codes. Economic purposes have also a role in building adoption. They are mostly shows itself in heirdom. In modern society, making an adoption with such a motivation is not going to be possible from the point of adoption stipulations. In this study, we are going to discourse the purposes which underlie acceptance of making adoption and try to conclude via commenting its place in legal systems. Keywords: Adoption, family law, comparative law, The Turkish Civil Code X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5105 Is Authenticity as the Efficient way of Coping Maladaptive Self-protection Strategies for Senior Counselling Student in Supervision Process? Mehmet SARICALI, Ayse Sibel Turkum Depertment of Educational Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey This study examines self-handicapping perceptions of senior psychological counseling students in terms of level of authenticity, experiencing counselling process as a client, commitment about working as a counselor, and supervision they received. In this regard, it is examined whether self-handicapping perceptions of psychological counselor candidates differentiate or not according to their gender, decisiveness about working in field, history of receiving psychological help or not, the type, style and quality of supervision they received. The sample of this research consists of 298 senior class psychological counseling candidates from middle and big size universities in different regions of Turkey. The measurement tools used to obtain research data are “Self-Handicapping Scale”, “Authenticity Scale” and “Personal Information form”. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, one-way and two-way analysis of variance. The findings showed that while self-handicapping perceptions of psychological counselor candidates differentiate according to their level of authenticity, it doesn’t differentiate at a significant level in terms of their experience of receiving psychological help or not, decisiveness about working in field and the type and style of supervision they received. The issue of how the counselor candidates may enhance efficient copping strategies in order to tolerate their weaknesses during their supervision process, will be discussed. Note. This presentation was produced by unpublished master thesis of Mehmet Saricali under the supervision of Professor A. Sibel Turkum Keywords: Self-handicapping, authenticity, senior counselling student, supervision X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5108 Using Modern Costing Methods in Exporting Manufacturing Companies: Case of Kutahya Metin Yılmaz, Cevat Söylemez, Şenay Yılmaz International Trade and Finance, University of Dumlupınar, Kutahya, Turkey Traditional costing methods are used in firms that have standard processes and limited product and customer variety. But there is a need for new costing methods as a result of some factors such as; greater customer variety due to globalization, changes in products, services and production processes, greater need for accurate, trustable and quick information and globalized competition. Therefore there are important topics that firms need to deal with. Some of these are to focus on specific activities to increase profitability, to decrease the cost of activities, to determine the activities that do not have high added value and their costs, to determine the break-even point, to conduct profitability analyses like customer profitability and whether every customer is profitable. In order to keep record of these accounts, modern costing calculation methods like Activity Based Costing and Time Driven Activity Based Costing are used. In this context, on the topic of “Using Modern Costing Methods in Accounting Records of Exporting Manufacturing Companies”, with the support of Dumlupınar University Scientific Research Projects Units, this research is conducted on exporting manufacturing companies in Kutahya. After the talks with Kutahya Chamber of Commerce and Organized Industrial Zone, it is not been found any information in their publications / accounts about costing methods. Therefore, this research identifies the usage of modern costing methods. The findings obtained in this research are statistically analyzed and the underlying reasons of the preferences of the companies to whether or not use the modern costing methods are discussed. Keywords: Modern Costing Methods, Export, Manufacturing Firm X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5109 The Effect of Group Counselling on Enhancing Psychological Well-Being and Decreasing Loneliness Levels of Freshman University Students Enes Rahat, Ayşe Sibel Türküm Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of group counseling for enhancing psychological well-being and decreasing loneliness levels of freshman university students. Eighteen students volunteered to participate in the study. Nine participants (5 females, 4 males) were in experiment group and 9 participants (5 females, 4 males) were in control group. Psychological Well-Being Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale were used as data collection tools. The research is a 2X2 experimental design that examines two groups (experiment and waiting list control group) via pre-test and post-test. Group counseling program, was developed by researchers, applied to the experimental group consists of eight sessions and each session lasted approximately 90 minutes. Data analyzed by Mann– Whitney U and Wilcoxon test. According to the results, when post-test scores of experiment and control group were compared, significant differences were not determined on experiment group on the scores of Psychological Well-Being scale and Loneliness Scale. When the pre-test and post-test scores of experiment group was compared, it was found that there were significant differences on the scores of Loneliness Scale and Psychological WellBeing scale. When pre-test and post-test results of control group were compared, neither in the measure of loneliness nor in the psychological well-being levels that any significant differences were determined. In conclusion, the group counseling program developed to enhance psychological well-being and decrease loneliness levels of freshman university students was found to be effective, however, it was not found contributing to the significant differences between groups. Keywords: Psychological well-being, freshman university student, group counseling, loneliness X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5110 Do Attitudes of Managers toward Dimension Corporate Governance Practices Differ in Terms of Characteristics of Demographic Data and Company? Fikret SOZBILIR, Salih Yesil, Mustafa Sarıcicek Department of Business Administration, Hopa Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey Corporate governance defines the relationship between the company and its stakeholders, shareholders and board of directors in the context of transparency, accountability, responsibility and equality. This study aims to determine the relationship between the attitude of the managers toward corporate governance practices with regard to their demographic characteristics and the company features. In addition, it is aimed to provide recommendations based on results regarding effectiveness of corporate governance. In this empirical study, the data on perceptions concerning demographic characteristic of managers, the characteristic of the companies and corporate governance dimensions (stakeholders, transparency, shareholders and board of directors) was gathered by means of a questionnaire from managers of 91 companies which are listed in top 500 companies in Turkey. Data were subjected to analysis with SPSS 16.0 software and presented in tables. The findings revealed that managers’ attitudes towards stakeholder practices, as one of the dimension of corporate governance differed in terms of their age and duration at workplace. Moreover, the managers’ attitudes toward the dimension of shareholders and transparency practices differed in term of their duration at workplace and also attitudes of managers toward the dimension of transparency differed with regard to having a shareholder relation office or not. Attitudes of managers toward the other dimensions of corporate governance practices did not differ in terms of demographic variables and company features. Keywords: Shareholders, Stakeholders, Transparency, Board of Directors. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5111 THE VIEWS OF MEMBERS OF PROFESSION ABOUT E-UNITY SYSTEM SOFTWARE TO TURMOB ON PREVENTING UNFAIR COMPETITION, AND AN EVALUATION ON “AKHISM-ORDER” IŞIK ALTUNAL, NİYAZİ KURNAZ, ALİ ÖZBEK Department of Business Administration, University of Dumlupınar, Kutahya, Turkey Lots of researches have been done to prevent members of this profession’ (Public Accountant, Independent Accountant and Financial Advisor, Certified Public Accountant) unfair competition and struggling against unfair competition from past to present. One of the most important studies in this field is the Software of Struggle against Unfair Competition published in the Official Gazette with number 28850 in 13 December 2013 and came into force in 01.01.2015. Usage of the software by members of the profession provided by TÜRMOB, is removed from being optional usage and provided to be compulsory profession decision. This study is done to evaluate the unfair competition perception of the members of profession in Kütahya, and their criticisms, expectations and attitudes about the software, also evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of the E-Unity system to prevent unfair competition. In the end of the study, unfair competition is handled as part of akhismorder and some suggestions are developed related to the understanding of Akhism-order. Keywords: Unfair Competition, E-Unity System, Akhism Constitution X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5112 THE EVALUATION OF THE RESİLİENCE BEHAVİORS OF THE ADOLESCENTS IN THE ORPHANAGES Pinar CİCEKOGLU, Gul Unsal, Semra Karaca School of Health, Cankiri Karatekin Üniversity, Cankiri, Turkey WHO defines adolescents as individuals who are going through a very special phase in their lives. No longer children, not yet adults ! Not a disease or disorder!!! Time period – roughly the second decade of life, It is a biological and cultural phenomenon experienced differently across time and culture. Adolescence ≠ Puberty Objective: The purpose of our research is to evaluate the impact of conflict management training delivered to the adolescents in the orphanages on the resilience behaviors of the adolescents. Material and Method: Our study was realized with 80 adolescents (40 experimental, 40 control groups) who are living in the orphanages in Ankara which are affiliated to the Ministry of Family and Social Policies. In the research, measured experimental methods such as pre-test, post-test and monitoring test were used in order to test the effectiveness of the conflict management training program on the adolescents in both experimental and control groups. In order to obtain data related to the experimental and control groups of the research, Resilience and Youth Development Module were used. SPSS-15 package program and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for the evaluation of the data. Findings: Following the implemented training program, the received conflict resolution training lowered the aggression scores of the adolescents in the experimental group significantly, and raised the problem solving skills significantly. Moreover, without exception between the pre-test, post-test and monitoring test assessments of the experimental and control groups, there is a significant difference between the averages of resilience (p˂0. 05). The resilience of the adolescents in control group indicated a steady decline trend. As a result, it is put forth that the conflict management training delivered to the adolescents in the orphanages brought positive conflict resolution strategies to the adolescents and thus strengthened their resilience. Keywords: Resilience, the adolescent in the orphanage X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5113 THE EFFECT OF PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF CONSUMERS ON HEDONIC CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR Şenay YILMAZ, Ercan Taşkın Dumlupınar University, Kutahya Voc.School of Social Sci. Kütahya, TURKEY This study was conducted in order to examine the relationship between personality characteristics of consumers and hedonic consumption behavior. Dumlupınar University, located in Kütahya province, was selected as modal, thus the relationship between personality traits of university staff and hedonic consumption behavior have been tried to determine. In today's fierce competition it has become very difficult for the companies to maintain its market share and profitability by gaining the competitive advantage. This case has forced the companies to investigate the reasons influencing consumer choice. In today's world the emotional dimension of the consumption is considered important as the functional size of it. Hedonic consumption is a consumption form in which shopping and consumption are considered to be a sensuous action. This study was conducted to measure the effect of personality characteristics of university employees, both academic and administrative, on hedonic consumption preferences. By taking Dumlupınar University located in Kütahya province as a sample, our goal is to help companies in choosing the more accurate marketing mix and help them gain a competitive advantage in business by means of identifying all administrative and academic university employees’ hedonic consumption to what extent they are influenced by their personality characteristics. Our study has been an original work because university staffs are individuals who have a higher level of general education than other consumer groups. Keywords: Hedonism, Hedonic consumption, Big five personality traits X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5114 STUDY OF VALIDITY, RELIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH TURKEY CONDITIONS IN EGO FUNCTIONS ASSESSMENT SCALE Yadigar CEVİK, Gul UNSAL School of Health, Tunceli Üniversty, Tunceli, Turkey Mental disorders and particularly in schizophrenia, evaluating ego functions such as disintegration of thought processes, sexual or aggressive behavior, insufficient justification and reality testing disturbances helps to identify the clinical symptoms that occur in various settings. The Ego Function Assessment (EFA) Scale developed by Bellak (1973) allows identifying which ego function is associated with the problematic behavior and determining the level of function disturbance in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of the present study is to conduct the validation, reliability study for Ego Function Assessment Scale in Turkish setting. The study has been conducted with a total of 426 participants including 213 patients with schizophrenia and 213 healthy subjects using the individual interview method from January 1st 2013 to May 30th 2103. The Individual Information Form, Ego Function Assessment Scale, Wonderlic Personnel Test, Adjective Checklist and Symptom Checklist have been used in the present study. EFA sub-dimensions of the scale total score of 12 is not available. So for all groups are discussed separately for each sub-dimension. Firstly, the linguistic equivalence was evaluated, and once linguistic equivalence was determined, validation and reliability analyses were conducted. The group without any psychiatric diagnosis and the group diagnosed with schizophrenia were assessed separately in the present The study. explatory factor analysis revealed that the scale was consistent with the original form. The internal consistency of the scale ranged Cronbach alpha .919 to .743 in the schizophrenia group while it ranged from .820 to .641 in the normal group. Test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from .815 to .503 in the schizophrenia group while they ranged from .768 to .510 in the normal group. These results show that the scale is a valid and reliable assessment tool. Keywords: Ego, Ego Functions, Schizophrenia, Validation, Reliability X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5115 Effect of the Reading Interests and Habits of Candidate Turkish Teachers on Their Critical Thinking Tendencies Muharrem Kursad YANGIL Dr. Altintas MYO Dumlupinar Universitesi, Kutahya, Turkiye The century we are in is in constant development and change. These changes that occur create certain differences in human nature. A modern human is now characterized as a being with a wide perspective who investigates, questions, can think critically and solve problems, has a wide point-of-view and tries to understand different thoughts by showing empathy. Cüceloğlu (1993) defines critical thinking as “an active and organized cognitive process that aims to understand ourselves and events that occur around us by being aware of our own thinking processes, considering the thinking processes of others and implementing what we have learned”. This research is based on the presumption that there is a relationship between the reading interests and habits of students and their critical thinking tendencies in today’s education world. With this study, it is aimed to determine whether the critical thinking tendencies of Candidate Turkish Teachers vary by their reading habits and reading interests, and show the relation between them. In line with the purpose, the students studying at the Department of Turkish Teaching of the Education Faculty of Dumlupınar University during the Spring Term of 2015-2016 Academic Year were included in the scope of the study. A survey study was conducted on the sample determined. Reliability analysis, frequency analysis, t-test, variance analysis, factor analysis and correlation analysis will be carried out using SPSS 17.0 statistics program in the data analysis. Keywords: Critical Thinging, Education, Reading Interests, Reading Habits X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5116 INVESTIGATION OF DIFFERENT WATER CORRIDOR BE THERAPEUTICALLY Elif Ayan, Çiğdem SAKICI, Banu BEKCİ landscape architecture, Kastamonu Universityty Water is an essential element for living. water struggle of the today’s people who long for nature is getting harder. In dense urbanization people move away from nature increasingly in recent urban and the longing for nature is increasing. Water, a piece of nature, has an increasing escalation. However, corridors like streams and rivers are ignored in many ways in our cities. Whereas, this water corridors are contributing positively to people in functional, aesthetic, economic, recreational and therapeutic ways. Water has a significant role for getting better of mental health. The image, use and sound of water is very important in the urban environment. This study reveals the contribution of water corridors that is extremely important in our cities to the mental health of the people. Three different cities that have water corridors in their centers were chosen as a study area. The visuals of this water were used for determination of impacts of existing water corridors therapeutical aspect on people. It builds on the positive contribution that people of different water features demonstrated through this study. As a result of the study, taking into account the benefits of water in the city and the city people need is proved while making environmental arrangements. Thus, a more livable city area for a city and citizens emerges. Keywords: Water corridors, Urban Environment, Therapeutic Value X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5117 Effect of Intercity Transportation Companies’ Perceived Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction: A Study on College Students Cevat Soylemez, Ercan Taşkın, İçlem Er International Trade and Finance, Dumlupınar University, Turkey The service sector has an important role in the marketing of products. With the increase in the competition nowadays in this sector, in order to be different in businesses operating and to forge ahead it is necessity to improve the quality of the services they offering. Since, the quality of the services is that offered by a business or organization is closely associated with meeting the needs of its customers. Tourism travel businesses have an active role in the service sector. These businesses have to satisfy the customers’ expectations with quality service and to keep a high level of their satisfaction. Having intangible and inseparable feature of services reduce the possibility to meet customer expectations. Intercity passenger transport in tourism travel businesses is one of the important industries in the service sector. We tried to reveal to impact of intercity passenger businesses with the quality of service on creating customer satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of the study is that is to examine the relationship between service quality perceptions of college students who choose their intercity transportation company and customer satisfaction toward these companies. Bu çalışma Dumlupınar Üniversitesi 2015-64 nolu Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi kapsamında desteklenmektedir. (This study is supported by the Dumlupınar University Scientific Research Project which no is 2015-64.) Keywords: Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Intercity Passenger Transport X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5118 An Evaluation on New and Changing Responsibilities of Strategic Public Relations in the Context of Organisational Strategy Levels Çİğdem Karakaya Assistant Professor Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dumlupınar Bulvarı Kampüs Antalya Türkiye Changing business paradigms have led to the focus of public relations from communication applications to relationship management. This shift can be closely related with organisational strategy levels. While there are five organisational strategy levels (enterprise, corporate, business, functional, operational) in organisational management literature, public relations contributes to enterprise, functional and operational strategy levels. The main reason why public relations provide insights for enterprise strategy level is that this strategy mainly focuses on the relationships between corporate and society, which is the basic responsibility of the domain of public relations. In this strategy level public relations scans the macro environment, segments the organisational stakeholders and publics, determines the strategic issues and builds the potential scenarios to management as an input for strategic decisions. These inputs can be used not only for strategic decisions in the enterprise strategy level, but also they guide to the public relations department’s strategy in the functional level. In parallel with the inputs from enterprise strategy level, in the functional level public relations strategy is developed either planed or deliberate, then strategic communication plan is set off. According to the strategic communication plan, public relations programs and especially campaigns are designed in the operational strategy level, which makes communication applications strategic. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to evaluate new and changing responsibilities of public relations in enterprise, functional, and operational strategy levels in detail. The paper aims to analyse strategic public relations within the organisational strategy levels, trying to show the background of this new and changing responsibilities. Keywords: strategic public relations, public relations X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5120 An Examination of Güngör Dilmen's Drama Named "Canlı Maymun Lokantası" in the Context of Expressionism Habibe Yastıkcı Demir PhD Student Kırklareli University, Kayalı Campus, Science and Literature Faculty, Department of Turkish Language and Literature, Office 210, Kırklareli, Turkey The representatives of expressionism developing at German in the 20th century were in favor of uprising against the lifestyle that was brought about by industrialization and defying all the impositions of society. They refused to support any kind of authority which edit and create the system concept that led to the crisis they were in. Expressionists try to be the spokesman of “new man” arising from the chaos caused by war and sharp social contradiction. Radical revolt, tragic situation, underlining the paradox, fantastic narrative, dream world try to subrogate the unconscious and mental reality on the place of action by an exaggerated and grotesque expression. In “Canlı Maymunlar Lokantası” which was penned by Gungor Dilmen in 1963, a restaurant that serves alive monkey brains for their private customers in Hong Kong is selected as a place. The reason behind the unusual place and fiction in the drama is for making stunnig the criticism of colonialism activities that was accelerated by Industrial Revolution strengthened the sovereignty of the West on the East and caused the Eastern countries becoming dependent on Europe in terms of economy. In the drama, a contumacy and reaction against the world order are concerned as the expressionist theater. As much as the criticism of West, East’s unresponsiveness against the West and the acceptance of injustice are given through by the waiter who is apathy while Mr. Wong is being eaten alive and Çoo. Thus in the drama, on both sides are criticized by a sarcastic manner and the extraordinary characters that are chosen by a deliberate decision. Keywords: expressionism, drama, theatre, Gungor Dilmen X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5121 PUBLIC EXPENDITURE POLICY AND THE FINANCIAL CRISIS IN EUROPEAN UNION Simla Guzel, Isin Cetin Public Finance, Uludag University, Bursa,Turkey In 2008 there was a global economic crises that led to largest drop in global economic activities. The global financial crisis is widely regarded as the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Eight years after the eruption of the global crisis, advanced countries, and especially the European Union (EU), are still in a profound state of macroeconomic and financial fragility. Dramatically affected by the global financial and economic crisis, Europe resorted to a substantial amount of macroeconomic stimulus to support its recovery. Countries challenged to sustain spending that promotes future economic growth and powerty reduction. But most of the countries challenged with slower economic growth, high unemployement and public debt rate after the financial crisis. And the political debate has arised that fiscal deficits have grown substantially and need to be reduced . This study discusses the public expenditure efficiency in the wake of global financial crisis. And we used database including the indicators of; Public Expenditures (as a dependent variable), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate, Unemployement Rate, Public Debt, Fiscal Deficit, Human Development Index (HDI). We used panel regression analysis for 28 EU countries, and time series analysis for the the top 10 countries in terms of per capita income for the periods of 2000-2015. The obtained results are: The high public spending doesn’t affect the indicators used in this study in a positive way. In addition to this, Norway and Austria showed best performance in the post-crisis period. Keywords: Public Expenditures, Financial Crisis, Panel Estimation Methods, Time Series Analysis X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5122 The Impact of Great Britain’s Migration Policy on Its Relationship with the European Union Gulzar Ismayil Assistant Professor Department of International Relations, Faculty of Department of International relations, Economics and Administrative Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Great Britain becomes a member of European Union after a controversial and long process in 1973, during the first enlargement wave of EU. Great Britain, one of powerful countries of the world, although initially was quite reluctant to join the union, later accepted membership, but has maintained its independence on some of the key issues. During the period over the last forty years, the relations between the Union and Great Britain have not reached the expected level. Today, a contradictory and controversial process has been going on. One of the main problems between the Union and country is the migration problem. Great Britain's immigration policy disagree with the EU, and the relations strained more with economic crisis and the issue of GB’s membership to the Union put on the agenda. Great Britain's Prime Minister David Cameron announced in his speech in 2013 that if the Conservative Party wins the 2015 general elections, he would hold a referendum on GB membership to the Union. And as Conservative Party won the election and come to the power alone, holding a referendum became an obligation. Although initially it was planned to be held in 2017, now it is scheduled to be held on the 23th June 2016, earlier date than expected. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Great Britain's immigration policy on its relation with the EU. Also, GB population, labor market, migration flows to the country over the last ten years will be discussed and the reasons will be studied. At the same time, the reasons of the opinion differences on immigration between Great Britain and EU will be identified and views on the future development of the issue will be put forward. Keywords: Great Britain, EU, Great Britain's immigration policy, referendum on EU membership X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5123 2014 Scottish Independence Referendum in Terms of its Reasons and Results Ibrahim Cagrı ERKUL Instructor Uludag Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Gorukle Kampusu 16059 Nilufer Bursa / Turkiye As known on 18 September 2014 Scottish Independence Referendum, people in the Scotland had two options; first remaining in the United Kingdom and second becoming an independent country. 55 percent of the people voted no to independence, and first option prevailed. Based on this result, can we say desire of people in the Scotland for independence is over? To answer this question Scottish history should be considered as a whole. Especially, Hadrian's and Antonine Walls, William Wallace, Robert Bruce, 1603 Union of the Crowns, 1707 Act of Union and The Scotland Act 1998 are supposed to be taken into account with a historical perspective. Therefore, this study does not examine only The Scottish Independence Referendum Act, or reasons and results of the Scottish Independence Referendum. Also, the possibility of a second Scottish independence referendum will be analysed based on Brexit discussion. Keywords: Scottish Independence Referendum, United Kingdom, Scotland, 1707 Act of Union, Brexit. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5124 The Relationship between the Components of Psychological Capital and Job Satisfaction in Public Organizations: The Case of Karapınar Public Hospital Yasin TAŞPINAR, İbrahim Uğur ERKIŞ, Ali ŞAHİN Selcuk University Faculty of Economics and Administratice Sciences Many concepts of organizational psychology can be applied to public organizations. Psychological capital and job satisfaction are the ones among those organizational psychology concepts, which are applied to public administration, as well. The subject of this study is the impact psychological capital on job satisfaction, in public institutions. The data from the hospitals, which are quite difficult environments for the psychology of the employees, is expected to provide interesting findings in this direction. Sample of the study consists of the employees working at Karaman Public Hospital. The data to be obtained from the field study will be used for trying to determine the impact of optimism, resilience, hope, and self-efficacy, which are the sub-dimensions of psychological capital, on job satisfaction of the public employees. The data to be analysed in the study will be obtained using a questionnaire composed of some statements regarding the demographics and closed-ended questions prepared according to 5 point Likert scale. SPSS 16.0 software will be used for analysing the data and statistical methods such as descriptive statistical analysis, t test, ANOVA and Pierson Correlation will be applied. Keywords: Psychological Capital, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Psychology, Public Organizations X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5125 Citizens’ Perception of Local Government and Their Level of Satisfaction with Local Services in the Context of Political Preferences: The Case of Konya Ali ŞAHİN, Yasin TAŞPINAR Selcuk University Faculty of Economics and Administratice Sciences Generally, in the studies related with the citizen satisfaction about the services; the levels of satisfaction with various services and preferences or expectations regarding service types or areas are dealt and some suggestions about the actions to be taken are made in that context. However in this research, we will discuss whether the citizens’ perceptions of the services provided to them are affected by their political choices. There is a reality relating to the services offered to citizens, and that reality is constant and concrete, when viewed objectively. On the other hand, the fact about whether the perception of that reality is affected by the degree of similarity of one’s political preferences to that of the local authority, administrator and some decision-making bodies of which are determined through a political election process, is at least as important as the reality itself. Local governments, which are the closest service units to citizens, are organisations dealing with citizen satisfaction, due to their authorities being elected and their being face to face with the citizens. There are many factors that affect the citizens' perception of satisfaction with local services. Some of those are the factors such as; the attitudes of the staff, the speed and efficiency of services, and the adequateness of the price. On the other hand, some personal characteristics of citizens may also have an impact on the level of their satisfaction. The subject of our research is the relationship between the political preferences and the perception of and also the satisfaction with the local government. The findings obtained through the field study will be analysed in this regard and it will be tried to determine the strength and direction of the supposed relationship. In the application part of the study, field study method, which takes the data obtained through questionnaires as the base, will be used. The distributed and returned questionnaires of the field research will be controlled in terms of consistency and reliability. The data on the questionnaire forms will be the encoded and uploaded to the statistical analysis program. The questionnaire data collected during the field study will be analyzed using the SPSS 16.0 software package. Keywords: Political Preferences, Satisfaction with Local Services, Perception of Local Government X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5127 YOUNG STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION LEVELS REGARDING TECHNOLOGIES SERVICES OFFERED BY A UNIVERSITY Hasan YOLCU, Turgay HAN Kafkas Universitesi Several universities provide many technologies for effective, easy going and collaborative education for their students, therefore using technology has become very spread in daily life. The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent undergraduate level students currently use technologies for work-social and study purpose and students satisfaction of University technologies services. The quantitative data will be collected using the Technology instruments by Gasper et all (2009) that will be adapted to the Turkish language by the researchers of this study. As a part of the instrument that includes ten subcategories (e.g. access to computing equipment, use of technologies in everyday life, current use and future expectations of technologies for learning, etc.), students’ satisfaction with services and support for learning and use of technologies for administrative purposes will be used to collect the data. This is an ongoing study. Keywords: Young students, LMS (learining management system) X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5128 METAPHORS ABOUT ACADEMIC STAFF Ali KORKUT, İsmail KESKİN School of Foreign Languages, Dicle University Although it is generally regarded as ‘simile’, metaphor can be considered an analogy which provides relational information about something. Metaphors are very widely used and pervasive in almost any discipline, in sociology, language and literature, education, psychology and religion. Metaphors can indicate clues regarding subtle perceptions in mind. They reflect what people have in their subconscious, and provide opportunity for us to infer about things and phenomena in general. When considered within the educational sciences, they may be worth using in order to develop schools, educate the faculty better or strengthen the quality of education services the stakeholders demand. This study aims to reveal what/which metaphors the prospective teachers have in their mind about the academicians teach their class. The working group is comprised of prospective teachers studying in different departments in Ziya Gökalp Faculty of Education, Dicle University. Data regarding participants' perception of the academicians were collected using a sentence: "Academician is like ........... , because .......". The expression ‘like’ indicates the relationship between the subject and the source and the background of the metaphorical imagination is concretized by the word ‘because’. In this research was used phenomenological design, along with a qualitative research method. The analysis and interpretation process of the metaphors will follow a four-step procedure, namely (1) metaphor identification, (2) the classification of the metaphors, (3) the category development, (4) the validity and reliability. The data collection process is continued at present, and the findings and discussion will be shared at plenary session at the conference. Keywords: Metaphors, Academician, metaphor analysis, University, prospective teachers X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5129 The First Turkish Press in Bosnia/ Bosna Hersek'te İlk Turkce Basin Nurettin Guz, Aida USLU İletisim Fakultesi, Gazetecilik Anabilim Dali, Gazi Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey Bosnia remained a state of Ottoman Empire from 1463 to 1878. This region, also known as ‘Evlad-ı Fatihan’, have been an important location through history. There has always been cultural interaction and strong relationships between Bosnia and Turkey. This interaction and friendly relations continues even today. For the Ottoman Empire, the 19th century was a period of innovation in almost all areas. The first printing press in Turkish language and other languages, particularly in İstanbul and other centers of the Empire, emerged and developed in this century. Bosnia is one of the countries, outside of today’s Turkey, where Turkish press emerged and maintained its existence for long years. In the 19th century when Ottomans published the first Turkish newspapers, 6 newspapers were published in Bosnia. These newspapers were: Bosanski Vijestnik, Bosnia, Bosanski Cvijetnik(Gülsen-i Saray), Neretva, Vatan, Rehber. In this study, among these six newspapers, we selected three of them: Bosnia, Bosanski Cvijetnik (Gülsen-i Saray) and Vatan newspapers. The subjekt of this study is how those three newspapers gave the coverage on publishing policies, present situation those days and publishing contents. This study will not only present early periods of printed press in Bosnia, but will also give the information on Ottoman press outside of Istanbul, particulary in the Balkans. Keywords: Press, Printed press in Bosnia, Bosnia newspaper, Bosanski Cvijetnik (Gül-sen-i Saray), Vatan newspaper. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5130 Presentation of Sponsorship Activities on the Websites of Airline Companies: Turkish Airlines Case Omer Bakan, Nilüfer Canoz Faculty of Communication, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey Sponsorship is an important communication tool for corporations. A lot of companies conduct sponsorship activities and introduce them by using several ways. To give information about their sponsorship activities on their web pages can provide a positive image for corporations.Turkish Airlines is a remarkable company with its sponsorship activities. In this study presentation of sponsorship activities on the website of Turkish Airlines was determined. Content analysis method was used in the study. In this context, the information about sponsorship activities of the company on its website were examined. Keywords: Sponsorship, websites, Turkish Airlines X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5131 ETHICS IN HEALTH NEWS IN THE SCOPE OF INTERNET JOURNALISM Goksel Basmaci Instructor Turkoba Neighborhood, Erguvan Street Number: 26, Buyukcekmece/Tepekent/Istanbul Health is one of the most important rights of individuals. Because of this, individuals frequently benefit from the mass media as well as health institutions. However, commercial broadcasting and publishing of monopolized media make individuals misinformed; impose upon them and reinforce consumption. In recent years, this kind of unethical journalism approach reflects on not only traditional press, but also the Internet journalism. This problem has become visible in these channels. From this point of view, the main assumption of this study is “the Internet newspapers as a type of monopolized media pursue a commercial, manipulative, tantalised, alarmist, and consumption-oriented publishing policy in health issues”. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to reveal and interpret unethical components in health news. Keywords: The Internet journalism, health news, ethics, manipulation, advertising. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5132 FORMAL ANALYSIS OF FESTEN AND IDIOTERNE FILMS IN TERMS OF DOGMA 95 FILM MOVEMENT AND REPRESENTATION PİNAR KOVACİ, VEYSEL AKSAHİN Selcuk University, Faculty of Communication, Room Number:421, Selcuklu, Konya. Big companies started to hold the cinema market after the First World War. This changed the course of the history of world cinema and the cinema of small countries fell into crisis period. These countries developed new cinema movements as a way to overcome the crisis. One of these movements is Dogma 95. This movement aims to produce films in a unique form against hegemonic production form. This film movement which is led by Lars von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg brings a new perspective to the world cinema. The aim of this study is not only to analyse Festen and Idioterne film, which was shot by these two directors in accordance with the rules of the Dogma 95 movement, but also to reveal representations within films. Keywords: Cinema, cinema movements, Dogma 95, form, representation X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5134 THE MODERATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS ON THE INFLUENCE OF UNIVERSITY STAFF’S PERCEPTIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL INERTIA UPON THE JOB BURNOUT LEVEL Esengul IPLIK Assistant Professor Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Department of Management Information Systems 80000, Osmaniye/Turkey Rapid changes that constantly occur in the technology of work and methods of doing a business create a pressure on organizations with regards to adapting to their environment, and thus, organizations are forced to change. The organizations lagging behind the changes in their environment fail to reach their aims and targets in time, and accordingly risk their existence. There are many factors that hinder the organizations from keeping pace with changes that are regarded challenging because the organizations try to change deeplyrooted individual and organizational habits within the organizations. One of the most significant impediments against organizational change and development is the concept of organizational inertia that is associated with stagnation, inactivity, quiescence, idleness, dilatoriness, and inability to take action, impeding the efficiency of an organization. This study aims to identify the effect of organizational inertia, which creates significant results on organizational efficiency, on the stress and job burnout levels of the staff that significantly influence the job performance at the workplace, and to determine the intermediary effect of stress on variables, as well as stress concepts. It was applied the scales related to the organizational inertia, stress, and burnout for the academic and administrative staff of a public university. After the field study via e-mail, it it is concluded that there is a positive relationship between organizational inertia perceptions and and both dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) of university staff and in this relation; organizational stress has a mediator role. In this context, the more employees perceive organizational inertia, the more they experience burnout. Keywords: Organizational Inertia, Organizational Stress, Job Burnout X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5137 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHT AND ITS REFLECTION ON TURKEY’S LEGISLATION Sanem Berkün Assistant Professor Bülent Ecevit University / Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences/ Public Administration and Political Sciences Department 67100 Zonguldak Turkey Environment, which can make a direct or an indirect impact on living creatures, has been able to draw attention on the problems arising from unconscious utilization of humans since the 20th century. The growth and variation of the environmental issues necessitated the legislation of environment as a right. With its both singular and collective qualities, the environmental right which is included within the third generation fundamental rights and liberties and which has a recent history, underlines sharing the responsibility of environmental protection. Mechanisms of enforcement and responsibility have been improved by the environmental law, and the environmental right has been guaranteed by the legal assurance and thus fulfilling the objective of legating a livable environment to the next generations is intended. Since the protection of the environmental right requires cooperation, the issue has gained importance in law and 1970s became the years that the environmental right was constitutionalized. After the 1980s, like many other developing countries, legislative arrangements diversified both quantitatively and qualitatively in order to reduce and control the environmental problems in Turkey too. In this study, which is indited in order to draw attention to the importance of environmental right that is anchored in the right to live, the reasons underlying the awareness towards the environment are addressed and the development of the environmental right is examined closer with the help of legislations. In this context, firstly, a background that we can evaluate the development of the environmental right by referring to the change within the views over the environment is formed. The definition, importance, constituents and the development of the notion of environmental right within the international platform take part in the second part. A panoramic analysis of how environmental right reflects on Turkish legislation takes part in the third and the last part of the study. Keywords: Environment, Environmental Right, Environmental law, Environmental issues, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5140 A Political Party “of Turkey” Sacrificed for the Sake of Conjuncture: Peoples’ Democracy Party (HDP) Atil Cem CICEK, Selcuk Aydin, Huseyin Baran Political Science and Public Administration, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey Many political parties have been founded that represent or claim to represent Kurdish politics. All but Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) and Peoples’ Democracy Party (HDP) were closed down by the Constitutional Court on the grounds of having organic ties with terror. HDP, despite being referred to solely as a regional party and having difficulties due to their organic ties with PKK, has taken major steps towards becoming a party “of Turkey” with a different rhetoric, thus being different from its predecessors. HDP’s being “a political party of Turkey” was not only going to represent the Kurds but also those who were feeling alienated. This rhetoric was welcomed as a glimmer of hope by the segments who felt excluded. In addition to that, positive messages were given to the public about the resolution of the State-PKK conflict by finding political solutions. The disarmament and politicization of PKK were almost completely attributed to HDP’s success. The elections of June 7, 2015 created the opportunity that HDP (and many other segments) were hoping for. HDP gained access to the Parliament with 80 representatives and 13.1 percent vote ratio. Despite this, it took a passive stance about disarming PKK and implied with its discourse and actions that the politics did not mean much to PKK. The Peace Process, which had been carried out for years with the state, was seriously damaged after the June 7, 2015 elections with PKK taking up arms yet again with all its power. However, a significant political representation to take the Kurdish question to the Parliament had been formed. In the light of these, what were the developments that put the Peace Process in disarray and what were the facts that caused PKK to take up arms again? This study will try to answer these questions in the light of the recent developments in Syria that are assumed to be in favor of the Kurds. Keywords: Political party, Turkey's political life, Peoples' Democracy Party X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5141 The Relationship Between Anxiety as Indicator of Psychological Well Being And Internet Usage: A Survey Among Turkish University Students Birol GULNAR, Mete KAZAZ Selcuk University Communication Faculty Alaeddin Keykubad Campus, Selcuklu/Konya Internet usage that shows huge increase in recent years in Turkey and all worlds at all dimensions of daily life. Recently, as it claims that the protagonist of the impact on young people’s psychologies and social relations is shown up as Internet. Initially becoming increasingly easier to access to the internet, in the next process becoming a very easy to find place in everyday life tools such as smart phones, internet’s reputation in this issue seems to be justified. This research purposed to show stage of Turkish university students’ anxiety as an indicator of psychological well-being, and types of internet usage (communication, entertainment, and informative). Add to this, the study purpose to reveal that the relationship between anxiety, and internet usage types (communication, entertainment, and informative) among Turkish university students. A survey was conducted on two thousand eight hundred and six (2806) students who attend twenty six (26) universities that located on whole Turkey. Different sampling techniques were used such as cluster, purposeful and random sampling for representing all Turkey university students. Data was collected via a questionnaire which included different subscales such as anxiety, internet usage styles and individual differences. Results showed that 40.4 % of participants live anxiety. Also participants’ daily average internet usage time is 118 minutes. Students most frequently use to internet purpose of communication and entertainment while they use less purpose of information. In additionally, all internet usage forms (communication, entertainment, and informative) were positively and significantly associated with anxiety. Keywords: University students, psychological well-being, anxiety, internet usage X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5142 A SOLUTION SUGGESTION TO A MODERN-DAY DISEASE, POLITICAL CORRUPTION: FARABI’S POLITICAL APPROACH Tugba YOLCU Dr. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Universty, Osmaniye-Turkey There are many types of behavior and acts that corrupt political decency. Behaviors and acts that disrupt political decency can be briefly named Political Corruption. Political corruption is present in different sizes and varieties in all governmental systems as monarchy, oligarchy or democracy. Political corruption, which is one of the main problems of modern-day political approach, it is also one of the underlying reasons of disruptions in the functioning of political mechanism. Political corruption is a concept that is also closely related to ethics. The institutional works carried out in this area in Turkish political life has not been sufficient until recently. Today, one of the important institutions established for this purpose is the Commission of Political Ethics. When the methods and principals employed and the results achieved by the Commission are observed, it is clear that there are some disruptions. For this reason, in our study, solution suggestions aimed at the disease of political corruption in the framework of the political understanding of Farabi, one of the Islamic thinkers, will be generated. Farabi associates the goal of the state, a political organization, with virtue, a moral concept. But in modern day politics, the political ethics understanding that Farabi offers leads us to an impasse between the ideal and reality. This impasse is mentioned in our study and solution suggestions will be made through the appropriate points. Keywords: Political Corruption, Politica, Ethics, Farabi X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5144 Yurttaş Gazeteciliği ve Sosyal Medya Manipülasyonu Yusuf Ozkir Assistant Professor Medipol Universitesi, Beykoz, İstanbul, Gazeteciliğin temel işlevi sayılan bilgi ve haber akışının sağlanması konusu dönemsel olarak yeni formlar üzerinden gerçekleşmektedir. Modern dönemde gazete, radyo ve televizyon araçlığıyla gerçekleşen gazeteciliğin siyaset ve sermaye kaynaklı yaşadığı tıkanıklığın aşılabilmesi için 20. Yüzyılın sonuna doğru internet ve sosyal medyanın öne çıktığı görülür. Küre ölçeğinde yaygınlaşmaya başlayan İnternet ve sosyal medya, bu anlamda haber akışı için sunduğu yeni imkân kurumsallaşmış iletişim araçlarının aşılmasında ve haber akışının bireye dayalı şekilde dolaşıma sokulmasında işlev kazanmıştır. Yurttaş gazeteciliğinin bir formu olarak görülen internet ve sosyal medya paylaşımlarının bu anlamda biri olumluyu, diğeri olumsuzu temsil eden iki farklı boyutu olduğuna dair örnekler de görülmeye başlanmıştır. Bu çalışma sosyal medya kullanımına dayalı yurttaş gazeteciliğinin olumsuz yönlerini, Türkiye’de tecrübe edilen iki örnekten hareket ederek irdelemektedir. Taksim Gezi Parkı şiddet eylemleri sırasında sosyal medyanın kullanılma şekli ve terör örgütü PKK’nın Türkiye’deki saldırıları esnasında sosyal medyayı nasıl kullandığına dair örnekler kalkış noktası olarak kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda ise, sosyal medya merkezli yurttaş gazeteciliğinin ilk ortaya çıkış şekliyle kazandığı güvenilir ve inandırıcılık bağlamındaki niteliklerin giderek zayıflamaya başladığına vurgu yapılmaktadır. Keywords: sosyal medya, yurttaş gazeteciliği, manipülasyon X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5145 EXAMINATION OF CYBERBULLYING AND VICTIMIZATION EXPERIENCES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS Selahattin Cavus, Bunyamin Ayhan Assistant Professor Faculty of Tourism, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey Digital technology dramatically affects social life and interaction styles. The masses, tending towards virtual-spaces than urban-spaces, develop new socialization forms via the internet. However, virtual-socialization for individuals who are able to stay online at any time of the day through smartphones creates new kinds of conflict areas. These conflicts are studied within the frame of cyberbullying concept. Cyberbullying which is in the field of interest of psychology, psychiatry and sciences of education and communication, is considered as a characteristic form of harmful effects of the internet. Researches indicate that cyberbullying has become a prevalent problem in the world. This study examines cyberbullying, which is considered as danger especially for children and teens. The aim of the study is to survey the cyberbullying and victimization experiences of university students. In the study, which is based on quantitative method, questionnaires have been used in collecting data. Working group of the study is 400 students which are undergraduates at Aksaray University. The Cyberbullying and Online Aggression Scale, developed by Hinduja ve Patchin (2009), has been used in the study. Keywords: cyberbullying, cyber victimization, internet, university student X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5146 The Construction of Femininity in Turkish Cinema in 1980s Aslı Ekici Dr. Selcuk University Communication Faculty Room: 316 Konya Turkey Family is still an important institution nowadays like in the past. Marriage is seen “essential” for the union of woman and man under the institution of family. In Yeşilçam melodramas which performs with traditional narrative patterns marriage is presented like it is the major aim of woman. With the rising of women’s movement after 1980 there has been a differentiation at this viewpoint. In this period there has been a conversion not only in conception of marriage but also the roles of woman in social life. In Turkey 1980s is a period which has been economical conversions and women play an active role on working life with the effects of this conversions too. After 1980 military coup feminist attitude which provide an alternative viewpoint to traditional roles of women in family grow and roles of women and men redefine in those years. These changes are also seen in Turkish cinema and a series of films which addresses problems of women that is named “Woman’s film” shoot in these years. At these films we see women who have dilemma of home and work. In these study first of all there will be an overview of family institution and then examples of Yeşilçam melodramas and Turkish films in 1980s which represents characteristics of that period will be examined to review the similar and different parts of construction of femininity in Turkish cinema before and after 1980. Keywords: Turkish Cinema, woman, family, motherhood, marriage, violence, sexuality X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5147 Ulusal İstihdam Stratejisi Bağlamında Türkiye'de İşgücü Piyasalarının Düzenlenmesi Suheyla Erikli, Bülent Bayat Gazi üniversitesi, sosyal politika, Turkiye Küreselleşme süreci ile birlikte sermayenin emeğin ucuz olduğu yerlere kayması ve dolayısıyla yatırımın emeğin ucuz olduğu bölgelerde gerçekleştirilmesi iş gücü piyasaları üzerinde önemli bir baskı unsuru oluşturmuş; bu durum bir yandan ücretlerin düşmesine neden olurken bir diğer yandan devletler açısından işgücü piyasası politikalarında yeni alternatif arayışları ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu noktada Avrupa İstihdam Stratejisi temel alınarak Türkiye tarihinin ilk ulusal istihdam stratejisi oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında bu stratejide yer alan temel politika eksenlerine değinilecektir. Keywords: Türkiye istihdam stratejisi, esneklik, güvence, eğitim X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5148 Attitude Towards Charity: The Case of Ice Bucket Challenge Adnan Kara, Ilknur Bilgen, Sahavet Gurdal PhD Student Ressam Namik Ismail sok. No:1 Bahcelievler Istanbul TURKEY New concepts are becoming popular in the area of marketing every day. Social marketing seems to be one of the latest ones. Nearly all of the corporations think that they must notice corporate social responsibility as a part of their social marketing program. Being socially responsible is an individual attribution as well as being an institutional one. People can support some social responsibility projects by considering their responsibilities to the society. As opinion leaders, famous people’s involvement about social responsibility projects, can be useful for increasing the awareness of the project and also encourage other people as well. However, it can be an arguable subject if these actions are really a part of charity or not. Mostly, people’s perceptions about charity are the same with social responsibility. However, charity, which is really different from corporate social responsibility, is another important issue to be explained. As it is known, today, not only the products and services, but also the other things like opinions, places or people can be marketed. So, it can be thought that the famous people use this situation as a marketing tool for themselves. In this study, attitude towards charity is examined with the case of Ice Bucket Challenge. By this aim, a descriptive research is designed. Keywords: Charity, Social Responsibility, Social Marketing. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5149 Undesirable teacher behaviours in the classsroom Ahu TANERI, Seyit ATES, Ezgi CETINKAYA Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey Designing the teachers behaviours and experienced practise based on teachers themselves for the possibility of holding the highest level of effective interaction in classrooms needs lots of time. At the present time, mentoring programmes are come to the fore, and contribute to minimizing the time and increasing qualified educational environment practises, also conveying professional background. Mentoring programmes are used as an alternative to in-service training activities. The aim of this study is indicating the teacher behaviours, which are undesirable and decreasing effective interaction for qualified educational environment in classrooms, based on teacher candidates and teachers with professional seniority views. In this study, qualitative research methods used to examine the situation in depth. Focus group interview tecnique is used to collect data. The content analysis used in the stage of the data analysis.Twenty elemantary pre-service teachers sellected from the department of primary teaching education and twenty teachers with different professional seniority. Keywords: primary education, undesirable teacher behaviours, teaching practice X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5151 THE FIRST TURKISH PRINTED PRESS IN BOSNIA Aida Uslu, Nurettin Guz PhD Student, Prof.Dr. TRT Genel Mudurlugu Turan Gunes Bulvari Dis Yayinlar Binasi Bosnakca/Sirpca/Hirvatca masasi 06540 Or-An Ankara Bosnia remained a state of Ottoman Empire from 1463 to 1878. This region, also known as ‘Evlad-ı Fatihan’, have been an important location through history. There has always been cultural interaction and strong relationships between Bosnia and Turkey. This interaction and friendly relations continues even today. For the Ottoman Empire, the 19th century was a period of innovation in almost all areas. The first printing press in Turkish language and other languages, particularly in İstanbul and other centers of the Empire, emerged and developed in this century. Bosnia is one of the countries, outside of today’s Turkey, where Turkish press emerged and maintained its existence for long years. In the 19th century when Ottomans published the first Turkish newspapers, 6 newspapers were published in Bosnia. These newspapers were: Bosanski Vijestnik, Bosnia, Bosanski Cvijetnik(Gulsen-i Saray), Neretva, Vatan. In this study, among these six newspapers, we selected three of them: Bosnia, Bosanski Cvijetnik (Gulsen-i Saray) and Vatan newspapers. The subjekt of this study is how those three newspapers gave the coverage on publishing policies, present situation those days and publishing contents. This study will not only present early periods of printed press in Bosnia, but will also give the information on Ottoman press outside of Istanbul, particulary in the Balkans. Keywords: Press, printed press in Bosnia, Bosnia, Bosanski Cvijetnik (Gulsen-i Saray), Vatan newspaper. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5152 Religious Diversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A case study of Neocatechumenal Way and Year of the Faith Big Mission Serap Fišo Instructor Hrasnička cesta 15, 71210 Ilidža, Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina Religion considers as a way of life. Religion and history of the civilization has a strong link with each other, religion plays enormous role from beginning of the human history. However, religion becomes lately a serious matter for the human identity. There is no such an unique example than Bosnia and Herzegovina to provide this transformation period of religion, how it transfer as personal identity. Bosnia and Herzegovina is country which is a territorially, culturally and historically bridge between western and eastern world and the country also combines all different religion concepts within it. Diverse rituals, symbols, temples and religious figure bring the country in liveliness. Bosnia and Herzegovina is the country which practices religion in order to establish peace and justice in pluralistic society. In this context, the paper focuses significantly on anthropological research model in Sarajevo, it bases on monthly observation of the Easter celebration of the Neocatechumenal parish which is a quite new sect and group in Catholic Church. Neocatechumenal Way is a great case study to provide religious diversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina where most of the religious groups have a freedom for practicing their own rituals and beliefs. Therefore, the paper designs to examine ritual, symbol and opinion about Year of the Faith Big Mission. Keywords: Neocatechumenal Way, religious diversity, Catholic sect, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Year of the Faith Big Mission. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5153 Regional House Price Convergence in Turkey: Has it changed after the Mortgage Law? Utku Akseki, Barış Alpaslan, Barış Gök, Abdurrahman Nazif Çatık Department of Economics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey In this paper we analyze regional house price convergence in Turkey using monthly data of seven big cities covering the period January 2003 and June 2015. Both linear unit root and unit root with structural breaks tests do not support the existence of house price convergence in Turkey. The results also suggest that the implementation of the mortgage law in 2007 leads to significant structural breaks in the regional house prices. Keywords: House price, convergence, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5155 Examination of the aircraft crisis between Turkey and Russia in the foreign press Makbule Evrim Gülsünler Associate Professor Selcuk University Communication Faculty Alaeddin Keykubad Campus Konya, Turkey Certain events occurring in society in terms of media are newsworthy. Newspapers and television transports hundreds of events to reders and audience every day in news format. These tools are very simple development of a raw material to tell any ""incident"" or a product as ""news"". This conversion will decide what has news value. Content analysis (analysis); aims to examine the publications in the field of visual ,auditory and written area. Used quite extensively in the field of communication. Content analysis, which can be renewed and meaningful conclusions from the data in a message expected to give reliable results is a research technique. Content analysis allows a scientific approach to examine oral, written and other materials in objetive and systmatical way. It helps us understand the message between the lines of these materials. Based on this study, especially from the side of news and ideologies we will investigated the evaluatı-ion of aircraft attack that took place between Turkey and Russia in the foreign press. Therefore we will take Germany which has the most population of Turkey's densely inhabited as universe, America and England. The bestselling three newspaper which we catch on line of these country will create our sample. The method of content analysis will be applied on the news about the attack . Differences in reflecting news of ideology in the present study aims to unroll. Keywords: İdeology. communication Mass, Content Analyses X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5156 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF THE OPERATING BUSINESSES IN THE TURKISH CEMENT INDUSTRY Duygu Baysal Kurt, Orhan Çoban, Emine Üstündağ Department of Economics, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey In today's competitive conditions, the importance of the concept of efficiency is increasing day by day. In terms of businesses that operate in the same industry, efficiency indicators are guiding in determining the competitive strategies. In this study efficiency analysis of a total of 17 businesses, which operate in the Turkish cement industry and trade on Istanbul Stock Exchange, is made for 2009-2015 period. Data Envelopment Analysis is used for efficiency measurement. Data Envelopment Analysis, which is a frequently used method in applied studies in various fields, measures efficiency both according to maximum output with the fixed input and fixed output with the minimal input, under the assumption of both variable and fixed returns. In this context, the stages of analysis are listed as selecting the decision-making unit, creating input-output sets, the selection of the model and the evaluation of the results. In this study, the output oriented efficiency measurement is performed under the assumption of variable returns to scale. In order to reveal comparative efficiencies of businesses operating in the cement sector, two methods have been utilized. In the first method, current ratio, financial leverage ratio and the ratio of short-term liabilities in total liabilities are used as inputs; the return on equity and the return on assets are also considered as outputs. In the other method inputs are unchanged; but distributed profit ratio to net profit and price-earnings ratio are included in the model as outputs. According to the results of efficiency analysis, which is made with the help of Data Envelopment Analysis, in both methods the level of businesses efficiencies detected as similar in some years. In this context, a business with good profitability doesn’t mean that this business provides the best returns. In the same manner, a profitable business profit distribution ratio is determined not to be equally high. On the other hand, a business, which exhibits good performance in the industry, has been shown not to be equally effective on financial profitability. It is concluded that, factors related to the market are also effect on efficiency of the businesses. Keywords: Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, the Turkish Cement Industry X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5157 CLUSTERING OF TURKEY'S PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN TERMS OF THEIR PERFORMANCE INDICATORS Fatih Santas, Oguz Isik, Ahmet Kar, Yetkin Gurvardar Hacettepe University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 06800 Beytepe Ankara In Turkey, for the organization of health services to be effective, efficient and equitable, to obtain their finance and to deliver them, Health Transformation Program (HTP) is introduced by year 2003 and various applications are initiated in the direction of HTP’s particular components. One of the components determined by HTP is to remove the role of Ministry of Health’s health service server, and to turn the Ministry of Health into an element planning and monitoring the whole system, and to ensure that all the health service institutions, particularly hospitals can meet the incomes and the expenses of their own. For this purpose, in 2011, ‘Decree Law Concerning the Organization of the Ministry of Health and Its Affiliates’ is published and in the direction of PSC, Ministry of Health Service is restructured and Public Hospital Unions are constituted. With this legal regulation, hospitals are expected to be able to meet their expenses with own income. An important way for hospitals to balance their incomes and expenses is to use their sources efficiently. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the status of Turkey Public Hospital’s efficiency, quality and performance and to classify hospitals in terms of performance indicators. In this way, it will be possible to determine if the hospitals can use their sources efficiently or not. In the research, the data are provided from the Ministry of Health and they belong to the year of 2014 of the hospitals. In the research, each public hospital’s performance indicators (average day that patient stays, inpatient rate, bed turnover rate, bed turnover range, bed occupation rate and crude mortality rate) are calculated separately and hospitals are clustered in terms of performance indicators using clustering analysis. Research analyses are performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2016 and SPSS 20,0 packaged software. With the research it is determined that more improvement is needed on indicators, particularly on bed occupation rate and several suggestions are made in this direction. Keywords: Hospital, Performance, Clustering Analysis X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5158 Hospital Mergers and Acquisitions in Turkish Health Sector: Examination of 2008-2015 Term Gulcan Kahraman, Ozgur Ugurluoglu, Fatih Santas Hacettepe University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 06800 Beytepe Ankara In this study, it is aimed to examine the course of hospital merger and acquisition transactions that took place between the years 2008-2015 in health sector in Turkey. In addition, revealing the factors that cause mergers and acquisitions is among the objectives of the study. Research is a descriptive study; it is investigated hospital mergers and acquisitions between the years 2008-2015 in health sector by scanning reports published by ""Ernst & Young"" and ""Deloitte"". Data related to merger and acquisition transactions is classified by year of transaction, company that acquire, country that acquire, destination country, share proportion, deal value and type of transaction (merger or acquisition). 48 hospital merger and acquisition transactions was realized between the years 2008-2015 in the health sector in Turkey. Transactions were in the form of acquisition except one merger. It is identified that there were 4 transactions in 2008, 1 transaction in 2009, 10 transactions in 2010, 15 transactions in 2011, 2 transactions in 2012, 7 transactions in 2013, 6 transactions in 2014 and 3 transactions in 2015. While 29 of 48 hospitals was acquired by companies operating in Turkey, 19 of 48 hospitals was purchased by companies outside Turkey. The general trend was towards the purchase of the entire hospital. When taken into account difficulties in the health and hospital sector (cost, legal requirements, etc.), it is predicted that hospital chain will acquire small hospitals in Turkey, that have growth potential in the future, enabling economies of scale advantages and facilitates the geographically spread. Keywords: Health Sector, Hospital, Mergers, Acquisitions. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5159 The Developments in Foreign Direct Investments in Turkey After 2000’s AYSE GUNAY BEKAR Assistant Professor Department of Public Finance, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, University of Dokuz Eylul, Izmir, Turkey Investments in a foreign country can be made in various forms, not only in the form of financial assets such as foreign bonds, equities and financial bills but also in the form of phsical capital. While investments on financial assets are named as financial investment or portfolio investments or indirect investments, investments on real production are named as real investments or direct investments. Foreign direct investments can be defined as “Investments of foreign firms on the firms in another country by purchasing a domestic firm, providing initial capital for a new firm or increasing capital of a domestic firm”. A foreign investment is accompanied by new technology, information about business administration and visitorial power of the foreign investor. With the aim of spreading its production in other countries rather than the country in which it is established, if a firm establishes production facilities or purchases domestic production facilities in other countries in which the corporate office of this firm does not exist, we define this investment as ‘a foreign direct investment’. World countries have a great competition among themselves in order to benefit from foreign direct investments. The most important reasons for this competition are the significant benefits of foreign direct investments to these countries such as capital, technology, modern know-how, management skills and marketing and exporting opportunities. Foreign direct investment to Turkey has significantly grown especially after 2003. Due to the improvements in economic indicators, starting the negotiation process with the EU towards Turkey’s full membership and putting the Foreign Direct Investment Law into force have made Turkey a more attractive country for international investors. Although Turkey faced relatively low foreign capital inflows until 2000’s, since then it has achieved to attract more foreign capital inflows. In this paper, we analyse the developments in foreign direct investments in Turkey especially after 2000 and the effect of these investments on the Turkish economy. Keywords: Foreign Investment, Foreign Direct Investment, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5161 THE ASSESSMENT ON ATTITUDES OF THE ACCOUNTANCY PROFESSION MEMBERS TO THEIR LIABLES Ela Hicyorulmaz, Habib AKDOGAN Instructor, Associate Professor Akkent 3.Cad. No: 3 Akkent Çorum TÜRKİYE The number of the accountancy profession members has been increasing every passing day. Techological changes, differentiation of the expections of customers cause emergence of a different competition in this intensity. However, the point which should not be forgetten refers to competition in the quality of the service provided and the work done by also considering ethical values. Nowadays, liables are not contented with experience and low payment, they also expect vocational and technical consultancy procurement. Under these conditions, attitudes of the accountancy profession members to their liables gain significance. There are a number of studies on the issue in the related literature. Since behavioural characteristics come into prominence more frequently, number of the studies conducted has increased. In this study, it is aimed at assessing attitudes of the accountancy profession members to their liables. For this purpose, the questionnaire designed after literature review will be applied to the accountancy profession members in Corum and the data gathered will be analysed through SPSS program. Keywords: Professional Accountants, Behavioral Variables, Liables X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5162 HOW MUCH IS PUBLIC OPINION INFLUENCED BY ATTITUDES OF THE ACCOUNTANCY PROFESSION MEMBERS IN THE ISSUE OF BUSINESS AND PROFESSION ETHICS? Habib Akdogan, Ela HICYORULMAZ Associate Professor, Instructor Akkent 3.Cad. No: 3 Akkent Çorum TÜRKİYE Public opinion as a user of knowledge uses the information produced by accountancy information system in the point of decision making. However, accuracy and reliability, independency and objectivity of the information provided by profession members via financial tables are closely related with the qualities of profession members who prepare the tables. One of these qualities refers to professional consciousness and ethics which appear among the qualities of accountancy profession members. Among these qualities, being ethical and behaving ethically reserves quite significant place. While informing public opinion, profession members working in our country should obey the laws, generallyaccepted accountancy principles, internal and international standarts, ethical principles and rules throughout the process in order to reach the intended consequence. In addition, how much information providers are perceived or recognized ethically by public opinion rather than how much they behave ethically is significant. For this reason, this study is conducted in order to learn the assesment of public opinion on the accountancy profession members. This study will use questionaire as a research method and people who live in Corum will be the research universe. Keywords: Ethics, Informing Public Opinion, Professional Accountants X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5163 PRESENTATION OF THE NEWS OF THE BABY AYLAN WHO WASHED UP ASHORE DURING THE REFUGEES’ JOURNEY TO HOPE Narin Tülay Şeker, Fatma Nisan Akdeniz Univercity Communication Faculty Campus Antalya The latest country where conflicts, which occurred in the Arab world recently and are called the Arab Spring, are seen widespread is Syria. Russia and the USA have also intervened in the conflicts in Syria which have started with a civil commotion and are going on with the invasion of the terrorist organization called ISIS. The Syrian people who had no life safety within the war fled to their territory and took refuge in Turkey and many European Countries. While European Countries hesitated in opening their gates to the refugees at first, Turkey opened its gate to the neighbouring country Syria and many refugees entered Turkey. The refugees who want to pass to the European Countries have tried to pass the seas riding small vessels. However, some refugees who fled to ensure their life safety succumbed to the waves in small dinghies and lost their lives. The world states remaining silent to this situation terrified with the corpse of the three year-old Baby Aylan who came to be washed up ashore dead in Bodrum, a district of Muğla, on 2nd of September 2015 and many newspapers both in Turkey and in the world brought up the issue to the agenda as “humanity washed ashore”. As a result of the questioning of conscience and humanity of the world states with the photo of the baby washed up ashore, some European countries opened their gates to the refugees. With the photo of the baby washed up ashore, which came to the fore in the world, the news have been built mainly in a way that can manipulate the feelings of humans. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine how the photo of the baby washed up ashore and who shocked the world was framed in Turkish media. All Turkish newspapers where this news took place are included in this study. The study covers the first 15 days of the publication of the relevant news. Keywords: Arab Spring, Refugee Problem, Baby Aylan, News Manipulation, News Framing X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5165 NEWS FOLLOW İN PERİODS OF CRİSİS FARUK TEMEL, OSMAN UTKAN ERCİYES UNİVERSİTY COMMUNİCATİON FACULTY,KAYSERİ,TURKEY Access to the news that vary depending on the development of communication technology tools, individuals, countries and the world has enabled us easily to follow the agenda. Despite these developments, the news is that people follow the selectors to behave or not behave debate to what extent they followed news topics. Using various tools, every day, in individuals who have the opportunity to access news, one of the factors that determine them to be selective in the choice of news, events that are linked to the country's agenda. In particular, political, economic or social crisis the country is experiencing a period of intensive issues for the agenda, it is observed that more frequent follow-up rate of individual news. between the news value of ""materiality"" criterion stands out at this point. Also in accordance with these criteria, several factors are decisive. In conjunction with technological tools in developing countries that occupy the agenda of issues, it is followed within days by individuals as a density indicates that it is an effective follow-up of important issues and crisis news. In this context, the results of research carried out at the Erciyes University academics, in times of crisis, the news shows that more and more often be followed. Keywords: Periods Of Crisis, News Follow, Materiality, News Selection X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5166 LANGUAGE GAMES OF THE CINEMA: ‘AH GÜZEL İSTANBUL’ ARE YOU REAL OR LIE? Hacer Aker, Meral Serarslan Department of Communication Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey Jacques Derrida describes the cinema as ‘a battle of phantoms’. By this way, he claimed that cinema between ‘the light and darkness’ and the reality between ‘existence and absence’ can be in compliance. Derrida as a philosopher chased things invisible from when and where we look from and he argued that the cinema does or must do this. This study, which tries to read the cinema film from a post-structuralist perspective, focuses on invisible thing on the track of Derrida and his sons and also it refers to a context which was established by meta narratives with language games. Ömer Kavur signed ‘Ah Güzel İstanbul’ is analysis object of this study. This study is based on the constructive theory of representation which expresses that films contibute on construction of the reality by giving different answers to the dilemmas and changes of social life. For this purpose, deconstructive method is applied and it is seen that hegemonic opposition as a dominant and repressed term is provided by ‘rationalism’ as primary meta narrative and ‘irrationalism/love’ as secondary meta narrative. Keywords: Turkish cinema, post-structuralist, Ömer Kavur, Ah Güzel İstanbul. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5167 Libertarian Understanding of Abortion and its Critics Seval Yaman Instructor Dr. Ankara Sosyal Bilimler Universitesi, Hukumet Meydani No: 2 PK: 06030 Ulus, Altindag, ANKARA, TURKEY Abortion has become a very political and contentious issue all around the world. There are very different political and moral as well as legal and theoretical standpoints on this issue. This paper will discuss how libertarians view and conceptualize abortion since it presents extremely relevant and difficult challenges for the core assumptions of this theory. Self-ownership is the core and the first moral principle of libertarianism defined as one’s ownership of his/her body including its parts, capacities, labour and by extension of whatever acquired by these in a non-aggressive manner. As the second principle, nonaggression axiom states immorality of initiation of coercion, physical force, threats, or fraud against other people to achieve personal, social or political goals. While these principles are mostly discussed in relation to the idea of private property and the minimization or removal of state intervention, they are perfectly applicable to the debates over abortion and could be interpreted as conflicting with one another. There are some libertarians who in Rothbardian line start with a very hard assumption that the fetus or embryo is an individual having rights against the mainstream idea which does not accept fetus as an individual at least until certain weeks. Rothbard stated that ""no being has a right to live, unbidden, as a parasite within or upon some person's body” because “fetus becomes a parasitic “invader” of the person, and the mother has the perfect right to expel this invader from her domain.” In this paper, I will try to contextualize and evaluate this argument and its critics. I will do this using a libertarian framework and critically discussing terms such as self-ownership, non-aggression, and natural rights used by Rothbard to justify the termination of pregnancy regardless of fetal age. Keywords: Libertariansim, anarcho-capitalasim, human rights, abortion, self-ownership, non-aggression axiom, X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5169 The Internal Marketing Of The Impact On Organizational Commitment Of Disabled Employees: The Sample Of The Central District In Tokat EDA PAC, Murat SAYİLİ Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences Department of Business Administration 60240 TOKAT/TURKEY Nowadays, the importance of internal marketing concept is increasing. Companies give importance to internal marketing activities as much as external marketing activities to survive in a highly competitive environment. Internal marketing activities, provide many advantages to companies. As these advantages can be counted among include employee satisfaction, productivity and quality increasing, to increase the organization commitment of the employees also contain. The internal marketing can show an enhancer effect upon the organization commitment in the long time that is submitted in literature. In this study, the organization commitment of disabled employees in the disadvantageous group determine and the internal marketing of the impact on organizational commitment whether or not and the impact’s direction about the questions of what happened aims to have the answer. In literature has a lot of studies that research relationship between the internal marketing and the organization commitment. These studies were made on many different sectors. The most importance difference of this study from other studies is made on disabled employees. In line with the study investigated the effect to organization commitment of the internal marketing with the work of the survey on 73 disabled employees in public organizations in the sample of the central district in Tokat. Keywords: Internal Marketing, Organization Commitment, Disabled Employees X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5170 Public Relations Practices In Terms Of Intercultural Communication: Example Of Yunus Emre Institutes In Turkey – Bosnia And Herzegovina Relations Nilay Akgün Akan, Mustafa Akdağ Department of Public Relations and Publicity, University of Ercıyes, Kayseri, Turkey It is possible to get and send information to any part of the world anytime with information technologies, mass media and developments happening in systems. Thanks to easilyreached, accelerated and facilitated communication, cultures increase their relations and interactions with each other. The increase of the interaction between individuals coming from different countries, languages and races makes the concept of intercultural communication more important. It is possible for intercultural communication to be success by understanding the differences, being aware, developing sensitiveness to this condition. At this point, public relations get involved in intercultural communication process and play an instrumental role between two cultures through national and international public relations practices. This study explains the intercultural communication process and evaluates the public relations practices in terms of intercultural communication and the relations between Turkey and Bosnia Herzegovina through Yunus Emre Institutes example. Keywords: Intercultural Communication, Public Relations, Turkey, Bosnia Herzegovina, Yunus Emre Institutes X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5171 Companies’ Perception and Attitude Towards the Green Economy: A Case Study on Bursa Organized Industrial Zone Yasemin Kaya, Sevda Gursakal Department of Public Admistration, University of Uludag, Bursa Turkey The aim of this study is to evaluate the perception and attitudes to green economy of private sector enterprises operating in Bursa, one of the most important industrial cities of Turkey. UNEP defines a green economy “as one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. In its simplest expression, a green economy is low-carbon, resource efficient, and socially inclusive. In a green economy, growth in income and employment are driven by public and private investments that reduce carbon emissions and pollution, enhance energy and resource efficiency, and prevent the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.” Our work entails a survey form prepared in accordance with the elements appeared within the green economy definition intended to explore perception and attitudes of the firms to green economy. Aforementioned survey had been sent via mail to miscellaneous firms of various scale and sector operating in 8 organized industrial districts within the period December 2015-January 2016. Data received from a total of 134 firms has been analyzed with a view to characterize the perception and attitudes of the firms to green economy. Keywords: Green economy, low-carbon, resource efficiency, Bursa, Industrial Districts X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5173 The Academic Self-Esteem and Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills of Refugee and Non-refugee Preschoolers Pinar Cicekoglu, Ender Durualp, Gül Kadan Cankiri Karatekin University, School of Health In this research, the comparison of the academic self-esteem and interpersonal problem solving skills of refugee and non-refugee preschoolers and examining the relation between them is aimed. The working group of the research consists of preschooler children in the nursery schools who are refugees (20 children) and non-refugees (20 children) at the ages of 5-6, totalling 40 children. The data were gathered by “ General Information Form”, “ Interpersonal Problem Solving Scale” developed by Özdil (2008) and “Academic Self-Esteem Scale” adapted into Turkish by Cevher (2004). Shapiro-Wilk, t, Mann-Whitney U tests and Pearson Correlation Analysis were used in the analysis of the data. The 65% of the refugee children are at the age of six and half of them are girls and 60% of the non-refugee children are at the age of five and half of them are girls. As a result of the analysis, there is no significant statistical difference between the academic self-esteem of the refugee (X=70,7±15,8) and non-refugee (X=72,9±21,9) children (t(38)=-,364, p>0,05). It is determined that the constructive problem solving skills of the non-refugee children are statistically significantly higher (U=120, p<0,05). There is no significant difference between the destructive problem solving behaviours of the children (U=154,5, p>0,05). When the mean ranks are examined, it is found that the non-refugee children (22,78) demonstrated more destructive problem solving behaviours than the refugee children (18,22). It is seen that there is a medium level, positive and significant relation (r=0,582, p=0,000) between the academic self-esteem and constructive problem solving skills and there is a medium-level, negative and significant relation between the academic self-esteem and destructive problem solving behaviours (r=-0,381, p=0,015) of the children. It is thought that interventions which will develop self-concept and provide solving the problems in a constructive way are required and important for the preschool children who are at risk. Keywords: Refugee, Preschool period, Academic self-esteem, Problem Solving skills X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5174 Ideologization of Ecology or Ecologization of Ideologies: A Case Study on Ideological Articulation of Ecofeminism Mehmet Demir, Nese Senel, Emrah Inalpolat Kafkas Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Merkez/KARS Due to their need to support and expand their discourses, movements or ideologies like feminism tend to get articulated to such super structures as socialism, Marxism or ecology. Additionally, in order to extend their ideological circles and empower their potency of action, the superstructures could get articulated into more narrow-scoped infrastructures. In this study, these articulations will be discussed through the theory of ecofeminism, which is mainly formed by bridging ecology and feminism. Ecofeminism is defined as a critical theory that functions as a bridge between the disciplines of feminism and ecology/ ecocriticism and the theory articulates both of these ideologies. Essentially, ecofeminism is a radical literary theory and a political movement based on ecology and to some it is a sub-branch of ecocriticism yet to some others it is a sub-branch of feminism which proclaims that the subjugation of the females and the exploitation of nature are all interrelated stratums conducted by a prevailing masculine mindset; thus, this radical ecological criticism necessitates the analyses of these interconnected oppressions. According to the ecofeminist understanding, the patriarchy exerts and maintains its power and domination by making use of authoritative power structures that are based on dualisms like human/nature, men/women, nature/culture. Thus, ecofeminists attempt to destroy all the established dualities and they disseminate ecologically informed societies where equality and liberation are maintained for all genders. In order to destroy all these established dualities, ecofeminists make use of several ideological superstructures as well as various infrastructures and narratives. Within the context of articulation of ideologies, in addition to getting articulated into such ideological superstructures as feminism and ecology, ecofeminism is also exposed to several infra-articulations and infra-divergences within itself. In this study, the ideological articulation of infra- and super-structures will be studied within the context of ecofeminism as the case study. Keywords: ideology, articulation, ecofeminism, ecology, ecocriticism, feminism X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5175 WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE AMONG BOSNIAN AND TURKISH STUDENTS AT IUS Almasa Mulalic Assistant Professor English Language and Literature Department, International University of Sarajevo, sarajevo Bosnia and hercegovina This study examines the correlation between willingness to communicate, communication apprehension and communication competence among Turkish and Bosnian students at IUS. Willingness to communicate as defined by McCroskey and Richard (1987) means an individual personal’s general personality orientation towards talking. Communication apprehension according to McCroskey (1984) is an individual level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with other person or persons. Communication competence according to McCroskey and McCroskey (1986) is ones people’s perception of his/her communication competence. Data for this study was collected from students enrolled in freshman classes at IUS. Survey method was used to collect data from the participants using questionnares. Pearson correlations will be computed between the total scores for all measures (WTC, PRCA, and SPCC) in order to determine the relationships between willingness to communicate, communication apprehension and communication competence. The t-test will be used to determine mean differences on all communication orientations among Turkish and Bosnian students. Keywords: Keywords; willingness to communicate (WTC), communication apprehension (PRCA), communication competence (SPCC), communication, anxiety. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5177 Turkısh Cınema in the Light of Socıal Change: The Case of Lutfi Akad's "Mıgratıon Trılogy" Aysegul Cilingir PhD Student Department of Radio, Television and Cinema, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey Cinema has always been an interesting field of art. Plato put forth the “Cave Metaphor” in the ancient Greek. “Cave Metaphor” describes peoples’ desire to recognize other people and cultures. In the same sense, cinema provides us the chance to learn about different cultures. Modern cinema emerged in the 19th century. The first films were in the form of documents representing images. Cinema was seen as a means of amusement in its initial stages, but it evolved into a simulation of social life along with the development of advanced technology and social changes encountered throughout the 20th century. It also took over a social function along with the political and economical changes that took place after the 1950’s. The concept of immigration became a matter of concern in the Turkish cinema in the aftermath of industrialization during the 1950’s. There was an influence of “Social Reality Movement” emerging in the 1960’s in the selection of these topics. Lütfi Akad’s films called “Gelin, Düğün and Diyet”, also known as “the Migration Trilogy”, cultivate the dilemma between the rural and the modern over the concept of family. These films give accounts of migration, modernization, cultural changes and syndication. The study analyzes the representation of social change in cinema in “Migration Trilogy”. The study also analyzes the content of these films in the light of social problems specific to this era. The data from the content analysis is also subjected to an interpretive analysis. Keywords: Migration Trilogy, Social Change, Turkish Cinema X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5178 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) As a Cultural Practice: Is a cultural right or a violation of human rights? Duru Şahyar Akdemir Dr. Anadolu Üniversitesi, İktisat Fakültesi, Kamu Yönetimi Bölümü Despite it is considered as violence against women by United Nations, the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is still performed in many parts of the world. FGM defenders regard FGM as a cultural practice.They recognise such an application as a right ıf a woman has consent. In fact, FGM defenders ignore the role of culture, the role of gender. They neglect the norms that society imposes because if a person is taught to behave in a particular way, it is difficult to behave differently. On the other hand, the opponents regard FGM as a practice which violates the human rights and quite a torture for the women. The source of the problem is that the concept of human rights and cultural rights are not clear in our minds. We do not have a obvious definiton about human rights, cultural rights and their limits. In this paper it is going to be disscussed the fact of “Female Genital Mutilation” which is a violation of human rights apply to girls at the ages between infancy and age 15; or in other words it is going to be disscussed the fact of “Female Genital Mutilation” which is a cultural practice of girls whom experienced at the ages between infancy and age 15. FGM is going to be examined in the context of human rights, cultural rights and gender. Keywords: Human rights, Cultural Rights, Gender X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5180 Sponsorship Activities of Oil Companies As A Communication Tool in Turkey Kadir Canoz, Omer Bakan Selcuk University, Faculty of Communication, Konya / TURKEY Sponsorship is one of the activities of companies which is used to achieve their target audiences, socialize with them and introduce themselves. Sponsorship which provides mutual commercial benefits both for sponsors and sponsored organizations is held in the areas of sport, culture, arts, social, adventure, trip, programme and events. In recent years, companies which operate in the oil sector often attract attention with their sponsorship activities by having media coverage. However there are few scientific studies about their sponsorship activities. Therefore it is important to examine the characteristics of the oil companies’ sponsorship activities. For this aim, sponsorship activities of oil companies in the last four years were analyzed by content analysis method by using their web pages and web-based information obtained from Google search engine. Results of the study indicate that international companies made more sponsorship activities than local companies. Results also indicate that maximum number of sponsorship activities were done in sport area and the number of sponsorship activities increased over the years. Keywords: Sponsorship, Sponsorship activities, Fuel companies, Public relations, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5182 Ruyaların Seramik Yuzeylere Aktarımı Duygu Kahraman Assistant Professor Anadolu University, Faculty Of Fine Arts, Yunusemre Campuss, Tepebasi Eskisehir Turkey Rüya, uykunun genel ve karakteristik özelliklerinden biri olup, uykunun hızlı göz hareketi REM adlı evreleriyle yakından ilişkili bulunan, görsel ve işitsel algı ve duygulardır. Rüya konusu sanatı, sanatçıyı ve bir çok akımı derinden etkilemiştir. Sanatçılar, bilinçaltında yatan olayları, nesneleri ve durumları resmetmiş, kağıda dökmüş ya da kendi kişisel serüveninden yola çıkıp üç boyutlu formlara taşımıştır. Herkes rüya görür. Ama uyanıldığında sadece rüyanın bir kısmı ya da bazı insanlar tarafından tamamı hatırlanır. Hatırlayanların çok azı gördüklerini anlatır, kağıda dökenlerse daha azdır. Rüya’nın sanata yansıması, kuşkusuz yüzyıllardan beri süregelmiştir. Bu kavram, yaşamla neredeyse eş anlamlıdır. Uzun süredir birçok araştırmacı “Sürrealizm rüyayla yapılır” görüşüne yanıt aramaya çalışmıştır. 20. yüzyılda Freud’un Psikanalizi, sanatsal yaratıda bilinçaltının da etkisi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu yöntem sanatçının ruhsal dürtülerini başıboş bırakmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada sanatta bilinçaltının, rüyalar yoluyla, seramik yüzeylere nasıl aktarıldığı örnekler ile birlikte sunulacaktır. Keywords: Rüya, seramik, sanat, dekor, yüzey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5183 A Structural Equation Modeling About Life Satisfaction Nuran Bayram, Mine Aydemir Uludag University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 16059 Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey The objective of this study is to examine the relations of the life satisfaction, spontaneous decision making, fear of negative evaluation and stress among a group of university students. The study group consists of 500 participants who are students of public university. Our study was based on voluntary participation. 51% of participants were male students and 66% of participants have the economic status as moderate. We used Structural Equation Modeling for the data analysis. The results were X2/df=1.839; GFI=0.90; CFI=0.94; RMSEA=0.04; SRMR=0.05. The goodness of fit provided evidence that the hypothesized model was stable. All estimated path coefficients were significant. We found that the fear of negative evaluation and the spontaneous decision making have a positive impact on the stress and the stress has negative impact on the life satisfaction. The fear of negative evaluation and the spontaneous decision making explained %17 of the variation in the stress. The stress plays a mediating role for fear of negative evaluation and spontaneous decision making style on the life satisfaction. Keywords: Structural Equation Modeling, Satisfaction with Life, Decision Making Style, Fear of Negative Evaluation, Stress X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5184 TEACHERS’ REMINISCENCES: PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ MEMORIES OF THEIR TEACHERS Nihan Koran, Neslihan Avcı Department of Preschool Eduation,Cyprus International University, North Cyprus The purpose of this research was to analyze childhood memories of their own teachers, by 3rd year undergraduate students, who were prospective teachers in the Department of Early Childhood Education at a university in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, in the 2014-2015 academic year. In this context, answers were sought to questions relating to the content of the prospective teachers’ memories and how these recollections of their teachers’ affected the prospective teachers. This is a qualitative research study, using narrative analysis. The working group for the research comprised 33 volunteer prospective teachers, who were 3rd year undergraduate students from the Department of Early Childhood Education, during the 2014-2015 academic year When closed-ended questions were asked of the prospective teachers they generally replied with memories from when they were 6 to 13 years of age and with recollections of their primary school teachers. When replies to the open-ended questions were analyzed it was found that there were more negative memories than positive ones and it was established that these negative recollections were generally an indicator of emotional and physical abuse. It is understood that these recollections could include instances of emotional abuse, discrimination , refusing to consider children as individuals, insulting behavior and allowing other students to witness acts of violence. Punishments, slapping, beating, throwing chalk, being forced to do something against their will, were evaluated as instances of the physical abuse recalled by the prospective teachers. The prospective teachers considered these negative memories to include outcomes, such as losing their confidence and initiative, having negative feelings towards their teachers, feeling worthless, having negative attitudes towards teachers, and being alienated from school. The prospective teachers recalled fewer positive memories than negative ones. Positive attitudes included, giving gifts to the students, treating them with compassion and kindness, giving them responsibility and maintaining contact with the children. The prospective teachers indicated that positive effects, such as having fond memories of a teacher and continuing to visit their teacher, led them to feel more confident and increased self-belief in their own success. Keywords: prospective teachers, teacher behaviour, memories X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5185 The Effect of The Decision Making Style on Faith in Intuition Mine Aydemir, Neşe Aral Uludag University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 16059 Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey In this study we discussed the factors that affect the faith in intuition of university students. For this purpose, we analyzed the relationship between faith in intuition and decision making styles (rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous). These styles were expected to be accompanied by faith in intuition. We explored a multiple regression model which explains these relationships. 330 students, who were studying at public university, participated in the study. The study participants, approximately 56% were female and 19% were last year students. A descriptive, self-reported questionnaire study was administered to the participants. According to the empirical results, correlations between faith in intuition and intuitive style were statistically significant (r = 0.53, p< 0.05). The avoidant style was related to faith in intuition as predicted (β=-0.113; p<0.05). And also, both the spontaneous style (β=0.142; p<0.05) and intuitive style (β=0.484; p<0.05) was associated with faith in intuition. We have found that thirty percent of the variation in the faith in intuition could be explained by the explanatory variables that rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous styles (R2=0.30; p<0.05). Keywords: Decision Making Style, Faith in Intuition, Multiple Regression Analysis X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5186 The Effect of Personality on Moral Behavior Neşe Aral, Nuran Bayram Uludag University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 16059 Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey The aim of this study is to demonstrate whether the personality characteristics and emotional states are effective in terms of students’ moral behaviors. Participation was voluntary. Participants filled out questionnaires anonymously. There were 463 students in our study group and 65.2% of them were female. Their ages were between 18-24 with a mean age of 20.35±1.35 years. Correlation analysis and hierarchic regression were performed. According to correlation analysis, moral attitude was more strongly related to agreeableness (r = 0.59; P <.001) and openness to experience (r = 0.46; P <.001) for personality characteristic. 44% of Moral Behavior could be explained by personality characteristics and emotional state with hierarchical regression model. According to model, in explaining students’ moral behavior was found to be statistically significant conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience the personality traits as well as depression variable. Keywords: Moral Behavior, Personality Characteristics, Anxiety, Depression X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5188 The Longitudinal Investigation Of The Relationships Between Audit Report Lag And Business Strategy Elif Yucel, Mehlika Saraç, Yasemin Ertan Accounting and Finance, Uludag University, Turkey The timeliness of information release can affect the level of uncertainty associated with decisions based on the reported information; thus, the timeliness of financial statements is considerably important. Audit report lag (ARL) can be defined as the period between a company’s financial year end and the audit report date and is influenced by a number of factors. Most of the recent literature has focused on the antecedent factors affecting ARL. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of business strategy on ARL in longitudinal research and, in this way, to enhance our understanding of the factors of ARL. Because of the characteristics of different strategy types, it is expected that auditing processes will be different for different strategy types. For this purpose primarily cluster analysis is used to determine strategy types, and panel data analysis is used to test the hypothesis. The findings of prior studies related to ARL antecedence, such as the size, leverage, liquidity, profitability of companies, number of subsidiaries and reportable segments, auditor opinion, auditor type, auditor change, corporate governance index and industry of the company, are also included in the analysis of this study as control variables. Keywords: Timeliness, Audit Report Lag, Business Strategy, Panel Data Analysis, Clustering Analysis X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5189 Perception of İslam in Europe After Terrorist Attacks: From 9 /11 2001 to 22 /3 2016 Erhan Akdemir Assistant Professor Anadolu Üniversitesi Yunus Emre Kampüsü İktisat Fakültesi Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Tepebaşı - Eskişehir European identity was formulated by developing relations with other communities in the historical process and varying values. In this historical process the main factor of European identity was an Islam, but confrontation of religions was always dangerous. In this context does religion an actually belief of conscience or is it still a main factor to define “other” in Europe?, After starting 11 September 2001 and still ongoing discussion of the clash of civilizations such as the phenomenon in today's environment, the existence of Muslim and European identity should not be missed is a historic opportunity. At this stage Turkey and Turks examination of Europe especially for Western side becomes a big important. If this examination is passed successfully, new beginning for humanity will be possible; different civilizations conflicted and had an interaction, they will complete lacks of each other then tend towards to new approach. At this moment European Union is a unique platform for assembling two different cultures, if Christianity and Muslim are combined in a same community with tolerance, common life with different aims and values which are fixed with multicultural concepts, this will be positive impact on all around the world not only Europe. Keywords: Othering, Europe and Islam, Terror Attack, Islamophobia X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5190 A Study on Cultural, Historical and Social Continuity for Urban Corridors: Trabzon Pattern Elif Merve ALPAK, Doruk Görkem ÖZKAN, Abdullah ÇİĞDEM Department of Landscape Architecture, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey Historical and cultural textures of cities, social, economic, political, etc. structures changing in the process of urban development create an urban identity. Nowadays the negative effects of unplanned-developing urbanization result in the loss of cultural identity and continuity. Within this scope, the importance of urban corridors came to light for regenerating the cultural identity and continuity of urban areas. The area between the urban square within the territory of Trabzon and the areas around Ortahisar was selected as the research area. First of all, the open and green areas of this region were evaluated so as to constitute a cultural, historical and social corridor, and it was aimed to enable Trabzon to gain these features appropriate for today’s urban sense. In accordance with these aims, two routes between the areas selected as the research area were shown on the map and introduced to 62 subjects. Using the technique of visitor employed photography in the research, each visitor was given a camera and asked to photograph the places that took their attentions from cultural, historical and social aspects and where they spent most of their time on the route. Therefore, it was defined which one of these two routes would be evaluated and developed as an urban corridor in terms of historical, cultural and social aspects. Thereafter, the findings obtained by subjects on the route on which the urban corridor was planned to be constituted, were charted on the map. Finally, an urban corridor solution was revealed for a more perceptible, preferable and functional understanding, by doing a planning on the map in order to put forward historical, cultural and social areas that were important to the city but not perceived by the visitors. Keywords: Urban Corridor, Visitor Employed Photography, Historical - Cultural - Social Continuity X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5191 A STUDY ON USE OF RELIGIOUS AND TRADITIONAL COMPONENTS IN GERMAN AND TURKISH ADVERTISING COPIES AYHAN SELCUK Professor Department of Journalism, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey The most significant component shaping the communicative behaviours, eating and drinking, clothing and consuming habits of societies/individuals is the culture in which they live and the system of values feeding the culture. Advertisements which become an indispensable part of daily life and which are important communication and marketing instruments between producers and consumers are like mirrors that reflect the society which it has arisen from or refer to the values of that society. Also defined as a cultural text due to this characteristics, advertisements use the language, images, values and myths of the target group. In this context, using religion which is one of the basic components of culture and traditional components, either directly or associatively, is seen as the most commonly applied method in the promotion and marketing of products. Such advertisements, especially broadcast during the aid of Ramadan in Turkey and other Islamic countries, are seen to appeal to consumers at all times as independent of special days, as well as they exist on special days, such as New Year’s Eve, Thanksgiving and Easter Days in Western countries. In this study, how religious and traditional cultural components are used, what types of signs are benefitted, how the meaning is formed, and how produced messages are communicated in German and Turkish advertising texts which are chosen as sampling will be investigated. In the study ,where verbal and audio-visual signs will be assessed, how much the approaches such as “advertisements aim at selling not only products, but also social values and ideals” correspond to reality within context of advertisements studied is among the subjects to be discussed. Keywords: German and turkish advertisements, habits of consumption, religious and traditional components X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5192 Reading the Everyday Life Through the Newspapers Filiz Yildiz, Meltem Sahin Communication Department, Erciyes Universty, Kayseri, Turkey Economical and political changes, with effects of neo-liberal-policies, in Turkey in the 1980s, reflected to everyday life. Due to the policies, executed during this era, those who grasped opportunities got richer, and the idea of ‘striking rich’ got more popular. Policies, such as ‘expansion of economics’, ‘advocacy of private enterprise’, and ‘deregulation’, reflected on the society, and caused cultural breakages, not comparable to the previous periods. The phenomenons, which set the mood of period, were: borders of privacy expanding, sexuality taking center stage and glorified elitist manners swapping for entertainments oriented pleasures and lifestyles, defined as low culture. Daily life is the main area on which social changes reflected. The marks of daily life that consists of cuisine culture, free time activities, fashion, and idea of entertainment will be examined through newspapers. The 1980s wasn’t only made scene for monopolization and conglomeration of the media ownership, but also crated a way of journalism, consonant with cultural structure of that era. The copies between 1st of June and July in 1985 of Sabah, Gunaydin and Milliyet will be scrutinized in this study because Milliyet and Gunaydin, positioned in the center with high circulation and were mainstream newspaper with different type of ownership; Sabah, first published on 22nd of April 1985, was a significant example of tabloid journalism and the summer time reflects the entertainment culture and the life styles belongs it at that period. Keywords: 1980s, Everyday Life, Entertainment Culture X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5193 Study Of Primary Shool Students’ Level Of Understanding The Entry-Level History Concepts Concerning 4th Grade Social Studies Course Accordı̇ Ng To Dı̇ Fferent Varı̇ Ables Nihat KARAER, Gülşen ALTINTAŞ Department of Primary Education, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur The vision of the Social Studies Program is to educate the Turkish citizens of 21st century as modern, approving Ataturk's principles and reforms, comprehendingTurkish history and culture, equipped with basic democratic values and respectful for human rights, sensitive to environment, giving meaning to knowledge according to their experience and constructing, using and arranging knowledge in social and cultural context (thinkig critically, creative, taking right decision), having improved social participation skills, using the social scientists’ methods of producing scientific knowledge, active in social life, productive, knowing their rights and responsibilities. (Meb, 2014). For teaching Social Studies, learning the concepts is important for students in terms of distinguishing true from false, facilitating rememberance, solving problem and developing judgment skills. For constructing knowledge; in addition to students’ natural, socio-cultural environment, keeping their readiness high can support meaningful learning positively in terms of concepts which will be learned. Researches have explained that according to the children learning knowledge without comprehending, children comprehending knowledge have constructed knowledge in strong hierarchical structures, have had profound knowledge of concepts and set the knowledge in long-term memory (Altıntaş& Altıntaş,2008). Therefore, the concepts will be learned by the students are important. It is important that presenting the concepts students encounter first with concrete examples from real life. The aim of this reseach The concept of the student's first encounter with it is important to present concrete examples of where in life. The aim of this research is to investigate primary shool students’ level of understanding the entry-level history concepts concerning 4th grade Social Studies Course accordı̇ ng to dı̇ fferent varı̇ ables. In this reseach, the entry-level six history concepts concerning 4th grade Social Studies Course have been chosen and the students are asked for describing these concepts and giving examples fort them. Accarding to sample selection for maximum diversity, 31 students of four different primary schools from the upper, middle and lower socio-economic level located in Demirci town of Manisa city have been involved in the reseach. Students' answers and examples for the concepts have been categorized within and analyzed in terms of gender, reading, using a computer, watching television, his favorite lesson, loving school and loving social studies course or not. Keywords: Social Studies, Concept, Date, Entry-Level, Attitude X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5194 The Metaphors Developed Bye Students For The Concepts In “'I Learn My Past' Unıt Of Social Studies Osman YILMAZ, Gülşen ALTINTAŞ Primary School Teaching Department, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur In this research, the metaphors developed bye 4th grade primary school students for the concepts in“I learn my past” unıt is development level of Social Science course were examined. Working group consists of 4th grade 55 students in Cumhuriyet Primary School. Students were taught to develop metaphors in the teaching process . The students were asked for developing metaphors seventy one concepts by completing the sentences such as; "Family, Kinship, Republic, Clothes," concepts "................ like; because ......... ..... ". Metaphors were categorised and analyzed according to the classification . In the study, content analysis technique was used and the data were analyzed with quantitative method. The metaphors, the students developed for the concepts, were analyzed and interpreted considering their gender. Keywords: Social Studies, Metaphor, Concepts, Metaphoric Thinking. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5195 Job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the media personnel: Example of the province of Kayseri Ahmet Biçer, Mustafa Koçer Faculty of Communication, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey In this study, it is aimed to determine the job satisfaction and organizational commitment levels of the media personnel, operating in Kayseri according to their demographical characteristics. At the same time, the issues such as whether there is a significant relationship between the job satisfaction and organizational commitment and to what extent the organizational commitment explains the job satisfaction will be investigated in this study. In line with these purposes, the short form of organizational commitment scale developed by Meyer and Allen and Minnesota job satisfaction scale developed by Weis et al., will be adapted to the media field. The questionnaire planned to be formed will be conducted on media personnel and then the data obtained will be examined through the analyses such as t-test and regression. Keywords: Media enterprises, media personnel, organizational commitment, job satisfaction X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5196 Corporate Anorexia In Economic Crisis: Evidence From Turkey Mehlika Saraç, Elif Yücel Business Administration , Uludag University, Turkey 2008 Global Financial Crisis which is considered the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s also has affected organizations in Turkey mostly in 2008 and 2009 and has created strong situations for companies to thrive. Most of the organizations take a lean stance and try to compete effectively on a low cost basis during crisis time. It is argued that cost cutting strategies like downsizing be necessary to accomplish immediate performance improvements, they may be not sufficient for long term success. In last global crisis, recent surveys indicated that 79 percent of all companies have cut costs in response to the global economic crisis but only 53 percent of executives think that doing so has helped their organizations weather it. Corporate Anorexia as a managerial metaphor, described organizations that engage in excessive cost cutting measures such as extreme downsizing and it is regarded as organizationally dysfunctional, obsessive behavior. It is assumed that organizations are more likely to show anorexic behavior during crisis time. Thus the aim of this study is to investigate the anorexic behavior of organizations before (2006-2007) during (2008-2009) and after the crisis 2010-2014) and found out the effect of anorexic behavior on organizational performance. To determine extreme cost cutting of organizations; marketing and R&D expenses and number of employees will be collected from the financial statements of organizations listed on Borsa İstanbul for each year between 2006 and 2014. Results will be assessed for each industry separately. Keywords: Corporate Anorexia , cost cutting, downsizing, financial crisis X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5197 KÜRESELLEŞME ve GELİR DAĞILIMI İLİŞKİSİ: KUZNETS EĞRİSİ BAĞLAMINDA GÜNEY KORE ÖRNEKLEMİNDE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ Buhari Dogan, Muhlis CAN Iktisat bölümü,süleyman demirel üniversitesi,Isparta,Türkiye Gelir dağılımı bir çok ülkenin ajandasında önemli ekonomik problemler arasında yer almaktadır. Gelir dağılımını etkileyen bir çok parametrenin olduğu açıktır. Bu çalışmada küreselleşmenin gelir dağılımına etkisi Kuznets Eğrisi bağlamında Güney Kore örnekleminde incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsam olarak 1970-2010 yıllarını içermektedir. Serilere ait eş bütünleşme testi çoklu yapısal kırılmayı göz önünde bulunduran Maki (2012) yaklaşımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Eş bütünleşme testi sonucunda serilerin uzun dönemde birlikte hareket ettiği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Uzun ve kısa dönem analizi için Dinamik En Küçük Kareler (DOLS) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Uzun dönem analizi sonucunda küreselleşmenin gelir dağılımını eşitsizliğini ilk önce düşürdüğü, sonrasında ise arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Kısa dönem analizinde ise hata düzeltme terimin negatif ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Keywords: Globalization, Income Distribution, South Korea X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5198 Information Society Policies of European Union and Adaptation of Turkey Vedat ÇAKIR, Vesile ÇAKIR Radio Television and Cinema, Uşak University, Turkey Information and Communication Technologies which have been improved since the beginning of the 1980s, have interested particularly and changed every field of community life (economically, socially, culturally, etc.). In essence, ‘’Information Society’’ refers communities in which information is used as a production factor along with capital, man power and pecuniarty resource. Primary source in information society is information; the factor which provides improvement of Information Society is Information Technologies. In this context, European Union both focuses on the aim of regulating deteriorative financial structure and communication technologies which evoke its importance every passing day and benefits which these technologies may provide. Chronologically, E-Europe Action Plan (1999) and EU Lisbon Strategy (2000), E-Europe 2005 (2002) and A European Information Society for Growth and Employment i2010 initiatives are the results of these attempts. In 2010, as a continuation of all these attempts European Union internalised ‘’Europe 2020’’ that can be summarized under the title of wise, sustainable and circular growing by determining a new road map. One of the basic initiatives of aforesaid new road map is Digital Agenda for Europe which Europe collects the activities of making of information society. As for Turkey, policies of Turkey on Information Society is oriented to integration of European Union policies like other fields. In this study; firstly, policies on Information Society of European Union and aims of these policies are mentioned. Policies of Turkey ,which some legislations have made on the way of full membership to European Union, are evaluated by considering of progress report of European Commision. According to progress report of European Commision, though some improvements on adaptation to policies of European Union Information Society have been recorded but total harmony can not be subject. Keywords: Information Society, European Union, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5199 Determination of concumer behavior in online shopping in the framework ov technology acceptance model Imran Aslan Associate Professor Selcuk universitesi iletisim fakultesi kampus konya turkiye The expansion of commercially use of the internet due to the facilitation in all areas of our lives has changed the usual idea of shopping. Consumers can easily buy the products they want by entering the shopping site without any limit of time and space. This means that consumers and producers meet without agents; and consumers reach the services and products at lower costs without being tired. Although the history of internet shopping is new in Turkey, the number of internet shoppers has reached to 10 million. This corresponds to %28 of internet users. In this paper, consumers' reasons for purchasing from shopping sites have been examined in the framework of technology acceptance model. The factors affecting online shopping are being tried to put forth through this model. There are people who are against internet shopping as well as those who are for. Identifying their grounds too in this study is also significant for the market to develop. A survey will be applied in accordance with the purposes of the study; the data obtained will be evaluated in SPSS Keywords: Online shopping, technology acceptance model, consumer behavior X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5200 The Role of Celebrity Spokesperson in Advertising Effectiveness: An Empirical Study Based on Match-up Hypothesis and Self-Image Congruity Vesile ÇAKIR, Vedat ÇAKIR Public Relations and Advertising, Usak University, Turkey Match-up Hypothesis and Self-Image Congruity are two theories frequently used in explaining the advertising effectiveness. Match-up Hypothesis, focuses on the match of ad presenter image (often the celebrity ad spokesperson) with the product characteristics. Self Image Congruity Theory, focuses on the role of the agreement between product image and consumer's self-image in advertising effectiveness and consumer behavior. Both theories, constitutes the theoretical basis of this study. Because this empirical study, focuses on the role of the agreement between celebrity ad spokesperson / consumer self-image in advertising effectiveness. Therefore, a half experimental study is designed in which humorous, attractive and professional celebrities starring in TV ads are shown to subjects. After ad exposure, datas are collected through a questionnaire that was developed to determine the self-image congruity. Before the analysis carried out, in accordance with SPSS on computer, the congruity of celebrities’ (professional, humorous and attractive) selfimage perception with audiences’ actual and ideal self image is explored. The answer of following question is sought ; What type of celebrity ad spokesperson has a larger actual or ideal self image congruity on audiences? Then it is explored that whether the celebrity spokesperson/audience self-image congruity has an affect in advertising and brand’s success and provide contribution to purchase intent. In this research, it is indirectly tried to determine which celebrity type(humorous, attractive, professional) is more successful in providing the mentioned advertisement effects . Keywords: Self- Image Congruity Theory, Match-Up Hypothesis, Celebrity Advertising Spokesperson, Advertising Effectiveness. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5201 Analysis of Violence in Health News: Hurriyet, Zaman and Posta newspapers Case Ozlem Dugan Assistant Professor Ankara İzmir Yolu 8.Km 1.Eylül Kampüsü, Uşak/Merkez/Turkey Health is a state of someone’s physical and mental well-being. Health is essential to have a regular life for a person. Unhealthy person can’t do the work in the community, family, and at the workplace. Within that period, the person has to go to a hospital or another healthcare organization. This unhealthy person wishes sensibility from health care personnels and expects workings to clear up the problems about the health. Because of some reasons, the organizations or the health care personnels don’t satisfy the expectations or satisfy them late may cause stress increase of the person. In this case stress may turn into violence. Because of entity of violence in communal living, mass media publish the violence in health inevitably. For this reason, it is very important how positive development and adverse events in the field of health appear on media. The study, written press (Hurriyet, Zaman and Posta newspaper) are formed on an analysis of violence in health news. The extent of the study was determined with the years 2011-2012-2013. To evaluate the news during these years, a coding scale was formed. All achieved news were evaluated with content analysis method using SPSS 15.00 and the findings were commented. As a result, ethics in news reporting and the preparation of the health of violence by considering social responsibility rules, damaging the image of the way in which health care workers reporting and publication of the photos was determined to carry the traces of violence. Keywords: Press, news, health workers, health violence. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5203 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, DIFFERENT NEWS: CHANGING “IDEOLOGYBUILDING STRATEGIES” AND “WAYS OF EXPRESSION” METE KAZAZ, BIROL GULNAR Department of Radio Television and Cinema, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey Television news not only reports an event and provides information about it but also has become a product that is prepared after going through certain stages of a production process. An attempt was made to identify the “Ideology Building Strategies”, which is an important part of this construct and diverts news contents from objectivity, and “Way of Expression and Style”, which emerges as a result of it, in connection with two different events, which were the subject matters of this study. In this framework, to represent Turkish televisions, TRT 1, ATV, FOX TV and NTV were chosen and CNN and BBC channels were chosen to represent the world televisions. The news programs broadcast on those channels between January 7th and 14th 2015 covering “Charlie Hebdo” and the news programs covering the “3 Muslim Youths Murdered in the USA” broadcast between February 11th and 19th 2015 were investigated used the content analysis method in terms of “Ideology Building Strategies” and “Way of Expression and Style”. The study shows that ideology building strategies significantly differentiate according to case and channels. So that BBC and CNN TV Channels do not present “Charlie Hebdo” news strategy of legitimation while they more prefer styles of unification and decomposition. Additionally domestic channels frequently use legitimation and decomposition ideology building strategies. Differently from “Charlie Hebdo” news, analysis also exhibit that CNN and BBC channels frequently use legitimation and unification strategies on “3 Muslim Youths Murdered in the USA”. On the other hand domestic channels frequently used unification and decomposition strategies. Keywords: Television news, Legitimation, Unification, Decomposition X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5206 School-Based Nutrition Promotion: Nutrition Friendly School Program in Turkey Nazan Aktas Associate Professor Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Konya, TURKEY There has been a remarkable increase in the number of school-based intervention for promoting and maintaining healthy dietary habits in Turkey. School based nutrition interventions are considered as one of the crucial steps to be made to bring up healthy generations in future. The aim of this study is to describe Nutrition Friendly School Program (NFSP) in Turkey. NFSP have been conducted by The Ministry of Health in cooperation with The Ministry of National Education regarding the school-based health and nutrition promotion. Within the scope of preventive health services, The Ministry of Health put NFSP into effect in the beginning of 2010 in order to encourage healthy nutrition and active lifestyle, increase awareness, support good practices and improve school health as part of the program. NFSP involves the supervision of schools on the basis of "Nutrition Friendly Schools Audit Form”, which is composed of 34 items in four dimensions. According to the data released by The Ministry of Health, 393 schools in 2012, 326 schools in 2013, 481 schools in 2014, 413 schools in 2015 were found eligible to be included in Nutrition Friendly School in Turkey. Considering the number of the schools certificated during the period, it can be concluded that the program has been successful. Offering certificate which meet the requirements is considered to be effective in increasing the motivation of schools. It is very important to enhancement the cooperation between institutions in the relevant program to obtain effective use of sources, and to enable coordination and dissemination. Keywords: Nutrition promotion, School based, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5207 ANALYSIS of HATE SPEECH(ES) TOWARD LGBTT INDIVIDUALS WIHNIN THE CONTEXT of GENDER IN MEDIA IN TURKEY TUBA LİVBERBER PhD Student Department of Journalism, Selcuk University Communication Faculty, Konya, Turkey This study titled and Analysis of Hate Speech(es) toward LGBTT individuals within the Context of Gender in Media in Turkey deals with the hate speech phenomenon in depth and it examinate how hate speech(es) are produce toward LGBTT individuals in media. In this context, it focuses on the news that national newspapers published in 2013 and that included hate speech(es) toward LGBTT individuals. Before starting to analysis of hate speech(es), in the context of this study, required informations to identify and to find out the hate speech that is a large phenomenon and occurs in every field of life have been give, the identities of LGBTT individuals that are consideredas sexual minorities have been explaine in the context of gender and it has been focuse on possible reasons of hate speech based on sexual orientation. In the research, it has been looke for the answer of the question as “How media build hate speech(es) toward LGBTT individuals?”. News placed in national newspapers that contained hate speech(es) toward LGBTT individuals were analyse by using discourse analysis method. Results obtained showed that speech(es) of newspapers were built similarly. Keywords: Hate Speech, Media, News, LGBTT Individuals, Sexual Orientation, Discourse Analysis X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5208 Speech Acts by Parents and School Children in a Local Turkish Culture Context: A Pedagogical Implication for Teachers Turgay HAN, Gencer ELKILIC, Nilufer AYBIRDI Department of English Language and Literature, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey Sociolinguistic studies indicate social factors, linguistic relations and social changes. Today, most of the studies on speech acts have focused on gender, styles, slang uses and standard and dialectic uses. However, in Turkish context, a limited number of studies have examined the social semantic changes related to context and meaning. In this study, a corpus has been formed by examining frequently used refusal and compliment speech acts that are used in communication with babies and children in Kars region and that change according to the purpose or to the listener. Data of the study were obtained from face-to-face interviews and a discourse completion test (consisting of 24 items) that was applied to 130 parents who have a child that attends either primary or secondary school and who live in the villages where local authentic culture is intense. A discourse analysis was made in accordance with the data obtained from the test and factors such as proximity in communication, distance, gender and politeness were investigated. It is anticipated that this study might be a guide for the teacher-parent-student orientation for kindergarten and primary school teachers that will serve in the region. The recognition of the styles used in the communication among mother-father-child/infant in Kars region might eliminate prejudices and misunderstandings. Thus, findings of the study may allow kindergarten and primary school teachers form real meanings in their parent-student-teacher perception styles. Furthermore, as this article focuses on communication techniques/styles that parents living with regional culture direct to their children according to age, gender, behaviour and the context of interaction, teachers can facilitate from the discourse analysis detailed here to refine their interactions with students and to improve communication with them. Keywords: Speech acts, Refusals, Compliments, Local Cultre, Teacher Training X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5209 The Usage Of The Game Theory In The Context Of Public Diplomacy: Russia Turkey Crisis Hanife Guz, Hulya Demir Yaleze Professor, Arş.Gor. Gazi University Faculty of Communication 8. Street 81. Sok. No: 2 06490 Emek / Ankara /TURKEY In a globalizing world, the change and conversion together with the existing actors, events and the time period carry the discussion of soft power, hard power and smart power. It is remarkable that a new and active power field called public diplomacy replaced public guidance, persuading, and supporting military power and skills. In case of many crises between countries, it is indispensible to shape the minds of the public through the support of strategic communication process. This article aims to analyze the game theory which is directing the process of strategic and target oriented steps in the context of public diplomacy by giving the example of Russia and Turkey plane crisis. In the article, how game theory is used through strategic, smart and formal ways is argued and how the sides used these strategies step by step together with the games that are played are analyzed. Firstly, the importance of the game theory will be foregrounded and then Turkey and Russia crisis will be analyzed in the light of their moves and strategies step by step. In this context, how the comperative games which symbolize directing conflict startegies are played within rational choice theory frame will be explained. Keywords: Public Diplomacy, Crisis Management, Game Theory, , Rational ChoiceTheory, Turkey-Russia Plane Crisis X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5210 A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CORPORATE IMAGE RELATION Omer Faruk Kocak, Ömer Faruk Koçak, Mustafa Akdağ PhD Student, Res. Asst., Prof. Dr. Erciyes Üniversitesi, İletişim Fakültesi, Kayseri, Türkiye Corporate social responsibility projects, which attract attention as a corporate communication component that is shown great care in order to support and strengthen mutual communication, understanding and trust feeling with target audience, contain one of the important trivets of this structure, while being approved by the society due to keeping social benefit at front. These activities, which have important place within corporate image establishment elements, are currently adapted and realized by many small or big sized corporations In this study, the aim is to examine how Erciyes University Communication Faculty students evaluate the corporate social responsibility levels of Coca Cola, which is a profit-oriented global corporation, and UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund), which is a non-governmental organization operating at international level, that are realized in Turkey; to discuss awareness levels of conducted activities and to what extend they are appreciated by the community; to measure the reflection of social responsibility activities on corporate image of both corporations in a comparative approach. As a result, the statements given related to social responsibility of UNICEF are appreciated more positively compared to Coca Cola and social responsibility activities of UNICEF are reflected more positively on the corporate image. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Image, Coca Cola, UNICEF, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5211 Problems and Solutions Towards Structure of the Labour Courts in Turkey Fatih Gultekin, Ozge Gizem Yasa Uludag University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences Department of Labour Economics & Industrial Relations Post Code: 16059 Gorukle Campus-Nilufer, Bursa / Turkey Labour courts are specialized courts that the settlement of individual, collective and social security disputes between workers, employers and the government. Until 1971, labour courts in Turkey consisted of representatives of employers and workers, two lay judges, and one professional judge who had obtained a university degree in law and had passed the judicature exam and had completed court practice. Today, the labour courts are composed of one professional judge. In the Turkish judicial system, professional judges are appointed to different specialized courts and this constitutes an obstacle to specialization. Labour courts in Germany and France consist of the participation of lay judges. In Germany, a professional labour judge would begin his career as a labour judge and during all of his judicial business life he would work as a labour judge. The vast majority of labour disputes are resolved in mediation in Germany and France but mediation in labour disputes is not applied successfully in Turkey. In Germany also is found a specialized Supreme Federal Labour Court to appeal labour disputes. The study focuses on three proposals. The first proposal with constitutional amendments (which will not harm and guarantee the independence of professional judges and the courts) lay judges should be included again in the labour courts. The second proposal is labour judges should be an expert in labour law. If they start their careers as a labour judge until retirement they must work in same profession. The last proposal is that labour courts should be organized separately and should have special Supreme Labour Court. Keywords: Labour courts, labour law, Turkey, labour judge, judgement X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5212 The Approach to Global Security Problems in Schools’ Emergency Plans Emine Sarı, Deniz Koçoğlu Department of Public Health Nursing, Selcuk University Health Science Faculty,Turkey Schools are commonly seen as safe environments where millions of children continue the socialization that begins in their family environment. However, situations such as natural disasters, rising violence in schools, terrorist attacks and flu epidemics negatively affect school safety, which shows that it is imperative for schools to be prepared for these dangers (COSH 2008). It is a prerequisite for the maintenance of educational activities in schools that school security be provided and that students feel safe (Pişkin etal., 2011). Students are not experienced with emergency procedures and may be hard to direct in these situations. If there are not sufficient emergency training programs for students, school administrations, and the school building is not prepared, injuries and damage may be worse than expected (DSE-Assam, 2011). Current global terrorist attacks are another reason to develop safety awareness in children and design emergency plans for schools. In the U.S., schools are provided with the specifics about what to do in case of a bomb alert, yet this is not a topic of agenda in many countries. This presentation was prepared to take note this issue and present an applicable model for school emergency planning. As in all plans for extraordinary dangers, these plans for the danger of terror or bombing should include: determining risks and, if possible, preventing them, applying first aid and evacuation procedures, building effective communication with authorities, and determining and making the necessary steps for the school to resume its regular operation as soon as possible (Özmen etal., 2015). Keywords: School health, Global security, Emergency Plans X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5213 Transformation of Television Broadcasting in Turkey: Analysis on Broadcasts Between 1995-2015 According to Programme Types Vahit Ilhan, Burak Unlu Communication Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey Having a substantial part of our daily lives, television maintains its place and importance among other means of communication. Hosting a total of 246 terrestrial channels with 25 national, 16 regional and 205 local ones, television broadcasting in Turkey was launched in 1968 and maintained under the hegemony of TRT until 1990. Since then, this hegemony was demolished as private channels were established one by one thus forming a mixed television broadcasting market. This can be described as the most important milestone in the history of television broadcasting in Turkey given the content of television programmes was substantially changed. The emergence of theme-channels and digital platforms within the historical process were also important breaking points in terms of television broadcasting. In this sense, the study aims to reveal the course of television broadcasting in Turkey for the last 20 years providing answers to some questions like what kinds of programmes are viewed, what kind of programmes are fore grounded and creating a detailed picture of the changes in the broadcasting approach of television channels. In this study, the television broadcasts of TRT 1, Kanal D, Star TV, Show TV and ATV in 9 different periods between 1995-2015 will be compared with each other according to the types of programmes they broadcast more, along with evaluations on the reasons for the changes observed in different periods. In conclusion, a comprehensive chart of broadcasting will be formed regarding the broadcasting in Turkey. Keywords: Turkey, Television, Programme Flow, Programme Types X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5214 THE DISEASE PROPERTIES OF THE INDIVIDUALS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES LIVING IN RURAL AREAS Deniz Kocoglu, Sıdıka Gedik Department of Public Health Nursing, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey This study was executed in order to clarify the disease properties of the individuals have diabetes living in rural areas. It was determined that in first or second degree relatives of half of the patients with diabetes , there are diabetic patients , the rate of the patients are high which using oral antidiabetic in treatment, other Chronic diseases are found in most of the individuals , the most common chronic disease was hypertension . It was defined that , the rate of diabetes-related education areas is %65,7, the rate of the individuals which recognize themselves insufficient in management of diabetes is %63,9 , the average disease diagnosing year is 9,1±10,9 , the average number of doctor controls in a year is 3,5±2,5 . The things were determined that more than half of the individuals have information about the complications of diabetes , the most widely known complication is eye diseases, half of the individuals are living the complications of diabetes, the most common complications is hypertension ,the rate of the individuals applying to the hospitals cause of hyperglycemia is high . In their Metabolic features; it was seen that , the cholesterol values of half of the individuals are at abnormal levels and also the rates of the individuals have Fasting Blood Glucose (%49.0), HbA1c(%84,4), LDL(%60,2), HDL(%55,4), Triglyceride (%54,0) values on abnormal limits are high . It is seen that the disease properties of the individuals have diabetes living in rural areas are more negative than the urban area. Preparing the diabetes education program specific to rural areas for healthcare professionals and doing the monitoring and following –up of individuals have diabetes in rural areas more than urban areas are the facts suggested. Keywords: Rural area, diabet, patient X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5215 Discrimination in Working Life Against Mothers Meryem Tekin Epik, Selin Altay Labor Economics and Industrial Relations, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Discrimination is a kind of behavior that contains to be marginalized due to some characteristics such as age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, physical appearance, treating differently from the others, either limited way to benefit or deprieved from the opportunities available to others of a person or a group. The effectiveness of women in pre-industrial societies designated as home, as well as actual work for the woman has been recognized to do housework and taking care to child and husband. However, developments in postindustrial society in the industrial and services sectors, increasing urbanization, poverty, factors such as the changing judgments of society towards women's work has increased the participation of women in the labor force. Working women are facing more problems and engaged in discrimination compared to men such processes hiring, dismissals, working conditions, wage, promotion opportunities and performance evaluation. The problems that faced in working life are deepening with to be a mother and taking specific responsibilities of motherhood. Deprivation of the various career opportunities of woman due to a specific feature to gender such as being a mother or pregnant, to be employed with low wage levels and lower performance expectations, less preferred in recruitment compared to single and married men and single women are some examples of the discrimination against working mothers. First of all, for this purpose the concept of discrimination will be analyzed briefly and place in the general discrimination of discrimination that working mothers have suffered will be evaluated. Afterwards, forms of discrimination will be mentioned that faced by mothers in working life. Keywords: Working Mothers, Discrimination, Gender Discrimination X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5216 Public Relations Practices in Terms of İntercultural Communication: Example of Yunus Emre İnstitutes in Turkey – Bosnia and Herzegovina Relations Nilay Akgun Akan, Mustafa Akdag Department of Public Relation and Publicity, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey It is possible to get and send information to any part of the world anytime with information technologies, mass media and developments happening in systems. Thanks to easilyreached, accelerated and facilitated communication, cultures increase their relations and interactions with each other. The increase of the interaction between individuals coming from different countries, languages and races makes the concept of intercultural communication more important. It is possible for intercultural communication to be success by understanding the differences, being aware, developing sensitiveness to this condition. At this point, public relations get involved in intercultural communication process and play an instrumental role between two cultures through national and international public relations practices. This study explains the intercultural communication process and evaluates the public relations practices in terms of intercultural communication and the relations between Turkey and Bosnia Herzegovina through Yunus Emre Institutes example. Keywords: Intercultural Communication, Public Relations, Turkey, Bosnia Herzegovina, Yunus Emre Institutes X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5218 THE ANNEXATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND REPRESENTATION OF AUSTRIAN BOYCOTT ON HUMOR PRESS DURING II. CONSTITUTIONALIST PERIOD Mustafa Temel, Ebru Davulcu Erciyes Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Kayseri-Türkiye The colonial crisis between European countries becomes evident in Balkans at the end of 19th century. The annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is an important representation of this crisis. The Austro-Hungarian State annexed Bosnia, which they acquired with Berlin Agreement signed in 1878, with the power they gained from the negotiations with Russia on October 6. The announcement of II. Constitutionalist Period by Ottoman Empire and the worries regarding the new administration may take Bosnia and Herzegovina under their control were efficient in the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bulgaria declared its independence unilaterally one day before the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by benefiting from the turmoil in the country.The importance of press for informing the Ottoman Empire citizens about the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the declaration of independence by Bulgaria and the boycott towards Austria is undeniable. The boycott practice, which was announced to public through newspapers running under the structure of the Party of Union and Progress, found support through press and spread to Anatolia with this means. Meanwhile, humor press produced funny realities and used its power of protest and demolition and informed the people about the boycott. In this study, which has qualitative history research character, evaluations are made related with the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the declaration of independence by Bulgaria and boycott towards Austria through cartoons published on Dalkavuk, Davul, Kalem and Boşboğaz ile Güllabi, western-modern humor magazines of 1908. It is seen that these humor magazines supported boycott practice and voiced harsh criticism towards Bulgaria and Austro-Hungarian State. Keywords: Annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austrian boycott, Dalkavuk, Davul, Kalem and Boşboğaz ile Güllabi magazines. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5219 Changing technology and changing literacy: Wattpad Bunyamin Ayhan, Selahattin Çavuş Department of Juornalism, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey Writing, the common component in the provision of continuum and persistency of information, has given an opportunity for storing and reusing the information whenever needed. Writing has also contributed to the development of civilizations and formation of classes in societies. Literacy, especially belonging still to private fields and individuals at its initial phase, has given birth to a new literacy including ordinary people with an alphabet. Making ordinary people literate and informed ones later in all strata of life with the unification of alphabet and printing press, literacy has become a wanted phenomenon in societal settings also contributed by the state. Such a condition we can also describe as modern literacy has become the source of novel developments and formations with the contribution of instruments of media. So, literacy has been started to be seen as sine qua non of life along with its own medium and instruments. On the other hand, all types of changing technology have contributed to the field of literacy. Thanks to information and technological devices, literacy has transformed from paper-based to digital platforms, and with this process, a new developing field where traditional literacy and other components including production were terminated has been formed. Behavioural patterns formed in this new digitalized field have also led to changes in other components of literacy and educational circles. So, the importance of digital natives and a novel form of literacy has come to the fore. In our study, the effects of a novel application, wattpad, leading to changes in individual literacy and having more than 40 million users worldwide on secondary and high school students is being investigated and discussed. Keywords: literacy, digital literacy, wattpad X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5222 Traumatic Stress Reactions and Executive Mental Processes in women exposed to violence Betül Dursun Specialist Bahçelievler Mah. Adnan Kahveci Bulvarı Çocuk Sitesi ici No: 157 Bahçelievler İst. Objective: PTSD develops in ten percent of people who are exposed to human-driven violence and %25 to %65 in women exposed to domestic violence. Severity and duration of traumatic experience, psychiatric disorder story before trauma, early life experiences, intelligence, education, prefrontal cortex function changes, social support and other factors have an effect on PTSD progress. In this study its been investigated the relation between executive mental functions, being diagnosed psychiatrically, education level, level of depression semptoms and PTS reaction level. Method: Measuring EMF, depression and PTSD levels have been used WCST, BDE and TSSTÖ . 48 volunteer women participated in research whom are living on the Women Guesthouse of Familiy and Social Policies Ministry. Results: There is no correlation between WCST performance and TSSTÖ level of women which are exposed to sexual or non sexual phyisical violence. There is negative correlation (p<.05) between longness of disease (time past after the event) and stress reaction degree subscale of TSSTÖ. There is positive correlation (p<.05) between education level (year number accomplished successfully) and WCST 3,4,10,11 (total correct count, completed category count, conceptual level reaction percentage) scores; negative correlation (p<.001) with WCST1 (total reaction level). Conclusions: It can be seen education level, duration of disease and WCST subscale scores are support the present literature. Also its been thougt more extensive research which concluding psychiatric diagnosis screening and searching the cause of score rising WCST perseveration subscale in diagnoses accompanying PTSD. This study contributes the literature for studies in the future which are about PTSD and NPT. Specially, studies researching complex mental functions are can be loadstar to understand the violence with reasons and consequences. Keywords: Executive Mental Processes, Post Traumatic Stres Disorder, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5223 TRANSFORMATION OF THE “FAMILY” CONCEPT IN TELEVISION SERIES FEATURED ON TURKISH RADIO AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION Mehpare Yağlıcı Instructor Depart of Radio Television Sinema, Üniversity of Erciyes,Kayseri, Turkey Change in production relations experienced in societies leads to the cultural transformation. Family, the smallest carrier of the cultural structure reshapes together with the cultural transformation. In consequence of this transformation, the elementary family takes the place of the traditional family. The cultural transformation shows parallelism with the development of post-industrial production forms. This parallelism in cultural transformation provides a basis, breaking the elementary family. The mass media reflects and reproduce a cultural transformation. The mass media has an important place in family transformation. The television, being the home tool and traditional mass media, sow the seeds of family concept through the programmes featured on TV. Drams, one of the television programme types are the production which are the most watched ones by the viewers. The TV series, met the viewers for the first time on the Turkish Radio and Television Association (TRT), have a long-standing background. Especially the Family series remarks with being featured in Turkish television broadcasting and high ratings. The sampling of TV series with high ratings selected from the population of family series, featured on TRT from past to present is developed in this study. The following TV series; Kaynanalar, Bizimkiler, Şaşıfelek Çıkmazı, Ayrılsak da Beraberiz, Baba Candır will be examined by the content analysis method within the scope of the study. Whether the television series play a role reflecting and reproducing the transformation experienced in family will be revealed through this study. Keywords: Television, family, drama, family series of TRT X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5224 Critical Thinking Standards of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences Students Kursad Yilmaz, Orhan Murat KALFA Dumlupınar University In this study, it was aimed to determine the critical thinking standards of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences students. There are 240 Faculty of Arts students in the working group of the study which is designed in the survey model. The data was collected with “Critical Thinking Standards Scale”. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA analyses were used. According to the findings obtained from the study, Faculty of Arts and Sciences students think that they have critical thinking standards at a quite high level. Participants’ opinions on all sub-dimensions are closer to the “Agree” response as well as the highest participation is in “Depth, Width and Competence Sub Scale” and the lowest participation is in “Precision and Trueness Sub Scale”. The opinions of the participants about Depth, Width and Competence; Precision and Trueness; Importance, Connection and Openness sub-dimensions and the Total Point of Critical Thinking Standards are not varying according to gender, and programs that they are enrolled. The opinions of the participants about Importance, Connection and Openness sub-dimension are not varying according to the situations whether they take a scientific research techniques or a similar course or not. However, the opinions of the participants about Depth, Width and Competence; Precision and Trueness sub-dimensions and the Total Point of Critical Thinking Standards are varying according to the situations whether they take a scientific research techniques or a similar course or not. Keywords: Critical thinking, Critical thinking standards, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Students X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5225 EVALUATION OF WOMAN EMPLOYMENT IN TURKEY IN TERMS OF “DECENT WORK” SEDA TEKELİ Assistant Professor Department of Labor Economics and Industrial Relations, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey The concept of decent work that have been the main target of ILO since 1999 was first handled as an issue with the report that had been prepared and presented in 87th International Conference on Work in 1999 by the director of ILO, Juan Somavia. According to the report, decent work involves “opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income, security in the workplace and social protection for families, better prospects for personal development and social integration, freedom for people to express their concerns, organize and participate in the decisions that affect their lives and equality of opportunity and treatment for all women and men” and it is based on four main aims: employment, social security, fundamental rights for work life and social dialogue. In this context, creation of decent work have become an important topic both in Turkey and in the World. In this sense, this study will supply information on the concept of decent work and its proxies, evaluate Turkey’s performance and analyze the dimensions of decent work gap in Turkey, using TurkStat data, for women that are relatively employed more in nonhumanistic working conditions. At the end of this research, it is aimed to put that the decent work gap is prevalent on women, and that the creation of decent works is necessary. Also, suggestions for policy makers will be included. Keywords: Decent Work, Employment, Women Employment. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5226 FORECASTING FINANCIAL DISTRESS BY USING FINANCIAL RATIOS: AN APPLICATION OVER THE PUBLICLY TRADED IN COMPANIES OF NONMETALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS SECTOR IN BORSA ISTANBUL Metin Atmaca, Berna Burcu YILMAZ, Serkan TERZİ Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Biga İİBF İşletme Bölümü The concept of financial distress is described as a situation where businesses can not fulfill their financial obligations. Overview of literature demonstrates various methods of forecasting financial distress and that using financial ratios are also common. The purpose of this study is to put forward a reliable model towards forecasting financial distress for 25 businesses that are publicly traded in non-metallic mineral products sector in BIST by using the financial ratios between the years 2009 and 2014. The study uses discriminant analysis. The study concludes that variables such as cash amount of operating activities/asset total, sales profitability, cash ratio and size of business are effective in the determination of financial success of businesses that are active in this industry. The success rate of the research model is 84%. Keywords: Financial Distress,Financial Sector,Discriminant Analysis Ratios, Non-Metallic Mineral Products X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5227 NEW WAYS OF ENERGY USE: A CASE OF THE BALKANS Basak Gul AKAR, Cengiz AYTUN, İpek TEKİN Cukurova University, The Faculty of Kozan Business Administration, Adana, Turkey As a measure of development, energy has a priority in economic literature. However, both economic and social costs caused by traditionally energy sources have led to questioned the importance of this resources. In addition to this, some problems such as pollution and dependence on foreign energy bring about new researches instead of existing energy sources. Alternative and nuclear energy sources, which are named as “clean energy”, are expected to take the place of the old method. However, there are many factors affecting the use of new energy sources such as energy prices, energy production, energy dependence, economic growth, trade openness, and the use of carbon dioxide. Besides, development levels of countries influence significantly the degree of interaction between these factors. In the present study, firstly alternative and nuclear energy and the determinants of this energy use will be discussed in the theoretical context and then the required empirical tests will be applied for Balkan countries-Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey and Greece. Panel Data Method is preferred for analysis, which covers a period between the years of 1997-2011. Keywords: Alternative energy, Nuclear energy, The Balkans X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5228 The Relationship between the Authentic Leadership Behaviors of School Principals and Teachers’ Organizational Cynicism Kürşad YILMAZ Associate Professor Dumlupınar University In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between school principals’ authentic leadership behaviors and teachers’ organizational cynicism levels. The research is designed in correlational survey model. In the sample, there are 267 teachers who work in Kütahya province. The data was collected with “Authentic Leadership Questionnaire” and “Organizational Cynicism Scale”. In the analysis of the data, Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used. There are low level and significant relationships between school principals’ selfawareness, unbiased assessment, relational transparency, ethics and authentic leadership behaviors and teachers’ opinions about the participation in the decisions and practices; teachers’ becoming distant from the institution they work (emotional, behavioral); factors that reduce teachers' performance and teachers’ negative attitude towards school. Keywords: Authentic leadership, Organizational cynicism, School Principals X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5229 A FIELD STUDY OF ACCOUNTING STUDENTS’ REASON TO CHOOSE THEIR PROGRAM, MOTIVES, PREPAREDNESS TO UNIVERSITY EDUCATION AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES Filiz ANGAY KUTLUK, Zeynep HATUNOGLU, Ahmet KAYA Deparment of Banking and Insurance, Ayse Sak School of Applied Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey As the globalisation of education accelerates, there is a growing need to develop an understanding of the factors that influence student learning within the context of accounting education. This paper examines the perceptions of first-year accunting students as they commence their study of accounting at University of Akdeniz and University of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam. It explores a range of factors which impact on students’ learning: their motives for entering higher education, their rationale for selecting an accounting programme, their preparedness for further study and their expectations. The study also explores the influence of these antecedent variables on academic performance in the first accounting module. The data were collected using the MEPU Questionnaire (Motives, Expectations and Preparedness for University) which was developed by Byrne and Flood (2005 and 2007) by implementing to students in Antalya and Kahramanmaraş. Frequencies of demographic questions and means and Standard deviations for the statements are performed. Mann Whitney U tests are used whether there are significant differences between students’ gender or school and their motives, expectation, preparedness and academic performances. According to the results, almost the half of the students are interested in a career in accounting. Significant gender differences and school differences were identified between motives for entering higher education, expectation, preparedness and academic performances. Keywords: Higher Education, Motives, Accounting Students, Academic Performance X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5230 CAM BONCUK YAPIMINDAKİ TEKNOLOJİK GELİŞMELER VE ANADOLU’DA GÖZ BONCUĞU GELENEĞİ Emel Solenay, Ferda Tazeoğlu Anadolu University faculty of fine arts Tepebasi Eskisehir Yapılan araştırmalar, binlerce yıldan bu yana yaşatılan cam sanatının kaynağının Akdeniz ve çevresi olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Camı elde etmek için kullanılan temel malzemenin kum olmasından dolayı, kumun kolay bulunduğu bölgelerde de camcılık gelişmiştir. Camın tarihsel süreciyle ilgili günümüze kadar ulaşan belgeler ve buluntular göstermektedir ki cam malzeme ile yapılmış ilk örnekler arasında cam boncuklar yer almaktadır. Anadolu’da çağlar boyunca süregelen göz boncuğu geleneğini, diğer kültürlerde de sıklıkla rastladığımız dinsel inançlar şekillendirmiştir. Birçok kültür ve dinsel inanç göz figürünü kötülükleri uzaklaştıran bir güç, bir tılsım olarak kabul etmiştir. Bu çalışmada cam boncuk yapımının tarihsel süreç içerisindeki gelişimleri incelenirken geleneksel el sanatlarından biri olarak kabul edilen göz boncuğunun özellikleri, günümüz teknolojisiyle üretilen çağdaş cam boncuk örneklerine yansımaları değerlendirilecektir. Keywords: Cam, Boncuk, Göz Boncuğu, Cam Sanatı, Anadolu’da Cam X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5231 What makes a good marriage? Factors contributing to marital quality among divorcees and married people in BiH Selvira Draganovic Assistant Professor Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Psychology program, International University of Sarajevo, BiH Love and close relationships are of extreme importance to each and every human being. To love and being loved back is one of the basic emotional needs. People expect that love and marriage will bring them great happiness (Bird i Mellville, 1994) thus, many are in a search of eternal love happiness and satisfaction. Research indicates that good or quality marriage and family rather than marriage and family in general serve as a foundation of good mental and physical health, are sources of good social support (Old and Schwartz, 2010) and are reflection of good life quality in general. Although love is frequently pre condition in one's decision to marry, good/quality marriage does not come with the words „I do“ neither the marriage survives on its own. Whilst social and personality psychologists partition love into simple features Sternberg (1986), colors (Lee, 1988), and equations (Zajonc, 1968), good and quality marriage does not depend on love solely, but other, subjective and objective factors, which compose marital quality and stability, which are differently measured and explained. Depending on approach, marital quality is explained with different theories and can be measured in three ways: as satisfaction (subjective feeling of happiness and joy which partners experience with one another) as mutual adjustment of spouses (at different domains of married life like: communication, sexual behavior, decision making) and marital relationship assessment (synthesis of the first two approaches in which partners, independently, assess general marital quality and quality of a series of single dimensions. Theory of social exchange, investment model and equality theory, theory of investment and distribution of responsibility, attachment and behavioral theory are the most known theories which explain marital satisfaction and quality. On a sample of 366 participants (199 divorcees and 167 married), with an open ended question „what is necessary for good/successful marriage, we explored participant’s perception of “good marriage” and got following answers: understanding, (divorcees 46%, married 59.2%) as key factor, then love (divorcees 37.1%, married 43.1%), respect (divorcees 28.6%, married 28.7%) trust (divorcees 17%, married 17.9%), tolerance(divorcees 5%, married 17.3%), communication skills (divorcees 15%, married 15.5%). Enlisted answers fit into theories of marital quality and satisfaction. Keywords: marriage, close relationships, love, marital quality, marital satisfaction X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5232 Body Mass Index of High School Student and Its Relationship with Socio Demographic, and Nutritional Characteristics Belgin Akın, Eylül Gülnur Erdoğan Selçuk Universty Faculty of Health Nursing Department Because the obesity that begin during adolescents is a risk factor for adult obesity the early diagnosis and treatment in an early stage is very important. The purpose of current descriptive study is to determine the Body Mass Index (BMI) of High school students and examine its relationship with socio-demographic and nutritional characteristics. The study group is 530 high school students in Turkey. Data collected by reseachers with a questiaonaire. Of the students 34,6% underweight and 29,3% overweight/obese. 92, 5 % consume processed food 79,4 % not eats three meals a day (mostly breakfast (65,6%) left out). Overweight/obese is prevelant among senior students (33,0%) and underweight is prevelant among senior students (46,7%). Sex, socioeconomic and demoghraphic characteristics and also having education about nutrition, eating processed food and skiping the meals are not statistically important for BMI, But the students who eat processed foods between class break (45,5%) and for the reason having no time for meal during school (38,1%) are more obese and those eat processed foods for the reason that they like and prefer are (39,3%) more underweight. As a result, the prevelance of obestiy among students are high as compared with Turkey and World, but also the prevelance of underweight are high is noteworthy. Eating processed foods between class break, and having no time for meal during school are related with BMI (overweight/obesity) and enjoying and prefering processed foods is also related with BMI (underweight) as statistically. Keywords: High School Students, BMI, Overweight, Obesity, Underweight, Nutrition, X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5235 MATHEMATICAL REASONING SKILLS OF 7th GRADE STUDENTS Belgin Bal İncebacak, Esen Ersoy PhD Student, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ondokuz Mayıs University, Department of Elementary Education, Samsun Mathematics education is one of the most beneficial educations we ever receive in our lives. Therefore, a great amount of importance is attached to mathematics education. In order to fruitfully carry out mathematics education, improvind mathematical thinking skills of students is of high significance. It is required to place emphasis on improving mathematical reasoning skills for a fruitful mathematics education. Mathematical reasoning skills could be considered a process of correlating new situations and revealing the unknown based upon previously known situation. Developing such skills is important for the mathematics education students receive. The objective of the study is to determine the mathematical reasoning levels of 7th grade secondary school students. This research has been conducted during the first semester of the academic year of 2015-2016. The study group consists of 91 students studying at a secondary school in the province of Samsun. The case study, which is one of the qualitative research methods, has been employed as the method of this research. This method has been chosen so as to clearly reveal the situations which already exist. The obtained data has been analyzed through content analysis. In order to calculate the content validity of the study, the formula developed by Miles & Huberman (1994) has been used. Three problems developed by Erdem (2015) in his doctoral thesis, which is named as the Effect of Enriched Learning Environment on Mathematical Reasoning and Attitude, have been used in this study. The problems applied have been evaluated through using the gradual rating scale of Marzano (2000). The retrieved findings suggest that students have tried to achieve the fastest solution and clearly express the solution process. However, it has been found out that some students could solve the problem, yet could not clearly explain their mathematical reasoning process. Moreover, a part of the students has been able to determine the strategy for solving the problem, but has not been able to find the solution to the problem. Keywords: Mathematics, Secondary Education, Mathematical Reasoning Skill X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5236 MATHEMATICS EDUCATION AND REASONING SKILL Esen Ersoy, Belgin Bal İncebacak Assistant Professor, Res. Asst. Ondokuz Mayıs University, Department of Elementary Education, Samsun Reasoning is a person's ability to use the knowledge in their head after rationally filtering it. The reasoning skill, which involves the ability to think, is a mental phenomenon. The conception of reasoning can be defined as obtaining new facts through correlating among existing phenomenon. A person could deliver a decision regarding a new situation by associating an existing phenomenon to another. When students improve their reasoning skill; their ability to solve non-routine problems, with which they face for the first time in their lives, could also improve. Thereby, it is also possible to easily overcome a danger by rationally reasoning, so as to live a healthy life. The objective of the study is to determine the reasoning levels of 5th grade secondary school students. This research has been conducted during the first semester of the academic year of 2015-2016. The study group consists of 51 students studying at a public school in the province of Samsun. The method of the study is case study. The reason why case study has been chosen as the method is because this research aims at providing insight into the situation which already exists. The papers handed by students have been analyzed through content analysis. In order to ensure the content validity for the qualitative study, the formula developed by Miles & Huberman (1994) has been used. The problem called Going to the Movies from the Chapter 1 of normal units, which is named Problem Solving Questions from PISA (Program for International Student Assessments) (2015), as the data collection tool for the study. The problem called Going to the Movies consists of 2 questions. The problems applied have been evaluated according to the reasoning stages of NCTM (2000). The retrieved findings suggest that students have realized that reasoning is important while solving the problem. Furthermore, they have tried to solve problem through making deductions from the problems. It has also been observed that in all stages of problems, discussions and results have been solved through revision. Keywords: Mathematics, Secondary Education, Reasoning X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5237 Remembering the Battle of Kosovo (1389) Aliye F. Mataracı Assistant Professor International University of Sarajevo Hrasnička cesta 15, 71210 Sarajevo, BiH This paper questions what it means to “remember” a battle which happened almost 627 years ago. The Battle of Kosovo occurred between Ottoman and a coalition of Serb, Bulgarian, Albanian, Bosnian and Wallachian Orthodox Christian forces on Kosovo Plain on June 15, 1389. Historical darkness regarding what happened on the battle field allowed for appearance of competing historical accounts of the Battle in Serbian and Turkish historiographies. This work, questioning the significance of the battle for the aforementioned historiographies, will focus on various instances through which the Battle of Kosovo has been raised to the attention of the public, in other words, the battle was collectively remembered. Taking for granted the political motivations behind the urge to “remind”, this work will also analyze the varying contexts within which this particular event has been commemorated, in other words, collectively remembered. Keywords: Culture of remembrance, the Battle of Kosovo, Serbian and Turkish Historiographies X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5238 Special Disabled Care Centers of Measurement of Employee Burnout : The Case of Tokat Province Murat Sayili, Fatih Elibol Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences Department of Business Administration 60240 TOKAT/TURKEY In this study, burnout of disabled service personnel, age, gender, marital status, salary, examined according to some demographic variables such as the duration of professional burnout of staff working in these institutions and are intended to determine whether varies according to demographic characteristics of burnout. The study was conducted by applying the survey to employees with disabilities in all special-care centers in Tokat. Working from a total of 187 employees working in three specific disability care center in Tokat 145 of them participated. The completed survey of this total by the inclusion in the analysis due to lack of data analysis through 8 were 137 surveys were carried out. The personal information form for the Maslach Burnout Inventory was used for data collection tools and your personal information as burnout. The obtained data were analyzed statistically. Keywords: Burnout and Sizes, Disabled Care Center Employees X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5243 Human Freedom in Thomas Aquinas’s Thought Hüseyin Bal Assistant Professor Depertment of Public Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey Thomas Aquinas (1224/6 - 1274), one of the greatest Thirteenth Century -even of the Middle Age- philosopher, interested especially in topics like metaphysics, philosophy, philosophy of religion, political theology and ethics. The theme of this manuscript is the thoughts of that extremely important philosopher about human freedom. He has internalized the philosophies of Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle on the one hand and drew attention by his deeply sophisticated knowledge about Christianity on the other hand. Thus, his ideas about freedom are important especially today when the concept of freedom has become an extremely important value. Moreover, when one considers that the Aquinas’s thoughts represent the official view of Catholic Church, he/she will appreciate the importance of these thoughts and ideas well. Aquinas’s thought about freedom keeps its importance and actuality even today. He traces the topic in the context of concepts like ‘God’s knowledge’, ‘intellect’, (free) ‘will’ (voluntas) and the ‘area of action’. For him freedom is consisted of “free act” and a free act should have at least three presuppositions: Firstly, a field of action in which more than one course of action is objectively possible; secondly, an intellect that is able to work out more than one course of action; and finally, a will that moves itself. Keywords: T. Aquinas, Freedom, Will, God's Knowledge, intellect X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5244 The Comparison of Islam and West Civilizations and Turkish Foreign Policy in the Thought of Said Nursi Atilla Doğan Associate Professor Depertment of Public Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey According to Islamic philosophy, Allah created the entire universe (existence) with the aim of being known. Allah, having eternal excellence, created the entire universe utmost perfect as well. For Nursi, science (funun) essentially points out that perfection, too. And Allah created the human beings with the aim of being known and being introduced to others by them. Thus, Hz. Adem who was created as first human was a prophet at the same time. The “Knowing Allah and obeying Him” principle means acting relevant to all His most beautiful names by which He manage the universe, realizing the same excellence for all humanity and finally meeting his/her Creator in the other world. Naming the period of the Latest Prophet (Hz. Muhammed) as “Asr-ı Saadet” (century of happiness) has located in the history of humanity as the concrete evidence of that knowing and obeying. At the time when human beings used their will against the “Knowing Allah and obeying Him” principle trusting and depending on their own reason and power, they suffered from wars, famine, misery and tyranny, which is contrary to routine order of the universe. In the same way, the Western Civilization which exclude the revelation and employ power centered materialistic worldview, caused to tremendous tragedies like two World Wars. By the end of Cold War it become appear that West Civilization had used concepts like equality, liberty, democracy and human rights in order to manipulating the masses. That tremendous lie collapsed entirely with the recent times’ experiences. A century ago, Said Nursi stated that the Western Civilization will collapse inevitably and right-centered Islamic Civilization (against power-centered Western Civilization) will bring justice and peace to humanity again. Thus, (for him) being the voice of silence majorities, Turkey will be the leader of new Islamic Civilization’s reawakening, rebuilding and revitalization process who advocates the common values of humanity against all the World. Keywords: Said Nursi, Turkish Foreign Policy, Western Civilization, İslamic Civilization X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5245 POSITIVE DISCRIMINATION PRACTICES TOWARDS WOMEN IN TURKISH SOCIAL INSURANCE LAW: WOMEN-FRIENDLY SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM Yusuf Alper, Serhat Ozgokceler Department of Labour Economics & Industrial Relations, Uludag University, Bursa / Turkey Discrimination in working life is one of the basic problems of social policy at nationally and internationally. It is the act of treating a person differently —negatively or positively— because of that person's race, class, religion, sexual orientation/gender or any other group to which that person belongs, rather than assessing individual needs and merits. Positive discrimination towards women means that the act of giving advantage to them in society that are often treated unfairly because of their sex/race/religion etc. According to the ILO, social insurances in industrial society were regulated by only men and taken account of their needs. After World War-II developing the service sector and increasing participation of women in the workforce (especially in a-typical works) made essential new regulations towards women in social insurance systems. Social insured person is defined gender-neutrally in Turkish Social Insurance Law no 5510. But there are some special provisions for the benefit of women “called positive discrimination”, like the possibility of early retirement. But, the unique positive discrimination regulation towards women in Turkish Social Insurance System is girls qualify orphan’s pensions without any age limit. In addition to this women may receive pensions’ widows and orphans’ pensions from both the husband (as a widow) and parents (as a girl). Looking these practices, we can call “Turkish SIS is a women-friendly system”. Social Security Reform (2008) also has brought new regulations may called as positive discriminations for the benefit of women such as maternity borrowing; early retirement for women with disabled children; maternity and parental leaves; work-life (motherhood) balance. Keywords: 0 X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5246 Giftedness and Academic Achievement as Determinants of Personal Competence Perception among Students of Elementary School Anela Hasanagić, Asmir Zukic, Nina Bulajić International University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Hrasnička cesta 15, 71210 Ilidža, Sarajevo Competence is defined like the „global or specific subjective perception (feeling, expectation, belief) of one person about one's ability to realize apparent behaviours and show results which are expected“ (Bezinović, 1988, pg 53). In this study, we examined whether school achievement and giftedness are contributing to the self-perception of personal competence of elementary school children. We used matched participants sampling of gifted and average students with control variables of gender, age, academic achievement, observed motivation for school achievement, observed socioeconomic status. N=62 elementary school students. Instruments used were SocioDemographic Questionnaire and Self-Perception Profile for Children by Susan Harter. Results imply that all participants percieve themselves as the most competent in Behavioral Competence (M=20.32), than School Competence (M=20.26), Global Self-Worth (M=19.26), Social Competence (M=18.03), Physical Competence (M=17.45) and at least in Athletic Competence (M=16.16). Subscales of self-perception are positively intercorrelated, which means that students with higher perception in one aspect have high self-perception in other aspects as well, or that different aspects of self-perception belong to one general one (rho from 0.354 to 0.767). When it comes to the differences between gifted and average children we found significant differences in subscale of School Competence (Mann-Whitney U = 340.500, sig= 0.047) where gifted children percieve themselves as more competent than non-gifted students. When gender differences are observed as independent variable, there are statistically significant differences on the Social Competence scale, (Mann-Whitney U =52.500 sig=0.007), and Physical Appearance Scale (Mann-Whitney U =66.000, sig=0.036. where gifted boys percieve themselves as more competent than gifted girls. Keywords: giftedness, school achievement, perception of self-competence X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5247 Foreign Aids As An Alternative International Communication Method In Public Diplomacy: A Research On Somalia Example Emel Tanyeri Mazıcı Assistant Professor Erciyes Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Talas, Kayseri, Türkiye Bilateral relations are changing towards to multidimensional and continuous relationships by the globalization process in the varying nature of intercountry relations. The public diplomacy has an increasing importance in communication strategies of the countries with its aspects of functionality, collaboration and multi-gains in the world where the traditional diplomatic relations give its place to the multidimensional and long-term relations. Foreign aids, which has an important place especially in this communication management process developed by a country for the citizens of other countries, reflects a process in which the gains of the parties are diversified and extended over a long-time. Foreign aids constituting an important dimension of the communication strategy of the countries can be evaluated in a very diverse range such as emergency, economic, social, cultural, educational, technical, and agricultural and health. It is seen that Africa has an important place within the scope of the public diplomacy of Turkey at the point of communicating with different geographies and creating relations on the axis of the values and interests. Firstly, a theoretical basis has been provided about the foreign aids in the context of public diplomacy in the study. Afterwards, the secondary data concerning the subject on the axis of interstate connection public diplomacy and foreign aids with Turkey in the case of Somalia, having an important place in the Africa continent will be examined by the qualitative analysis descriptive sampling method and then some inferences will be made. Keywords: Public Diplomacy, Foreign Aid, Somalia-Turkey Relationship. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5249 Investigation of the Relationship between Metacognitive Awareness Level and Self-Esteem of 6-7-8th Grade Students Fatma Elif Kilinc Assistant Professor Ataturk Arastirma Hastanesi yanı Temel Bilimler Binasi Bilkent ANKARA This study was conducted with the aim of ascertaining whether there is a relationship between metacognitive awareness and self esteem levels in middle school students. Further, it was investigated whether gender had any effect of the level of the level of metacognitive awareness and self esteem. With this aim, a sample of students attending one private school located in the municipal district of Cankaya in the province of Ankara was selected as a sample which consisted of 187 6-7-8th grade students. As the data collection tools, 80 itemized “Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale in Children” and “The Turkish version of the Jr. Metacognitive Awareness Inventory- Form B” developed by Sperling, Howard, Miller and Murphy (2002) and adapted to Turkish by Karakelle ve Saraç (2007) were used to measure the levels of metacognitive awareness. The data of the research was analyzed with a multiple regression, t test and Pearson correlation analysis. According to the results of the study, a correlation between the metacognitive awareness and the sub dimensions of self esteem has been found. Keywords: Metacognitive awareness, self-esteem, middle school X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5250 The Application of the Course Musical Education by the Graduates of Preschool Education Department at Pre-school Institutions Tugba Caglak, Ilay Bilge DENKTAS PhD Student, Instructor Department of Music Technology, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey Education is a life-long process. The musical education which is included in the extensive formation of education takes a highly significant part in social, cognitive, sensual, kinesthetic and language development of any individual. Also being a way of expression, music can be one of the most efficient methods in expressing himself/herself of the individual. Music is known to have an important function in human education because of its effects on the human and close relations with the other scientific fields. A musical education which is arranged based on the individual differences of the children enable them develop their skills in this field. The goal of musical education in the pre-school period is to assist the emotional, cognitive, language and psychomotor development of the children, to provide them express himself/herself freely with such musical elements as songs and rhythms and meet with the musical culture. All these require the teachers who have taken a comprehensive musical education. The course contents of the course musical education at the undergraduate programs of pre-school education at the education faculties in Turkey and the application of musical education by the pre-school teachers constitute the main problem of this study. Accordingly, the course contents of the course musical education conducted at the Department of Pre-school Education at Gazi Education Faculty of Gazi University will be examined thoroughly, and it will be interviewed with those graduated from the department mentioned above and working for at least two years in the profession, and then the semi-structured interview forms will be assessed in a scientific approach. Keywords: pre-school education, music education, pre-school music education X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5251 INVESTIGATION OF TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION PROCESSESS REGARDING USAGE OF INTERACTIVE BOARD BY ACADEMICIANS IN TERMS OF TRANSFORMATIVE LEARNING THEORY Mithat ELÇİÇEK, Mustafa KAHYAOĞLU Siirt University Education Faculty Siirt/TURKEY Interactive boards take place in primary and secondary schools under the Project called FATİH in our country to step up technology integration processes of both students and teachers, to improve the technology in education and to provide equality of opportunity. Correspondingly, they are used at high education institutes as well. In this study, it is aimed to investigate skills of using interactive boards of academicians, who work at institutes where candidate teachers are trained, in relation to seesawing, preliminary examination, critical evaluation, awareness, discovering, preparation of an action plan, acquisition of knowledge and skills trial of new roles, proficiency and establishment of self-confidence and integration in accordance with transformative learning theory. The study has been conducted within qualitative research method. The study has been conducted with 10 academicians who work at State Universities in Turkey during Academic year of 2015-2016 in spring semester. The participants of the study have been determined via criterion sampling technique among purposive samplings. In this context, data have been collected through semi-structured interview which has been prepared according to the ten stages included in transformative learning theory of Mezirow (1994). Data of the study have been conducted through descriptive content analysis. Keywords: Academician, education, university, interactive board, transformative theory X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5254 Modelling of Fatih Sultan Mehmet's strategies used during the conquest of Istanbul by using game theory Seda GÖKTEPE KÖRPEOĞLU, Erman KÖRPEOĞLU Department of Mathematical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul. Game theory which is studying the cases involving mutual struggle with mathematical methods is a branch of applied mathematics. In this study dealt with the events of the conquest of Istanbul which has great importance in world history, mathematical modelling using strategies involving some important details during the conquest is aimed. Byzantine and Ottoman Empire intended to achieve their objectives (the aim is to conquere Constantinople for the Ottoman Empire and to protect the walls for the the Byzantine Empire). There are strategies they used against each other to ensure the highest return. This study is the creation of mathematical modelling of the problems dealt with conquest event. It is assumed that there is a finite number of strategies of these opponents. A twoperson matrix game is discussed and the mathematical modelling of the game characterized with a matrix has been developed by determining strategies to be used in the games. Discussed strategies are determined from the books and other documents from various libraries, from the information given by experts in the field of historians. The numeric value of the strategies are obtained according to the views from the expert historians. In this study, the concepts such that the optimal strategy and mixed strategies of players, the value of the game, solution methods and solution in two-person matrix game are given. The results are presented in the game matrix form, the optimal strategy vector of them are found. Optimal strategy of the Ottoman Empire which is mixed two strategies is determined. Keywords: Game, player, strategy, game matrix, the conquest of Istanbul X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5255 Nurses’ Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Related Factors Serap Yuksel, Serife Kursun Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Alaeddin Keykubat Campus, Konya, Turkey Aim: This study was conducted as a descriptive-correlational to determine the factors associated with the healthy lifestyle behaviors of nurses employed at a state hospital. Method: The population of the study was composed 367 nurses working in state hospital. The all population was planned to be included in the study. The study sample were included in 238 nurses due to some nurses did not want to participate and did not be in hospital between data collection time. Data were collected between March-June 2015 using a demographic and professional life questionnaire and the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U and ANOVA tests were analyzed. Results: Nurses’ total mean score of scale is 100,49±17,46. Some socio-demographic (gender, age, marital status, family type, and income status) and professional life characteristics (working year as a nurse, way of working, weekly working time, and working time without rest) had influences on nurses’ healthy lifestyle behaviors (p<,05). Conclusion: As a result of study findings, it was found that the nurses working hospital had intermediate healthy lifestyle behaviors. In addition, it was determined the healthy lifestyle behavior had been affected by some characteristics of the nurses. Therefore, it is recommended that factors effective on healthy lifestyle behaviors should be taken into consideration and education and practices should be planned and evaluated to improve nurses’ healthy lifestyle Keywords: Nursing; healthy lifestyle behaviors. Keywords: Nursing; healthy lifestyle behaviors, related factors X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5256 Political Advertising: AKP Advertisements In The Sample of Turkey 2011 Elections in Konya City Salih Tiryaki Assistant Professor Gazetecilik Bolumu, Usak Universitesi, Turkey Political communication's emerging as a phenomenon and process is a product of last 50 years. The political communicaton is the very important and supreme point of elections because the political party must use the advertisement tools and advertisement areas very professionally to be successful in elections. Political advertisement which is a process to increase the ratios of voters of a political party, applied by professionals for the visual, auditory and printed media. This kind of adversitement is very smilar to commercial ads. It has basicly has two sorts: One of them is positive political ads., the other is negavetive political ads. Also in this study, the tools and medium of political ads. are examined. In the practise part, the local and common ads. of AKP's political ads. took place in printed media and outdoor advertising medium are examined by using method of semiotics. Keywords: Political Communication, Political Advertisement, Turkey 2011 Elections, Negative Political Ads., Positive Political Ads. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5257 In Terms of News Value Factors of Traditona and Internet Media Comparison Emre Vadi Balcı Assistant Professor Yeni Medya Bölümü, Usak Universitesi, Turkey Knowledge and information are basic resources of journalism which this speed and technology are reformated by hands of journalism in a world where the knowledge and speed become basic values. For being a news, as for Galtung and Ruge's outlining, timing, intensity, sharpness/clarity of cultural appropriateness, relevance, sudden events, continuity, composition, socio-cultural values, negative references to and other references to people are required. In these sense, the smilarities and diffrences of traditional newspapers and internet newspapers' news were examined. How new journalism differs from traditional journalism is the main point of the study which stands a thesis about to explain the journalism targets with a new perpective. Keywords: Traditional newspapers, Internet journalism, Content analysis, News value factors. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5259 Temperament and Resiliency as Predictor Factors of Preschoolers’ School Readiness Dilan BAYINDIR, Alev ÖNDER, Asude BALABAN DAĞAL Department of Preschool Education, Marmara University, Atatürk Education Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey The aim of the study is to investigate the predictory effect of temperament characteristics and resiliency of preschool children on the level of their school readiness. The holistic definition of the school readiness concept includes “physical well-being and motor development”; “social and emotional development”; “approaches to learning”; “language development” and “cognition and general knowledge” (Kagan, Moore and Bredenkamp 1993 cited in UNICEF, 2012). Both personal and environmental factors have effects on school readiness within social, cultural and historic influences. The focus of this research is on the personal factors specifically temperament and resiliency. The research is a quantitative study, designed in survey method. The sample of the study includes 395 preschool children (190 girls and 205 boys) who are 60-72 months old. The Demographic Form, Short Temperament Scale that was developed by Prior, Sanson and Oberklaid (1989) and adapted into Turkish by Kumru, Sayıl & Yağmurlu (2006 cited in Baydar, Küntay, Gökşen, Yağmurlu & Cemalcılar, 2010), Children’s Ego Resiliency Scale that was developed by Eisenberg et all. (1996) and adapted into Turkish by Önder and GülayOgelman (2011) and short version of School Readiness Scale that was developed by Baydar, Güroğlu and Birdinç (2003 cited in Baydar et all., 2010) were used as data collection tools. The collected data were analysed by regression analyses. The results indicated that the level of resiliency and “persistence” and “rhythmicity” explains 26 percent of school readiness level. The positive relationship between resiliency, persistence and rhythmicity categories of temperament and school readiness was found. Keywords: Preschool, resiliency, temperament, school readiness X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5260 Assesment of the Future of Common Agricultural Policy in the Context of Legitimacy. Ceran Arslan Olcay Dr. European Union Research Center, Ankara University,Cebeci,Ankara,Turkey. Since 2013, Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of European Union (EU) has been in a period of change in accordance with the Europe 2020 Strategy. Especially with the rearrangement of CAP tools after the 2003 Reform, signs of the radical transformation have started to become apparent and paved the way for the “new CAP”. Accordingly, with more efficient and simpler methods designed for EU with 28 members, the process of “new CAP” will be questioned based on how the expectations of consumers and producers met, thus confidence built, during the current cycle. This period which is very important in reshaping the future of CAP is being discussed in the context of “Legitimacy of CAP”. At this stage, different views of economically and socially different countries, especially liberal England who is at the edge of decision for exit from the EU, conservative France and relatively new member Poland will be discussed. Aim of this study is to deliver the tendencies of CAP after 2013. Regarding this issue, European Union’s benefits and global equilibrium will be examined to assess to what extend the needs and expectations of the EU citizens have been taken into account. Moreover, CAP’s future scenarios and diversion tendencies will be debated within the context of Legitimacy of CAP. Keywords: EU,CAP, Legitimacy, Agricultural Economics, CAP Reform. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5261 The Analysis of Koltuk Ornamentations of Bakara Surah of Karahisari Koran in Terms of Illumination Art Nihal Araci PhD Student Fine Arts Faculty, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey Ottoman Empire had a golden age in art like in the other areas in the sixteenth century. In this sense, there were lots of works which shed light quality on the century. Koran ornamentation is the most common application area of illumination. “Ahmed Şemseddin Karahisârî Koran” is one of the best works of illumination in the sixteenth century. The Koran which is different from its peers is either line design of calligraphy which is transferred on sized paper suitable for calligraphy with an extraordinary aesthetic approach and illumination design which has an elaborare work deserves capacity of masterpiece. In this presentation, general information will be informed about Ahmed Şemseddin Karahisârî Koran. In the following part, the main subject of the presentation which is the design of koltuk ornamentations of Bakara Surah of Ahmed Şemseddin Karahisari Koran will be examined in terms of composition and color analysis. It is included drawings in order to clarify nuance of motive and pattern which are worked in small size. Color usage in the drawings facilitates the discovery in this area. Keywords: Karahisari Koran, Ornamentation, Illumination X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5262 Being a part of a memory or not, the most beautiful of all mothers TULAY ERENOGLU PhD Student Faculty of Architecture and Design, Department of Achitecture, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vaqf University, İstanbul, Turkey The art scene of Istanbul is constructed on the works of International Istanbul Biennials more than the other festivals that make the Biennial a specific issue. Biennials’ artworks have been discussed from the very different point of views related to the culture, economy, society, and politics or related to the art, architecture and urban in the global, national or regional level. In this study, The Most Beautiful of All Mothers work which is located in urban environment and has effect on the citizens’ daily lives, will be discussed related to the citizen’s visual memory within the theory of spatial processing during mental imagery projected by Kosslyn, Shephard and Thomson. In the end of the study, based on the collected data from the individuals, the aim of the study is to create an understanding on the effects of art works’ object properties and spatial properties on to the citizen’s visual perception for becoming the part of citizen’s visual memory and a landmark for the city. Keywords: artwork, city, visual perception, visual memory, urban environment X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5263 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA PUBLIC RELATIONS OF ONLINE SHOPPING SITES EMEL TANYERİ MAZICI, PINAR GÜNER KOÇAK, HASAN ALTİNCİK Erciyes Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi, Kayseri, Türkiye Intended purposes of social media differ in today’s world and it has become a corporate communication tool for corporations. Social media, which is evaluated as a public relations course, carries great importance in terms of reaching internal and external shareholders. The presence of corporations in social media paves the way for their target audience to reach them without any filter and provides the possibility of a two-way symmetric communication. When being evaluated in terms of rivals, it is seen that the corporations that don’t engage in social media activities are more inadequate and defenseless to criticisms, requests and needs arriving from this course compared to those who use social media. The developments in information technologies have made online shopping a part of daily life in terms of free-time constraint, accessibility to product and services of corporations/enterprises, campaigns conducted by these corporations, etc. The presence of these enterprises on social media is vital so that they may gain the trust of their target audience and announce the information/campaigns from the first hand. According to 2015 data, the number of online shopping sites engaging in e-commerce activities in Turkey is around 22 thousand and when it is considered in terms of the ones with higher awareness, it is seen that social media and the advertisements given to social media are the important reasons for this high awareness. In this regard, the question comes up as how rival companies with high-awareness that operate in the same sector use social media and what type of perception they create in target audience. The aim of this study is to conduct a field research towards NevşehirHacıbektaşVeli University students regarding public relations use of the online shopping sites on social media with a qualitative analysis related to social media use of defined online shopping sites (hepsiburada.com, N11.com, kitapyurdu, D&R) and to determine the appearance of consistency on the activities of these enterprises and the perception of target audience with the findings. Post-modern marketing tools and literature data of social media public relations shall be presented in the first part of this study, while findings shall be given place in the second part, then derived results and recommendations shall be evaluated in the last part. Keywords: Public Relations, Social media public relations, post modernmarketing tools X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5265 “Turkish law of successions’ characteristics and its principles” Mehmet Ozgur Avci Assistant Professor Marmara University Law Faculty Haydarpaşa-İstanbul/Turkey In this study, under the title of “Turkish law of successions’ characteristics and its principles”, we will examine the determination of successors, acquisition of the inheritance, liability from the duties of the legator, community of heirs and the partition of the estate in the Turkish law of successions’ characteristics and the principles admitted in this subject. Keywords: Successor, acquisition of the inheritance, liabilities of the successors, community of heirs X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5266 The Postponement of Bankruptcy in Capital Companies in Debt in Turkish Law Evren Kilicoglu Assistant Professor Marmara University Law Faculty Haydarpaşa-İstanbul/Turkey One of those situations where it is compulsory to demand the bankruptcy of a company is the fact that company has more liabilities than assets. However, individuals who are entitled to manage or represent the company or one of the creditors may request for the postponement of bankruptcy by submitting a realisable recovery project that improve the company’s financial situation to the court. If the court finds the project serious and credible, the court decides the postponement of bankruptcy. On the postponement decision, a new execution proceeding shall not be commenced except for labour credits and existing execution proceedings stop. The postponement period shall be maximum one year. This period may be extended by the court by taking into consideration of reports of the curator appointed by the court. However, the total extension period shall not exceed four years. If the court rejects the request for the postpone of bankruptcy or determines that recovery is unrealisable at the end of postponement period, the court decides adjudication of bankruptcy of the company. Keywords: Bankruptcy, Capital Companies in Debt, The Postponement of Bankruptcy, X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5267 Drug Compliance and Affecting Factors of Individuals Have Hypertension Living In Rural Areas Selda Arslan, Nur Teke Assistant Professor Healty Science Faculty, Nursing Department, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey This study; was done in descriptor-relational concept in order to determine the affecting factors and drug compliance of individuals were diagnosed as they have hypertension living in small scale population rural area. For choosing the sample , the accidental sampling which is one of improbable sampling method was used where the individuals are chosen applying to a particular institution and sample consisting of 235 patients been created. In research, questionnaire form consisting 22 questions prepared by the researcher and Drug Dependence / Compliance Self-Efficacy Scale which is used for Validity and reliability studies in patients with hypertension were used. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Signed consent forms fort he study were obtained from paitent after the ethics committee approval.The average age of the participants of study is 63,2±9,9 and % 64,3 of participants are women and % 78,7 of them are married . % 47,7 of the patients are primarysecondary school graduates , % 59,6 of them housewife , % 68,1 of them are considering their income level as middle and %52,3 of them are living together with their partner. The scale score average of the patients was determined to be the relevance of in scale score average of the variables as Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, regular drug using situation, status of knowing the side effects of blood pressure, measuring / to be measured frequency of blood pressure (p<0.05). The average scores of the patients have normal Systolic and diastolic blood pressure(65,1±10,1-64,6±10,3) were higher than the abnormal (57,6±10,4-57,8±10,5) patients , also the patients were regularly using drugs (62,7±10,3) had higher scores than the patients were not using the drugs regularly (54,6±13,2) and the patients who did not know the side effects of blood pressure (62.8 ± 10.3) had higher average scores than the patients knew it(59,7±11,9). According to Tukey test, it was found that the difference about blood pressure measure / to be measured was because of the patients whose blood pressure was measured every day. At the end of the study, it was found that knowledge for hypertension was effective in the adaptation process and in accordance with those results; some actions were suggested as planning the trainings aimed to increasing the drug compliance and selfefficacy levels of the individuals living in rural areas have hypertension and reduction of complications and to do the monitoring more regularly. Keywords: Hypertension, Rural areas, Drug compliance X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5268 Health Control Focus Of Type 2 Diabetic Individuals Selda Arslan, Mustafa KILIÇ Assistant Professor Healty Science Faculty, Nursing Department, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey This study, was done in descriptor-relational way with the purpose of investigating the health control locus and affecting factors of diabetic individuals. Data were collected from 325 diabetic individuals living at city center. The questionnaire form and Multidimensional Health Control Scale were used in collecting data. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significantSigned consent forms fort he study were obtained from paitent after the ethics committee approval.The average age of the patients participated to research was 53,3±8,0 and % 51’4 of them were women, % 88,9 of them were married, % 69,8 of them were primary school graduated and % 43,7 of them were housewives. HbA1c level was 8,2±1,1’dir. From Multidimensional Health Control Locus Scale; it was determined that they got 25,3±6,8 points from Internal Health Control Locus sub-dimension, 27,3±4,7 points from Strong Others Internal Health Control Locus sub-dimension, 17,9±5,5 points from Chance Control Locus sub-dimension. İnternal health locus of control; marital status, education level, person living together, regular exercise, regular diabetes diet application status were found meaningful (p<0.05). Powerful others health locus of control; adhering to regular diabetes diet, taking regular health check status, Chance health locus of control; marital status, person living together, number of individuals in family, status of compliance to regular diabetes diet were found meaningful (p<0.05). Internal control locus was expected to be high in study but it was found that the individuals had mainly external control locus in terms of compliance to disease and reflections to self-efficiency level. Determining the control locus of diabetic individuals by the health workers and giving the trainings and services aimed to self-management of individuals by increasing their internal control locus are suggested. Keywords: Diabetes, Health Control Focus, Self-management X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5269 OSMAN ASAF OF THE FIRST GENERATION ARTISTS OF TURKISH PAINTING Zeynep DEMIRCAN AKSOY Assistant Professor Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Deparment of Art History, Mugla- Turkey Historical past of Turkish painting in the western sense encompasses the last two centuries only. The process of military mandatory art classes coming into the curriculum of Mühendishane [engineering school] and the inauguration of Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi [School of Fine Arts] in the last decades of the Ottoman Empire constitute the first phases of the history of Turkish art of painting. The Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi founded in 1883 is the most important stage in fine arts education in Turkey for providing classes in painting, sculpture and architecture in the western sense. Important graduates of this school guided the Turkish painting in the coming decades. Osman Asaf, an artist of life-long dedication to art, is of importance for being one of the first generation graduates of this school. He was born in Sarajevo in 1868 and moved to Istanbul with his family at a young age when his father passed away. He spent almost all his life in Istanbul and his interest in art paved the way for him to study at the Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi, from where he graduated in 1889. He worked as a teacher due to economic reasons but he never lost his connection with art. Osman Asaf was one of the founders of Osmanlı Ressamlar Cemiyeti [Association of Ottoman Artists] (1909), the first association bringing together the Turkish artists and he was also the responsible director of the journal of the association which started to be published in 1911. His works are in oil, gouache and water colours and he depicted landscapes of Istanbul and its streets. The common feature of his many paintings is the expression style with vivid colour harmony in a calm and tranquil atmosphere. This research aims to determine the place in Turkish art of Osman Asaf, who has been the scope of only few studies, taking into consideration his life, works, style, and similarities to and differences from his contemporaneous artists. Keywords: Turkish painting, painter, landscapes of Istanbul X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5271 SOCIAL SECURITY RIGHTS OF FOREIGN EMPLOYEES IN TURKEY Mustafa Cin Assistant Professor Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Law, Trabzon, Turkey The right to social security is accepted as a human right. After the Second World War, international declarations and agreements regarding to human rights and many constitutions explicitly acknowledged the right to social security. Increase in international economic relations and convenience is effective in increasing the numbers of workers working in foreign countries, and social securities of these people has become a major issue for both national and international arena. Under Turkish laws, foreigners are entitled to social security . Article 60 of Constitution of 1982, states that ‘Everyone has the right to social security’. Social securities of foreigners working in Turkey is regulated by both national 106 laws of Turkey and bilateral and multilateral agreements that Turkey is a party to. According to the Law numbered 5510 Turkish Social Security and General Health Insurance Law, with some exceptions foreign individuals deemed to be insurance holders who are employed an employer through a service contracts. Individuals residing in abroad but working in Turkey whom are working on their own behalf and their own account are subject to social security legislation of their residing country and they are not deemed to be insurance holders. According to this, the relevant provisions of the social security agreement will be applied to the nationalities of the foreign employees of the signature county. This work will examine the rights of social security of the dependent and nondependent foreign employees under the bilateral and multilateral agreements that Turkey is a party to and national laws of Turkey. Keywords: Right to Social Security, Foreign Employees, Social Insurance of Foreign Employees, Agreements on Social Security. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5273 The Refugee and Asylum Policy of the European Union in the perspective of the Syrien Refugees Mehmet Soytuerk Assistant Professor Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences,Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey Member number of European Union reached to 28 with the participation of Republic of Croatia in 1 July 2013. In historical process, this union starts with European Coal and Steel Community. Founding members were six countries; Germany, Belgium, Holland, Luxemburg, France and Italy. It has been 60 years since establishment of the union. European Coal and Steel Community evoluted to European Economic Community, European Community and European Union in an order. In this evolution there is a big improvement. Signing of the European Coal and Steel Community Agreement is an important step to prevent a new war in Europe. When the agreements which are signed in the later years are analysed, the steps from economical to a political union are seem. Mmber states of the union which make a good progress in economy, are developed towards standarts of developed six founders. Refugee trouble that arised in recent times started to engross the European Union and World Public Opinion. What is Union’s and members’ attitude on refugee and asylum policies. Can the members act together in refugee and asylum policies like their acitons on economic policies? Keywords: EU Union, Refugee and Asylum Policy, Syrien Refugees, Dublin System X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5274 Determining the Health Literacy Levels of University Students Ahmet DİNCER, Serife KURSUN Mevlana University, Saglik Hizmetleri Yuksekokulu, Hemsirelik Bolumu, Konya, Turkiye Objective: The survey was conducted to find out about the level of university students health literacy Materials and Method: The survey was conducted with 260 students from a special universities who agreed to participate. Survey data was obtained through a questionnaire consisting of 16 questions and through a Adult Health Literacy Scale (AHLS) consisting of 23 questions formulated in line with the relevant literature. Numbers, percentages, arithmetic average, standard deviation, t test and analysis of variance were used in the statistical analysis of data. Findings: The average age of students participating to the survey is 20.71±1.69. 81.2's% of the students are to know the symptoms of hypotension. While there were no statiscally significant relatisionships according to age, gender, having a health practioner in their family members , percevied health state and health literacy, level of the health literacy of senior students (4th grade students) who had disease was statiscally significant(p<0.005). Conclusions: University students participating in the timing of medication doses in the study, symptoms of hypotension and get to know better but to be contacted in complaints about hospital appointments and outpatient clinic with symptoms of hypertension does not know well. In this regard, particularly the health literacy level of all members of the university community, including students, to bring a better level of training it is recommended." Keywords: University students, Health literacy, Health care X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5275 An Investigation Of Conflict Resolution Behaviors Of Children Attending To 8th Grade Of Secondary School Burcin Aysu, Neriman Aral, Figen GÜRSOY, Ece Özdoğan Özbal Department of Child Development, Kırşehir University, Kırşehir, Turkey The present study aimed to investigate the conflict resolution behaviors of children attending to the 8th grade of the secondary school and to see whether certain variables were associated with differences in the conflict resolution behaviors. The sample of the study was composed on 180 low-income children with complete families attending to the 8th grade of the secondary school in Ankara provincial center, who had no disabilities and voluntarily participated in the study. The data collection tools utilized in the study included the “Personal Information Form” to obtain information as regards the children and their families and the “Scale for Identification of Conflict Resolution Behavior” as developed by Koruklu (1998). The data obtained as a result of the study will be assessed by statistical methods and discussed. Keywords: Conflict, Conflict resolution behavior, Education X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5276 THE RISE AND FALL OF AMİR SADEDDİN KÖPEK Hasan Taşkıran Dr. Departman of History, Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis, Turkey Sadeddin Köpek, birth date and birthplace is not known with certainty. Amir Sadeddin Köpek, the origin of life and in the activities of the state is a historical figure not examined in depth by researchers today. Sadeddin Köpek, which has marked in the Turkey Seljuk a short time period such as two years. Amir Sadeddin Köpek rise in istate at a very short time. He was found in tasks such as the army commander, interpreter, Amir Sikar, Architect, Amir of Regents, Melikü'l-Umera/Grand seigneur (Beylerbeyi) and Pervane (financier). In the date of 1237, Sultan Alaeddin Keykubat was killed by assassination poisoned. The statesmen and commanders responsible from this poisoning incident enthroned his other son Giyaseddin Kaykhusrav instead of his son Izzeddin Kılıç Arslan whom Kayqubad had shown as his successor candidate and whom they had pledged allegiance to. This case caused the Seljuk statesmen and commanders to be divided into two rival groups as supporters and opposers of Kaykhusrav. The amir Sadeddin Köpek suddenly came into prominence as the statesman that influenced and directed the new Sultan Kaykhusrav the most. He has been the chief architect of the bloody and gruesome action in the state of liquidation, murder of the repressive regimes that alarmingly at states that the period is weakened. Amir Sadeddin Köpek, Sadeddin had led to the destruction of the country of great political chaos has made the Seljuk management between 1237-1239. In this presentation will focus on the Amir Sadettin Köpek’s in the activities of the state in tasviye and how he died in two years. Keywords: Amir Assassination. Sadeddin Köpek, Turkey Seljuk State, Giyaseddin Kaykhusrav, X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5277 Are Conspiracy Theories Deconstruction of Constructed World Model of Liberalism in International Relations? Gokhan Capar, Onur Ayda Department of Political Science and International Relations, Kafkas University, Kars/Turkey Although conspiracy theories in international relations appear to be unreal and imaginative, in reality, the only weakness of them is their inapplicability to scientific criteria. However, conspiracy theories are not completely falsifiable. Actually, at this point, owing to the cover over the separation of scientific and unscientific realities, statements to fulfill the gap between the image and the reality in international relations are stigmatized as conspiracy theories, and so, they’re put aside. The international relations literature and academies do not/cannot focus thoroughly on these statements labeled as unscientific. In fact, any fiction having explanatory power (able to combine parts) in the face of events that we live through might be successful in representing the picture of the reality. However, most discourses against the discourses used by super powers to justify their own foreign policies are excluded as they are felt to be conspiracy theories. Indeed, conspiracy theories might provide a different perspective for the reality so long as they’re supported by data. As is known, social-political events are formulated as a narrattion and given meaning/constructed. For instance, after Cold War, especially in and around Middle East, attempts to build up a new liberal world were formulated by liberal dissertations like “the end of history”, democratic peace and picturized. This perspective was included in scientific literature and liberal discourses were used as an instrument to cover the reality. The transformation of this image into the reality meant military interventions and security problems. In this context, can conspiracy theories considered as a counter statement taking the cover hiding the gap between the image and the reality? Can conspiracy theories deconstruct the image given to the world? Within this scope, by emphasizing the concept that science doesn’t examine things that needs to be, but it examines things that exist, the aim of the study is to discuss liberalism as a scientific being that picturizes an ideal world in international literature and to prove international security problems that it emerges in practice. Keywords: Conspiracy Theories, Liberalism, Deconstruction, Democtratic Peace Theory X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5278 Action for Avoidance in Bankruptcy Law Nazlı GÖREN ÜLKÜ Assistant Professor Tıbbiye Cad., Haydarpaşa, Marmara University, Faculty of Law, Istanbul, Turkey Cancellation procedure is regulated in article 277 - 284 of the Execution and Bankruptcy Law. Cancellation case is a law case concerned with the cancellation of the disposition that has been processed with the debtor for the benefit of the creditor. In the presentation, the legal nature, legal circumstances, the parties of the case, authorized and competent court, subject to cancellation procedure and finally, the legal consequences of the case will be discussed. Keywords: Cancellation procedure, the legal nature of the cancellation procedure, subject to cancellation procedure X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5279 post-traumatic stress disorder among people who were exposed to psychical and sexual violence NIL MEVLUDE KECELI, OZLEM KARAIRMAK, BORA BUKEN, TAMER AKER ISADEM ISTANBUL BUYUKSEHIRBELEDIYESI, KAYNARCA Objective: Violence has always been part of the human experience, in various forms in all parts of the world. Every year, more than a million people lose their lives and many of them suffer non-fatal injuries, as a result of self inflicted, interpersonal or collective violence (WHO, 2002). Violence is an important health problem, affects human life (Dutton ve others, 2006). The aim of this research to investigate between post-traumatic stress disorder among people who were exposed phycial or sexual violence, at or above 16 years. Methods: 155 volunteer participants consists of 83 women (% 53.5) and 72 men (% 46.5). Data for research is obtained from patients treated at Duzce University Forensic Medicine Service. Voluntary Information Form, Demographic Information Form, Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale and Somatization Scale and Relationship Scale Questionannaire were used in the research to collect data. Data were assessed and analyzed statistically with SPSS 20,0 program. Results: The average severity of post-traumatic stress among people who were exposed to sexual violence was more than among people who were exposed pshycial violence. This difference was significant. Conclusion: After the man-made traumatic events, people are faced with serious mental health hazards. Keywords: traumatic stress disorder, trauma, violence X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5280 ACTIVITIES WITH CONCRETE MANIPULATIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL ABILIES OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS Sevda GOKTEPE YILDIZ, Ahmet Sukru OZDEMIR Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Education, Department of Elementary Mathematics Education, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey In the present study, three different activities with concrete manipulatives to develop elementary school students’ spatial abilities were presented for pilot study. The volume and surface area of three dimensional figures were calculated in two activities. Rectangular prism, cube and square prism were constituted with different colour mathematical cubes by eighth grade students. In the other activity, the properties of three dimensional geometric shapes were analyzed. The number of edges, faces and vertices of prisms and pyramids were determined in the third activity. Case study was determined as method of the study. Worksheets were prepared for each activity to collect quantitative data. Besides, students’ views regarding to the applicability of the activities were collected with interview form prepared by researchers. The interview form consists of six open-ended questions. Data obtained from the interview form were evaluated qualitatively and content analysis was used. Eighteen eight grade students from a public school in İstanbul consisted of the study group of the study. Findings obtained from the interview forms were analyzed seperately for each activity. Findings revealed that students had difficulty in understanding of three dimensional shapes’ properties, and some calculations about them. The participants also stated that they didn’t come across such activities in their mathematics courses. Keywords: spatial ability, concrete manipulatives, elementary school students X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5281 THE ANALYSIS OF TURKEY’S HAZELNUT EXPORTATION WITH A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH Murat Sayılı, Bilge Gözener Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences Department of Business Administration 60240 TOKAT/TURKEY In this study, the factors affecting Turkey’s hazelnut exportation are analyzed by the usage of 21 years of data collected through 1992-2012 period. Cobb Douglas production function is used in the study. Also, in the first formed model, supply and demand models are formed and analyzed to define the statistically most meaningful consumption and production variables in explaining the hazelnut exportation. The determination coefficient (R2) in the hazelnut exportation, hazelnut supply and hazelnut demand equations varies between 0.482 and 0.979. According to the research findings, there is a decreasing returns to scale in hazelnut exportation model while there is an increasing returns to scale in hazelnut supply and demand models. In Turkey’s hazelnut exportation model; hazelnut world prices, shelled hazelnut production amount, domestic hazelnut kernel consumption amount and almond exportation amount are statistically meaningful. In Turkey’s hazelnut supply model; hazelnut market price and walnut-hazelnut price parity; in Turkey’s hazelnut demand model, almond-hazelnut price parity, shelled hazelnut production and walnut price variables are determined to be statistically meaningful. Keywords: Hazelnut, Exportation, Demand, Supply, Cobb-Douglas Model X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5283 INVESTIGATION OF INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYEES OF THE COMPANY INNOVATION: THE CASE OF AMASYA Murat Sayılı, Elvan Özaydın Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences Department of Business Administration 60240 TOKAT/TURKEY In today's changing world, businesses are being forced to adapt to balance both to innovate and innovation. the biggest tasks in an innovative attitude of the employees that have fallen in this adaptation process is of great importance for businesses. Employees with the new research , discover, experiment, the process of acceptance and development are associated with their individual level of innovation. For this reason, the business of running one of the important factors affecting the level of innovation, innovative structure reveals the individual is the primary objective of this study. For this purpose performed, collected by research in our survey techniques carried out a quantitative study and evaluation to be operating in the food sector eligible Amasya , Istanbul Chamber of Industry (ISO ), according to published was that the data of 2014, Turkey's second 500 Industrial Enterprises is a company located in the 386 the data of the employees were subjected to statistical analysis programs. Analyze the data; descriptive statistics, one- way analysis of variance was used for independent samples t-test for independent samples. As a result of the analysis; mainly employees of individual innovation level "inquiry" category it is in, the level of innovation points; marital status, gender, age, ownership of the number of children, the total working time, the employer changes the number of working departments, the current did not show a significant difference in position, but education has been shown to be a significant difference in the variables. According to the undergraduate and postgraduate graduates of primary school graduates; according to the graduated secondary school graduates and undergraduate and graduate degree finally, according to the graduates of undergraduate and graduate school graduates were higher innovation levels. Keywords: Innovation, innovativeness, Individual Innovation , Employee X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5284 Malpractice In Medicine And Responsibility of University Hospitals Aysel Milanlioglu, Ulas Koray Milanlioglu Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Nöroloji Ana Bilim Dalı Başkanlığı, Tuşba, Van Taking necessary precautions to protect public health and organizing health institutes under one authority has encumbered to the state under title of social and economical rights and responsibilities in 56th article of the constitution. Protecting public health covers both resposibilities of increasing service quality and applying correct diagnosis as well as correct treatment. Malpractice concept is very wide both in terms of description and content. Malpractice can be grouped under certain items. These groups include diagnosis errors, not starting treatment at appropriate times, treatment mistakes, consultations to the specialists in inappropriate times, excessive medical intervention, not referring a patient to a higher level board, and organization errors. All of regulations to remove malpractice in medicine, technical developments and scientific research aim human being to sustain a healthy life. In this oral presentation, we will elaborate on which criteria should be used to evaluate responsibities of doctors or academics working at a university hospital for an erreneous diagnosis or mistreatment. Keywords: Malpractice, university hospital, responsibility. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5285 Evaluation of Compensation For Lack of Support According To Turkish Debt Code Article 69 For Survivors of Van Earthquake Ulas Koray Milanlioglu Instructor Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Kamu Yönetimi Bölümü, Hukuk Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı Başkanlığı, Zeve Kampüsü, Tuşba, Van, Türkiye 644 citizens passed away on a devastating earthquake happened in Van city on October 23, 2011. Relatives of died victims asked for compensation for lack of support. Compensation for lack of support, a name established in doctrine and practice, aims to a get compensation from the entity that caused the death to people who the deceased one were supporting while alive. Relatives of the deceased who mostly died due to staying under debris of buildings sue builder or owners of buildings according to TDC article 69. However, usufructary right owners and residence right owners have also been added as possible responsible persons to TDC article 69. As a result, two new sides have been added to counteract damage in compansation for lack of support. The new arrangement in TDC reflects intensified state of flawless responsibility. Moreover, bringing a rescue proof has not been predicted for responsible persons. In this sense, builder, owner, usufructary right owners or residence right owners will be responsible of compensation for lack of support if the deceased ones were supporting some people while alive, or if there is a strong possibility that they would support those people in future. Owner is responsible from defects or lackness of maintenance in building, while usufructary right owners and residence right owners will be responsible of lackness of maintenance in building. Another important point to note here is the owner will be responsible with those people in all conditions. Earthquake is not considered force majeure in practice. Nevertheless, August 17, 1999 earthquake which had 7.4 magnitude has also not been considered force majeure. Van local district has also not considered earthquake as force majeure. Along these line, we will evaluate legal disputes around this issue and their implications for future legal cases in this presentation. Keywords: Van earthquake, compensation for lack of support, Turkish Debt Code Article 69 X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5286 A Look To Concepts of Assignment of Trustee, Legal Advisor And A Guardian For Dementia Patients Aysel Milanlioglu, Ulas Koray Milanlioglu Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Nöroloji Ana Bilim Dalı Başkanlığı Zeve Yerleşkesi Tuşba Van Türiye Life span of human being is increasing as a result of medical developments in all over the world as well as in our country and we observe an increase in old population worldwide. Doctors encounter impact of increasing old population as an increase in dementia cases. Dementia is a clinical condition characterized with disorders in behaviour and high cerebral function, a continiously advancing and frequently irreversable neuronal degeneration in brain. Essentially, existance of a decrease in ability to tackle needs of daily life, a decay in perception, judgement, questioning, producing solutions to problems encountered in life, social behaviour and appropriate emotional responces, increasing isolation, disability of differentiating between right and wrong, memory loss in form of forgetting starting from near memory to far memory are noticable changes in various cognitive functions. If we consider that dementia is a congnitive function disorder, it is inevitable to observe that it affects differentiating ability of a person. It is necessary to get a restriction order according to TPC article 405 -if necessary conditions are satisfied- in order to protect the dementia patient from legal responsibility. One can assign a legal advisor or a truestee as well as a guardian to a restricted dementia patient. One frequently encounters a situation in which most of the physicians who are being asked opinions for evaluation of restriction order are hesitant on what kind of evaluation should be performed and they are insufficiently informed about concepts of guardian, trustee, and legal advisor assignments. Purpose of this presentation is to help physicians to make them understand these three concepts better, to protect dementia patients better and to prevent legal suffering of both patients and doctors. Keywords: Dementia patients, legal advisor, trustee, guardian X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5287 Compensation related to the Measures of Protection Gulfem Pamuk Assistant Professor Marmara University Faculty of Law Individuals who suffer losses during the investigation or prosecution and have been subject to the following interactions, may claim their material and emotional losses from the State. Individuals who have been arrested without or with an arrest warrant against the provisions foreseen by the statutes, or for whom the period of arrest has been extended against the regulations listed in statutes, who have not been taken before a judge within the period of police detention, as foreseen in the statute. Even though they have been arrested with or without a warrant, in conformity with the statutes, were not tried within a reasonable time before the court and did not receive a judgment within a reasonable time. After having been arrested legally without or with an arrest warrant, a decision on no ground for prosecution had been issued, or at the main trial had been acquitted, were convicted, but the period they had spent in custody and in pretrial arrest was longer than the period in the sentence, or were necessarily only fined, as the Criminal Code foresees a fine only for their conduct and no imprisonment. Keywords: Compensation, Measures, investigation, prosecution X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5288 A STUDY ON DEVELOPING ACHIEVEMENT TEST RELATED TO RATIOPROPORTION SUBJECT Aysun Karaalioglu, Esen Ersoy Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun Students are expected to display the desired behaviour within the context of educational activities. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the evaluation to determine how much the students have learned at the end of the educational activities. Achievement test is given as a one of the assessment tools to evaluate the progress of the students. Through the assessment tools, the educators can have an idea about the academic achievement of the students. Thus, it is essential to develop valid and reliable achievement tools for a healthy evaluation. In this study, a multiple-choice achievement test was developed in line with the ratioproportion subject involved in the mathematic curriculum of the seventh graders. Also, the categories Atılgan (2015) introduced is taken into consideration for the test. The aim behind developing the achievement test is to assess the effectiveness of education and reveal the students’ success. Thus, it is essential to include the critical behaviour in the scope of the test and the table of specifications was prepared for this purpose. In line with this table, 42 test items are written regarding the categories of Bloom Taxonomy, remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating. 10 assistant professors and 3 math teachers have expressed their opinions about these 42 test items. Regarding their opinions, the items were revised. After the revision, the items were turned to test. The items were not ordered from easy to difficult and the items which evaluate the same objects were not ordered successively. Also, the instructions for the items were added and the font size suitable for the level of the students was decided. 380 eighth graders’ students solved this test. The data of the test was analyzed through Finesse packet programme and distinctiveness and difficulty index were calculated for each item. 11 items whose distinctiveness index below 0.30 were excluded from the test. Since there are enough items to evaluate the defined objects, 6 items were also omitted. As a result, final test was prepared consisted of 4 items for remembering, 6 items for understanding, 9 items for applying 3 items for analyzing, 1 item for evaluating and 2 items for creating categories. As a result of obtained data, statistics of the achievement test was calculated. The mean of the test is 11.36, standard deviation is 4.803, item distinctiveness is 0.406, item difficulty is 0.454 and K-20 reliability co-efficient is 0.803. As a conclusion, a reliable and valid achievement test for the ratio-proportion subject is developed. Keywords: Maths education, development of the achievement test, ratio-proportion subject. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5289 HISTORICAL BRIDGE OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPE VALUE - CASE of TURKEY BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA NUR BELKAYALI, ELİF AYAN Kastamonu University Landscape Department Kastamonu Turkey Bridges linking two separate sides and play an important function in the joints are an important location for the city. It attracts quite as the landmark as well as of using functional. In the past passageway used with the aim of bridges has an important place as a legacy history in today. this bridges which component indispensable of rural and urban landscape values are very high in terms of cultural landscape. These values is necessary to protection and ensure the sustainability. Turkey and Bosnia and Herzegovina which has a common history examined in terms of the historical bridge in this study. In this study, both Mostar Bridge recognized as a world heritage site is an important cultural value for Bosnia and Herzegovina on its architecture with meaning and Kambur Birdge in Kastamonu Turkey made comparison in terms of the cultural landscape values and what can be done to protect examined because of have similar characteristics in terms of historical background. Keywords: Mostar Bridge, Kambur Bridge, Cultural Landscape X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5290 TRANSLATING POETRY IN THE LIGHT OF SEMIOTICS Didem TUNA, Sunduz OZTURK KASAR Instructor Dr., Prof. Dr. Galatasaray Lisesi Istiklal Cad No: 159 34430 Beyoglu ISTANBUL TURKEY Among the literary genres, poetry is the one that resists translation the most. Creating a new and innovative language that breaks the usual rules of the standard language with brand-new uses and meanings is probably one of the most important goals of the poet. Poetry challenges the translator to capture not only original images, exceptional symbolism, and subjective connotations but also its musicality, rhythm, and measure. Faced with this revolutionary use of language, the translator needs a guide so as not to get lost in the labyrinths of the poetic universe. The universe of sound and meaning unique to each language and the incompatibility of these languages with each other makes the duty of the translator seem impossible. At this point, semiotics may function as a guide, opening up the mysteries of the universe built by the poet and giving clues as to how it can be conveyed in the target language. This allows us to suggest the cooperation of semiotics and translation studies. From this perspective, we plan to present a case study that will exemplify this cooperation. Our corpus consists of Shakespeare’s sonnet 130 and its Turkish and French translations. This study will compare the translators’ creations to the original sonnet to see the extent to which the balance of the original text’s meaning and form is preserved in the translations and how skillfully and competently the signs that constitute the universe of meaning are transmitted in the target languages. Keywords: Semiotics of Translation, Shakespeare, Sonnet 130 X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5291 MINING AND MENTAL HEALTH “From the Depths of Earth, to the Depths of Soul” Ayşe Kuzu, Gül Ünsal Barlas, Nevin Gonce Onan Ahmet Erdoğan sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu Sağlık Bilimleri Kampüsü Kozlu ZONGULDAK By defining the mental health as “to love and to work” Freud highlighted the importance of working for mental health. It is known that, apart from the contributions one gets from working, adverse conditions in the work environment also affect the mental health of individuals. Due to adverse effects of physical, environmental and psychological factors at workplaces, in 2010, International Labor Organization has included mental illnesses as one of occupational illnesses. Mining is a labor-intensive line of work. It is considered as having the severest service conditions and among the most risky sectors in the whole world with respect to work accidents and occupational illnesses. The most important problems observed in underground mining are collapses, explosions and water flood incidents that result in death and severe injury. Underground mine workers carry on a shift basis, manpower based work in unfavorable environmental conditions. In addition to all these, the workers are constantly face to face with life threatening incident risks like collapses, mine gas explosions and water floods. Existence of life threatening factors puts the mental health of the workers in this line of work, into a high-risk group. The mental health problems that can be seen in mining line of work are psychotic disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, drug dependence and psychosomatic illnesses. Psychiatric nurses have roles like development of mental health, training and consulting. For this reason, they have a very important role in identification of the groups that posses mental health risks. These nurses also, help in the planning of attempts to protect mental health. In this study, the working conditions of mining sector, the effect of these conditions on the mental health of workers and the role of psychiatry and mental health nurses in this field has been examined. Keywords: Work Life, Mining, Mental Health, Psychiatry Nurse X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5292 Factors affecting, and methods to improve, the language development of EAL learners Kevin Norley Teacher Department of ELT and Basic Skills, Bedford College, Cauldwell St, Bedford MK42 9AH It is well known that common learning difficulties which EAL (English as an Additional Language) adult learners experience, whatever their starting point, relate to the degree to which the phonological system and grammatical structure of their own language differ from the English language (mother tongue interference). However, such difficulties also need to be considered in the context of the learners’ reasons and motivation for learning the English language. In comparing and contrasting behaviourist and humanistic theories of language learning, this paper considers how, in the context of an ever increasing and diverse immigrant community, the influence of culture and social class impacts upon the learning experiences of EAL learners. In focusing on some of the most common grammatical errors made by a range of EAL learners, and the reasons for those errors, relating to the learners’ first language use, this paper argues that the delivery of language leaning should take place within a culture of constant, and consistent, error correction of pronunciation and grammar, not just to EAL learners, but to native speakers throughout the education system, as this would provide a higher level of expectation, onto which the delivery of English language learning can be directed. It outlines a method whereby through comparing and contrasting commonly confused tenses in pairs, more effective learning of the ‘target language’ can be delivered, and further considers the degree to which the sharing of cultural assumptions and knowledge about social systems and rituals can further assist EAL learners in the learning process. Keywords: EAL, language, learning, theories, culture X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5293 An examination of the relationship between L2 Motivational Self System and L2 Learning in Turkish EFL context Cevdet Yılmaz Associate Professor Department of English Language Teaching, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey Research on motivation to learn a second / foreign language has received considerable attention in the last decade. Various studies have found that motivation is very strongly related to achievement in language learning (Gardner, 1972; Oxford, 1980). Current studies devoted to motivational theories on L2 learning emphasized the central role of the ‘selves’ in motivating L2 learners. Recently, Dörnyei ( 2009) has proposed a new L2 motivation theory called the L2 motivational self system. Drawing on Dörnyei’s (2009) L2 motivational self system as the main theoretical framework, the present study aims to examine the L2 motivational self system beliefs of university English majors in Turkish context. The focus of the study is on the five motivational constructs as identified by Dörnyei including “ideal L2 self”, “ought-to L2 self”, “criterion measures”, “attitudes toward learning English” and “integtativeness”. To collect data, a questionnaire of 30 items consisting of these dimensions was administered to 160 EFL pre-service teachers. Data then were analysed using both descriptive statistics and correlational analysis conducted to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of L2 self system and L2 learning. The findings suggest the importance of students’ potential to perceive themselves as ideal L2 speakers in language learning. The results of correlations proved a strong relationship between the “ideal L2 self” and “criterion measures” which is referred to as the learners’ intended efforts to learn English. These findings have far-reachig implications for EFL pre-service teachers, given that they can improve their ideal L2 self in future teaching environments. Keywords: Motivation, The L2 motivational self system, L2 ideal self, L2 experience X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5294 The Relationship between Students’ Perception of Intelligence and their Goal Orientation Suzan Beyza KAPTI, Dilek ILHAN BEYAZTAS Ankara University, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Curriculum Cebeci/Ankara This study aims to examine students’ perception of intelligence and their goal orientation and investigates the correlations between students’ perception of intelligence and their goal orientation in Faculty of Education. The study uses correlational research design. The study group consists of 1430 students who were attending in Faculty of Education. The study uses “Implicit Theory of Intelligence Scale “which was adapted into Turkish by Beyaztaş and Hymer (2015) in order to specify students’ perception of intelligence. The study also uses “Goal Orientation Scale” which was adapted into Turkish by Beyaztaş and Kaptı (2016). The analysis of the study includes descriptive statistics such as arithmetic average and standard deviation values in order to specify students’ perception of intelligence and their goal orientation. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was run to test the variations through students’ perception of intelligence and their goal orientation in terms of students’ age, sex, class level, and major. One of the multi variable test statistics Wilk’s Lambda statistics was used in order to determine whether there was a difference between the group averages according to any dependent variables. The F statistic was used in order to determine which dependent variables caused the difference between the groups. When differences were found between the groups, Tamhane and LSD comparison tests were used by controlling the equivalence of variances. Based on findings, results and conclusion will be discussed. Keywords: Perception of intelligence, goal orientation, implicit theory X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5295 Adaptation of Goal Orientation Scale through Faculty of Education in Turkey Dilek ILHAN BEYAZTAS, Suzan Beyza KAPTI Erzincan University, Faculty of Education, Erzincan/Turkey This study aims to adapt “Goal Orientation Scale”, originally developed by Dweck (2000), in order to measure students’ goal orientation in Turkey. The study follows the process that was recommended by Hambleton and Patsula’s (1999) study. The scale was originally developed with four items in order to specify students’ goal orientation. In the first three items, a likert scale with six degree was developed to measure students’ opinion from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree”. The fourth item consists of two categories. The scale consists of two dimensions which are “learning goal” (For me it is more important to learn in class rather than receiving high grade) and “performance goal” (Even though I hate, I prefer learning more rather than being the first in class). The reliability and validity of “Goal Orientation” scale was tested with 524 students who were attending Faculty of Education Department of Literacy, Primary Education, and Mathematics in 2015-2016 term. CFA was run to examine structural validity of the scale. CFA was structured in four item which were six degree likert type and reliable. The study first examined if the CFA was suitable for implementation and CFA’s hypotheses support or not. The fit indices calculated through CFA were found to be RMSEA= 0.00, CFI= 1, GFI= 1, AGFI=1, and SRMR= 0.0044. It was observed that the χ2= 0.26 (sd=1) statistics were significant (p<01) and it was calculated as χ2/ sd=0.26. The observed values show that the fit indices is consistent. After CFA, the linguistic equivalence was calculated. The findings on the linguistic equivalence indicated that the correlation between the items included in the Turkish and the original form varied between .78 and .91. Keywords: Goal Orientation, performance goal, learning goal X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5297 Strategic Voting Behavior: A Systematic Review of Literature Betul Aydogan Unal Dr. Department of International Relations, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey In electoral behavior literature, if a voter casts its vote for a party other than its most preferred in order to reach its favorable outcome is called strategic voting. Given its extent in elections, strategic vote plays a critical role on election results. Regarding the scarcity of an up to date systematic review on the methods to determine strategic voting behavior, this study aims to fill this gap through systematic literature review based on rigorous criteria. By examining pioneering studies in the field, the study specifically attempts to systematize the existing literature, comparatively explore the efficiency of different research methods for determining the size and direction of strategic voting, identify research gaps, and suggest potential areas for future research. This study shows that survey designs and identifying voting strategies from electoral data are the major methods used in the current review. Systematic analyses of strategic voting frequently devise survey designs that are highly costly to implement and low in representation. The less common approach in the literature has been a focus on the election results data, however, current implementations within the literature disregard the problem of ecological fallacy, thereby produce misleading findings. The use of latest advances in ecological inference with the actual data from the election results on a ballot box level offers better ways to narrow down the margin of error stemming from secret voting despite its requisite for an enormous data collection. Keywords: Voting behavior, quantitative methods, strategic voting, ecological inference, survey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5302 Development of Sustainability Reporting in Turkey (2010-2014) Tuba BORA, Aylin POROY ARSOY Department of Business Administration, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey Sustainability reporting transparently explain the company's economic, social and environmental performance to stakeholders. This reporting is also called integrated reporting, triple bottom line reporting, corporate social responsibility reporting. Companies need to explain their environmental and social performance in addition to economic performance to create value in the long term, increase corporate reputation and brand value and make their activities sustainable. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is the most widely used standard about sustainability reporting in the world. In our country, sustainability reporting is based on voluntary basis and GRI Standards are considered. In this study, examined economic, environmental and social factors that are presented in sustainable reports of BIST 100 companies for the years between 2010-2014 both in annual reports or sustainable reports and also tried the figure out the development of sustainability reporting in Turkey. Keywords: Sustainability reporting, BIST 100, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5303 DETERMINATION OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF FOURTH GRADE MIDWIFERY STUDENTS Numan Duran, Hacer Alan School of Foreign Languages, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey To evaluate communication skills of grade-4 midwifery students in a health sciences faculty. Effective communication skills are so important for midwives to maintain fruitful professional ties while working with healthy and ill people. Materials and Method: Data of descriptive study were collected via questionnaire and interviews with volunteer 68 (71.5%) grade-4 students (total: 95) between 1st and 23rd March 2016. While variables including age, long-settled location, family type, perception of economic condition and parents’ educational status were investigated, difficulties in social contact, experiencing communication problems with patients and their relatives in clinical applications, attending social activities at satisfactory level, choosing the profession voluntarily and readiness for communication with patients before professional life were asked to evaluate mutual communication skills in “Communication Skills Inventory”. Data were assessed with average, standard deviation, percentage and t test in independent groups (Independent- Samples T Test). Results: Mean age was 22.62±1.43. Of participants, 57% were found to live in cities for a long time, 69% to be from middle income families, only 7% and 44% of their mothers and fathers to have high school and over degree, 94% to experience no communication challenges in social life, and 13% to experience communication challenges with patients in clinical settings. The most significant problem was with refugees with Syria and Iraq due language difference. Conclusions and Recommendations: Pre-graduation communication skills of grade-4 midwifery students are quite satisfactory, and this is good for candidate midwives on the brink of professional life. Similar studies are recommendable to be performed in other fields during pre-graduation period with larger samples. Keywords: Skills, midwifery, communication, professional relationship. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5304 The Effects of 2008 Financial Crisis to Turkey and the Turkish Economy in 7 th. Year of Crisis Hande Akalin Cakmakli, Gökşen Topuz Gediz University Campus of Seyrek Menemen/Izmir "Financial crisis of 2008; is the biggest financial meltdown of 21st century in terms of consequences and the area of affection. The aim of this review is to describe the effect of economic crisis on Turkey. Regarding to growth rates: Turkey take leads of most effected markets. As a result, inflation, high account deficit, FX deficit and high real interest rates have crossed to each other. İn 2009, GDP decreased by %8.4. While emerging markets growth rates increased by %1.2, Turkeys’ has decreased by %6. Between 2002 and 2009, the GDP of emerging countries rose by %54 while Turkey stood up to %34.6. In the September of 2007, the IPI where 118.7 and it’s downed to 103.1 by 2009. SME’s has affected negatively from increased import rates of semi finished products and raw materials and unemployment rates increased dramatically. In 2008, the unemployment rate realized as %14 and employment were 41.2%. By October 2009, among the urbanized youth the unemployment rose to %26.6. İn 2002, while the private savings compared to GDP %25.30, the decrease to %16.80 by 2009 has increase the dependency to external resources and as a result it cause decreasing to growth potential. From 2008 to 2009, individual and corporate and commercial loans have increased %10.9 and %7.9 respectively and SME loans have fallen by 0.7. During financial crisis, the foreign trade volume shrink by 34.8 in Turkey while world average were %11.9. To sum up, including economic fragility, Turkey still has under the risk of starting it’s own potential crisis. Keywords: Crisis,Turkish Economy ,Economic Fragility X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5306 DEPRESSION IN IN-PATIENT AND OUTPATIENT TREATMENT CANCER PATIENTS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS Ayşe Kuzu, Berrin Bayraklı Assistant Professor Ahmet Erdoğan sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu Sağlık Birimleri Kampüsü kozlu ZONGULDAK INTRODUCTION: Cancer brings serious psychological and sociological problems for patients and their relatives. The most common psychopathology seen in this patient group is depression. This study is conducted with the purpose of identifying the levels of depression seen in the cancer patients and their relatives and the factors affecting it. METHOD:This is a descriptive study. The universe and sample of this study is in-patient and outpatient chemotherapy patients of Bulent Ecevit University Training and Research Hospital for the period February 15 – March 15, 2012. There were 146 patients and 127 patient relatives who accepted to contribute to this study. In collection of the data, Personnel Information Form and Beck Depression Measure (BDM) have been used. RESULTS: The BDM scores were 36.58 ±10.01 for the patients and 30.25 ±9.65 for the patient relatives. There is no statistically meaningful difference between BDM point averages of patients who know the diagnosis and have enough information about the illness (p>0.05). There is a statistically meaningful difference between the groups and BDM point averages are higher for patient relatives who know the illness of their patients (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: As a result of this study, it is seen that, both patients and their relatives face a severe depression; being an in-patient or outpatient, knowing the Diagnosis of disease having adequate knowledge does not effect the depression points; depression points are higher for those patient relatives that know the identity of disease of their patients. Keywords: Cancer, chemotherapy, depression X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5308 A Modern Actor in Trabzon: Besikduzu Village Institute Derya ELMALI SEN, Emre Karadeniz, Beyza Karadeniz Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Architecture, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey The modernization efforts started in the final phases of Ottoman Era, become an official modernization project with the establishment of Turkish Republic. Political and juridical reforms made in the first stage, soon followed by economic and cultural modernization goals. 80% of the population of Turkey was living in the rural areas during the early years of the republic. In order to achieve goals of the Republic, modernization had to be expanded to rural areas. Thus, to generate an interaction, institutions such as community centers and rooms, village institutes and modern education schools were built all around the country. In this sense, Village Institutes plays an important role, as a new educational organization and a fundamental part of developing a new identity through institutions. The scope of Village Institutes which employs a ‘Work in Education for Work’ slogan and ‘Hands on Learning’ methods was not only training instructors to teach the public how to read and write, but also teaching them modern agricultural techniques. Thus, the village-teacher engagement would contribute to the rural development. For this purpose, as a genuine educational and cultural movement, Village Institutes project legislated in 1940 and 21 institutes had opened till 1948. In this paper Besikduzu Village Institute, located in Trabzon, is studied as one of the institutes. Institute served as a regional education center from various cities; Giresun, Ordu, Gumushane, Rize, Hopa. The purpose of this study is to reveal the ideology, educational policy, foundation, architectural characteristics of Besikduzu Village Institute, seen as one of the Turkish Republic modernization symbol of Trabzon, and to evaluate its regional contributions. Keywords: Turkish Republic Era, Modernization, Village Institutes, Besikduzu Village Institute X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5310 NEW USAGES SUGGESTIONS FOR OPEN SPEACES IN KADIKOY YELDEGIRMENI NEIGHBORHOOD Emine Çoban Şahin, Duygu Özgür ITU Faculty of Architecture, Departmant of Landscape Architecture 34437, Istanbul/Turkey Urban open spaces asset in maintaining ecological health; develop urban matrix, habitat values and ecological quality; provides psychological services and environmental benefits; support cultural diversity. Heavy traffic, tiring and unsocial life, missing cultural heritage, environmental problems caused by urbanization can be examined highly day by day in Turkey. So, urban open spaces have critical values for cities. Especially creating quality open spaces are very important at some metropolitan neighborhoods. As one of the most important district of İstanbul, Kadiköy contributes remarkable social and recreational posibilities. Yel değirmeni is a neighborhood has historical, cultural, strategic value in Kadıköy, too. There are unsufficient areas all respects in Kadıköy. Fortunately, Yel değirmeni is a chance with its strategic location, historical streets, meaningful urban patterns for Kadıköy and İstanbul. This study with its case study Yel değirmeni, aims to reveal the potantial open spaces which can be used for social and recreational activities. This research aims to investigate the existing structure of the Yel değirmeni and discuss its potentials to support quality of urban daily life and district, green space and questions how the neighborhood supports urban life quality in Kadıköy. With this respect, potantial inactive open spaces are investigated by analyzing maps and literature review and current structure of neighborhood and user profile are analyzed via site investigations. The result of this study reveals some important area oppotunities and recommendations that new proper usage alternatives to increasing social, cultural, natural, recreational facilities of Yeldeğirmeni, Kadıköy. Keywords: urban open spaces, new usages, Yel değirmeni neighborhood, Kadıköy X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5311 Public Spaces Created by The Consumer Society: Shopping Centers Duygu Ozgür, Emine Coban Sahin Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, 34437, Istanbul/Turkey Involuntary, we have directed consuming as a result of increased production after the industrial revolution. Even though we do not need, we believe that we need and live in a symbolic satisfaction by consuming. Therefore, our consumption becomes continuity. The concept of consumer society caused by increased consumption refers to the shopping centers which increasing number in the city by the day. From past to present, consumption processes and patterns are important in terms of urban spaces in the urbanization process related to production. In this process shopping areas which shown as a product of industrialization and modernization, increases the rate of consumption on the other hand creates public spaces realized people's leisure activities outside shopping. In this study, firstly, consumption, consumption society concepts have been discussed and process of emergence of the consumer society case has been examined. Secondly, the effects on city development of shopping centers, extends to the present day starting from the traditional markets and shopping culture, have been analyzed for the case Vialand mall located in Istanbul. The result of this study, Vialand mall is a space larger scale compared to other centers in the city; it is understood to have gathered the mixed publicity fiction, bringing together the shopping, entertainment centers. Also Vialand mall offers a different experience for users living in this area and other parts of the city with different architectural decor while increasing the demand for visits that can be said to contribute to the fusion of these two different visitors. Keywords: Consumption, Consumption society, Urban, Shopping center, Vialand mall X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5312 What determine the banks’ profitability? Evidence from Turkey Narman Kuzucu, Serpil Kuzucu Medipol University, School of Business, Kavacik, Beykoz, Istanbul, TR Recently there has been a debate over bank profitability and performance after the collapse of some US and European banks during the global financial crisis. In this study, we aim to examine both the bank-specific determinants and macroeconomic factors which explain bank profitability. We utilize a panel dataset of 19 commercial banks operating in Turkey between 2004 and 2014. The dataset represents nearly all the deposit banks, and excludes the investment banks. Our study generates two sets of results. The firm-level results show how bank funding and portfolio structures affect profitability. While total assets and loans to securities ratio are positively associated to return on equity, deposits to wholesale funding ratio is negatively related to profitability. Equity and risk-weighted assets to total assets ratios are found statistically insignificant. These results suggest that larger and retailoriented rather than securities-oriented banks are likely to be more profitable. However, wholesale funding versus deposits is associated with higher returns. At macroeconomic level, GDP growth and credit default swap (CDS) spreads which represent the market's current perception of sovereign risk are negatively related to bank profitability, whereas higher public debt, public deficit, current account deficit and interest rates are associated to higher bank profits. Inflation is statistically insignificant in relation to bank profitability. The results show that negative economic conditions except sovereign default risk may have positive effects on bank profitability. The evidence from Turkey’s banks demonstrates that unfavorable economic conditions may mean a good fortune for banks. Keywords: bank, profit, bank profitability, return on equity, panel data analysis X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5313 The Historical Development of Occupational Health and Safety in the World and in Turkey Ozal Cicek, Mehmet Ocal Deparrtment of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey The upheaval in the working life created by the technology since the beginning of life until today has aimed the creation and development of social welfare on the one hand and has designated the threat perception for the human life and the working environment involved in. While the occupational accidents and illnesses have becoming apparent social problems due to the mechanisation process and various chemicals since the beginning of industrial era until today, it necessitated some safety measures to be taken against these problems. In the study, where in the historical process, the effects of the reflections of these transformations, which have been experienced in the production process, on working conditions and the re-design of these conditions are discussed; it is seen that working conditions and the occupational health and safety applications, which are seen as the transmission of these working conditions, have had repeated transformations both in the global scale and Turkish case. The analysis of this process aims not only to scrutinize the reflections of economic infrastructure on supersutructure in the historical process but also to scrutinize how the current dominant fictive system, namely the neo-liberalism, has designated this conceptual process with global and Turkish cases. Keywords: Neo-liberalizm, Occupational Health, Occupational Safety, Occupational Accident, Occupational Illness. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5314 Developing Attitudes toward the Prevention of Cervical Cancer: Psychometric Testing Abdullah Dadak, Ayşe Koyun Sandıklı Community Health Center Cervical cancer which can be prevented with early diagnosis in women is an important women's health issue. For the prevention of cervical cancer, understanding the attitudes that influence a woman's decision about participation in early diagnostic tests is important. The purpose of this study is to develop an attitude scale which measures women's cognitive, emotional, and behavioral skills for the prevention of cervical cancer. This study is methodological research. Psychometric phase of the study was carried out selected using non-random sampling 530 adult women who diagnosis, treatment, and pap-smear test coming to the Sandıklı Community Health Center in Afyon between June 1, 2015 and December 1, 2015. Data were collected using the advertisement form and Cervical Cancer Prevention Attitude Scale. The scale validity and reliability test results are as follows: Content validity index based on expert opinion was 0,98. Exploratory factor analysis of the scale factor loadings were above 0,40; description of variance ratio was 55% were determined. The building of the scale was tree-dimensional with 22-item, confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha (α) reliability coefficients was 0,87. It is proposed that using the scale to measure attitudes towards cervical cancer prevention. Keywords: Attitude, Prevention of Cervical Cancer, Psychometric Testing X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5317 The Examination of the Reading Strategies of Student with Learning Disability In Terms of Some Variables Halil Ozturk, Alev Girli Department of Special Education , Dokuz Eylül University, izmir, Turkey Being successful has become one of the most important issues for the society, parents and other individuals interact with them and accomplishing it becomes one of the most important goal. Reading, writing and basic abilities on mathematics are the most important academic abilities that students have to be successful. The students who haven’t been reached to these abilities, fail. One of the reason of being unsuccessful at school is being with learning disability diagnosis. Even though the students with learning disability have regular or high intelligence level, their academic success is lower than their peers because of having problems during the learning process. It can be said that may not reading fluently and reading mistakenly are the most common problems for children with learning disabilities. The aim of this study is to execute the relation between socio demographic features and reading strategies of children with learning disability. In this study the data of socio demographic features collected by using “Demographic Information Form” and the data of the level of reading strategies collected by using “Reading Strategies Met cognitive Awareness Inventor” of which validity and reliability studies made by Ozturk (2012) . The sample of the study is 50 students from 5,6,7 and 8 grades with learning disability in İzmir. The data has been collected but the data analysis is still being processed. The results will be discussed in terms of literature. Keywords: reading strategies, learning disability X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5318 The Relationship Between Teachers’ and Peers’ Attitude Towards Inclusive Education Alev Girli, İlker Ugulu Department of special education, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey Inclusive education, which leads children with special needs to get education with their peers, aims to either have the inclusive educated student get appropriate social abilities and so to be accepted by their peers or raise the academic success of them. Study results show that one of the variables that make the inclusive education effective is the attitudes towards inclusive education. Especially, it is seen that the attitudes of teachers and peers have a role for inclusive educated students’ and social acceptance. In our country for more than thirty years, inclusive education has been implemented. In many studies that have been made on this process, it has been determined that children at the primary grade aren’t preferred as a playmate by their peers are refused and acquired as a low statue. The study results on teachers’ attitude shows that the teachers’ aren’t against to this practice indeed, but they face may problems and they state that there are many defects. In some studies it is stated that teacher’s attitudes towards students with special needs affects peers attitudes towards them. This study has been made to investigate the relationship between the teachers’ attitude towards inclusive education and peer acceptance to determine some variables that affect these attitudes. The study group composes of 30 teachers that work in a secondary school in İzmir and 140 students with regular developed at the range of 10-14 years. Teachers’ attitudes are gathered by using “Attitude Scale Towards Disabled” which is developed by Yuker and Block (1986 and adopted in Turkish language by Ozyurek (2006), peer attitudes are gathered with “ Attitude Scale of Peer Towards Disabled Friends” which is developed by Cambra in 2002 and the validity and reliability of scale made by Kargın and Baydık (2002). The data has been collected but the data analysis is still being processed.The results will be discussed in terms of literature. Keywords: inclusive education, students with special needs, attitude, social acceptance, peer, teacher X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5319 The Applicability of Data Mining Techniques in Eurostat Databases: An Example of the Decision Tree Kadir Kirda Assistant Professor Department of Business Administration, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey Because of being in the Knowledge Era, knowledge has become one of the most important sources. Data mining provide useful methods for discovery of the valuable sources. Decision tree is one of the methods that can depict decision tree diagram based on database. In this study, Eurostat databases are discussed about availability for data mining. Eurostat databases offers a lot for the benefit of everyone. Information Society is one of the databases that downloadable in MS Access file format and gives the results from the survey on the usage of information and communication technologies in enterprises and households/by individuals. Decision tree application is made on the selected data. For data mining application, open source software Weka is used. Keywords: Data Mining, Decision Tree, Database, Eurostat, Weka X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5320 EFFECT OF HEALTH TRANSFORMATION PROCESS ON THE OUT-OF-POCKET HEALTH EXPENSES:A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Çiğdem DEMİR, Sibel SELİM Akdeniz Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fak. Ekonometri Bölümü ANTALYA In Turkey, health sector has made significant progress with the Health Transformation Program (HTP) which was put into effect in 2003. Health expenses which constitute one of the important parameters of the health sector showed an increase parallel to the Gross National Product within the scope of HTP reform process. Increase in the health expenses requires effective use of sources of financing. In this study where out-of-pocket health expenses contributing to the financing of health services were analyzed, the periods before and after HTP were compared and the impacts of the reform policy were evaluated. In this context, data of the household budget surveys for 2002 and 2012 carried out by the Turkish Statistical Institute were used and factors determining the out-of-pocket health expenses throughout Turkey and for urban and rural areas were examined. The relations between the out-of-pocket health expenses of households and various variables including age, sex, marital status, educational status, professional status of the head of the household, size and income of the household, heating system used in the house and property type were analyzed by Quantile Regression model. It is thought that the analysis results may lead the health policies to be implemented for quality and sustainable heath services. There are only a limited number of comparative studies covering both health expenses and Quantile Regression model in the literature. This study will contribute to this limited literature. Keywords: Health Expenses, Health Transformation Program, Quantile Regression, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5323 REMARKS ON STONE INLAID WITH TILE DECORATION IN THE 13TH-15THCENTURY TURKISH ARCHITECTURE Gokben Ayhan Assistant Professor Department of Art History, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, 48000, Mugla Tiles have been used both on the interiors and exteriors of Anatolian Turkish architecture as a decorative element dependent on the architecture. Indoors, the tiles were preferred on the mihrabs, sarcophagus, wall surfaces, tympana of windows and doors, arch spandrels, buttress piers, elephant legs, and pendentives. Outside, they are usually found on the walls of the latecomers’ area, on the tympana of courtyard windows, and minarets. These examples feature usually underglaze and monochrome glazed tiles. Furthermore, monochrome glazed tiles inlaid in stone blocks are attested outdoors, usually on the portals, arch spandrels, window tympana, window frames, minaret body or facades to a certain extent within a program. Stones inlaid with tiles decoration is for the first time studied in detail here, constituting the scope of this paper, and it is attested quite seldom on architecture. This implementation was first realized in the Anatolian Seljuk period, and continued under the Saruhan, Menteshe and Karaman Emirates; its more developed examples are gradually seen in the Ottoman architecture. Examples are found on the facades at Gök Madrasa in Tokat (1270) in the Anatolian Seljuk period; at Great Mosque in Manisa (1368) of Saruhan Emirate; at İlyas Bey Mosque in Balat (1404) of Menteshe Emirate; at Ibrahim Bey Mosque in Karaman (1432) of Karaman Emirate; Green Mosque and Madrasa in Bursa (1421), Koza Han in Bursa (1491), Mahmut Pasha Tomb in Istanbul (1474) and Pasha Bey Tomb in Skopje (early or mid-fifteenth century) of the Ottoman period. Usually turquoise, seldom cobalt blue glazed tiles are inlaid in the stone and usually squares, triangles and stars as well as palmettes are seen as motifs. This paper will present the stones inlaid with tile decoration, which is attested only on limited number of monuments both in Anatolia and the Balkans from the 13th to the 15th century, with regards to their places on the architecture, their forms and composition features as well as with comparisons in detail with examples inlaid on gypsum and brick. Keywords: Turkish art, stone wall, tile inlaid, Anatolia, Balkans X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5324 The Archie Bunker Effect: Why Don't We Confront Prejudice? Keenan Jenkins, Paschal Sheeran Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Confronting prejudice is an effective way of reducing prejudice (e.g., Czopp et al., 2006). However, when given the opportunity to do so, people rarely confront prejudice (e.g., Dickter & Newton, 2013; Kawakami et al., 2009). The current study examined three possible explanations for failing to confront observed prejudice: 1) Is it impolite to confront? 2) Is the perpetrator not seen as prejudiced? 3) Do we think the perpetrator cannot change his attitudes? One hundred ninety White participants were randomly assigned to read a scenario in which either a young White person (23-years old) or an older White person (74-years old) makes a prejudiced comment. Participants who read about the older person’s prejudiced comments reported being less likely to confront, t (156) = 2.66, p = .01. Further, those who read about the older person’s prejudiced comments were more likely to believe that confronting was a violation of politeness norms, less likely to rate the perpetrator as prejudiced, and less likely to believe that prejudiced attitudes are malleable; all ts > 2.55, all ps < .05. However, when all three aforementioned explanations were tested as simultaneous mediators, only participants’ judgment of politeness norms significantly mediated the effect of perpetrator age on likelihood to confront prejudice (indirect effect: b = -0.24, 95% CI: 0.48, -0.10). These results suggest that people may fail to confront prejudice because they believe it is impolite to confront, despite the potential benefits of confronting (e.g., decreased prejudice). Keywords: Social psychology, prejudice, norms, age X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5325 The Effect of Goal and Implementation Intentions on Confronting Prejudice Keenan Jenkins, Paschal Sheeran Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Background: Past research has shown that confronting racial prejudice is an effective way to curtail future acts of prejudice (e.g., Czopp et al., 2006). However, research also suggests that people often fail to confront observed prejudice when given the opportunity (e.g., Dickter & Newton, 2013). The current study examined the effect of goal intentions and implementation intentions on confronting prejudice. Implementation intentions are if-then plans that link goal intentions (e.g., “I intend to confront prejudice!”) to a critical situation and a response that will help to achieve that goal (e.g., “If I hear someone make a prejudiced remark, then I will calmly confront by asking, ‘What did you mean by that?’”). Methods: Ninety-five White participants completed two sessions. In session 1, participants completed a survey in which they received either a goal intention (n = 32) to confront prejudice, an implementation intention (n = 29) to confront prejudice, or no intention (n = 34). In session 2, participants were told they were in a “group-decision making study.” During the study, a White confederate made a prejudiced remark about a Black confederate who was not in the room. Participants’ responses were videotaped. Results: Confronting was more common in the goal intention condition (43.8%) than in the implementation intention condition (24.1%) or control condition (20.5%); this difference was marginally significant, χ2 (2)= 4.83, n = 95, p = .08. These results suggest that forming and internalizing the goal to confront prejudice makes confrontation more likely. Keywords: Social psychology; prejudice; goals; implementation intentions X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5326 The Theory of Mind for Gifted Individuals Filiz KARADAĞ, Alev GİRLİ Dokuz Eylul University Buca Faculty of Education The theory of mind is defined as the understanding of others’ beliefs, emotions and thoughts. The false belief tests which are used to determine the level of theory of mind, based on commenting what others’ think. To create such a cause-result relationship is important to describe the complex circumstances which exist natural social interaction. Gifted individuals have high ability to manage novelty as a new task or a new situation and have superior cognitive skills. At the same time giftedness includes transforming a new task to an automatic task by intellectual ability that provides coping with new tasks and situations. As the literature the relationship between theory of mind and giftedness needs to be examined in terms of both views: social and cognitive fields. The aim of this study is to determine the theory of mind levels of gifted individuals and to examine the difference between gifted and regular developed pupils. The sample of the study is 22 gifted and 16 regular developed students from 6,7,8th grades. To collect the data “Strange Stories Test” and “Eye Test” are used from advanced level test of theory of mind tests. The “Strange Stories Test” which developed by Happe (1994) consist 28 short stories which aim measure the ability of metalizing. The “Eye Test” which is developed by Baron-Cohen (1995) consist 28 eye images that aim to make experimental choose the emotion expression from the given options. The data of the study has a normal distribution, for this reason T-Test is used in the analysis. As the results of the analysis there is no significant difference between the levels of theory of mind of gifted and regular developed individuals. Keywords: theory of mind, giftedness, strange stories, eye test X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5328 The Metaphor Perceptions of Pre-service Teachers for “Gifted Children” Filiz KARADAĞ, Vesile YILDIZ DEMİRTAŞ, Halil ÖZTÜRK Dokuz Eylul University Buca Faculty of Education Metaphors have become an important communication tool for cases that definitions are inadequate and the expression should be strengthened. Metaphors enable to see a definite concept or phenomenon as a different concept or phenomenon by transferring individuals’ conscious perception style into another perception style. So, while the defining and commenting process of concepts are getting easy, how the concepts are perceived comes into surface. Gifted or giftedness concept changed many name in our country in recent years; prior to 2006 it is mentioned as “high intelligence” , but by that year it is called in the title of “giftedness” and by 2013 it has been expressed as “special talent” . In our country, gifted children is defined as showing high performance comparing to their peers in terms of intelligence, creativity, arts, sports, leadership capacity and special academic field. It has been seen that it is important to learn how the pr-service teachers perceive the concept of “gifted child” which changes in terms of scope and name. Because of that, in our study it is aimed to introduce concepts of “gifted child” to pre-service teachers by means of metaphors. In this study phenomenological research method from qualitative research methods is used. In 2015-2016 Educational Year Spring Semester in Dokuz Eylül University pre-service teachers asked for completing the sentence of “Gifted child is like…, because …”.In order to reveal their cognitive images about giftedness. The developed metaphors by the participants has been realized with 5 phases ; coding and eliminating stage, sample metaphor image compile stage, category developing stage, validity and reliability stage and for qualitative data analyzing to transfer the data to SPSS program stage. The implementation of the research has been realized but data analysis is still continued. Findings and results will be presented at the congress in terms of literature. Keywords: metaphor, giftedness, high intelligence, gifted child, teacher X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5330 The Metaphor Perceptions of Special Education Department Pre-service Teachers for “Special Education Teaching” Sıla DOĞMAZ, Vesile YILDIZ DEMİRTAŞ, Halil ÖZTÜRK Dokuz Eylul University Buca Faculty of Education As the literature metaphor is defined as “expressing one concept as phenomenon according to how he/she perceive it by using similes” or “to give another meaning to the word except of its own meaning”. So, metaphors are modeling mechanism of how are individual express himself and how he/she constructs his own world. For this reason, improving creative thinking metaphors method is utilized for planning, developing education program, and couriering to learn. Recently, most f the studies on different disciplines of social sciences are about education. Besides that, while getting teachers and pre-service teachers define their professional perceptions, metaphors are also utilized. Because metaphors provide teachers and pr-service teachers to define their own professional perception, it also provides them to change their thoughts about that issue. It has been observed that pre-service teachers of Special Education Department has different professional perception, between the period of starting to get undergraduate education and the period they get professional experience prior to their gradation. Thus, in this study it is aimed to introduce concepts of “special education teaching” to Special Education Department pre-service teachers by means of metaphors. In this study phenomenological research method from qualitative research methods is used. In 2015-2016 Educational Year Spring Semester in Dokuz Eylül University 2 and 4 grades Special Education Department pre-service teachers asked for completing the sentence of “Special Education teaching is…, because …”.In order to reveal their cognitive images about giftedness. The developed metaphors by the participants has been realized with 5 phases ; coding and eliminating stage, sample metaphor image compile stage, category developing stage, validity and reliability stage and for qualitative data analyzing to transfer the data to SPSS program stage. The implementation of the research has been realized but data analysis is still continued. Findings and results will be presented at the congress in terms of literature. Keywords: special education, metaphor, special education teaching, mental retardation teaching X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5331 The Views about Utilizing the Diagram Method to Solve Verbal Mathematical Problems for Student with Learning Disabilities Sıla DOĞMAZ, Alev GİRLİ, Burak KARABEY Dokuz Eylul University Buca Faculty of Education There is an important between the academically success and cognitive abilities of student with learning disabilities, and this difference continues to happen though the child has any inability and has appropriate learning experience. One of the field that the children with learning disabilities have problem is the ability of “solving problems”. Many cognitive models have been created for problem solving process. One of these methods is the diagram method which focuses on distinguishing the solving process into simple stages. In diagram method, the students are required to determine what are the issued and what are asked and what are the mathematical operations are for solving the problem. In our country, no study about views of teacher who will provide education to the students with learning disabilities on alternative methods for teaching mathematic. It has been observed that in order to put forth the matters encountered and the offer solutions more studies should be operated. The aim of the study is to define whether the diagram method is effective on students with learning disabilities about verbal problem solving abilities for mathematic. The study has been accomplished with semi-structured interview method. The study is accomplished with 6 teachers who get training about utilizing diagram method and 22 students with learning disabilities and get education form teachers. Semi- structured interview forms used to determine the efficiency of using diagram method for solving problems. Teacher interview form consist of 9, student interview form consist 18 items. Research implementation has been done but the data analysis is still processed. Findings and results will be presented in the congress in terms of literature. Keywords: teaching mathematic, diagram method, learning disability, problem solving X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5334 ‘New Woman’ Type In the Novel Genç Kız Kalbi of Mehmet Rauf Mehmet Bakır Sengul Assistant Professor Department of Turkish Language and Literature, Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis, Turkey Adventure of Westernization in Turkey has a long history. Changes/ Westernization in social, political, cultural and economic fields reaches to an important point with the Tanzimat. Society of Turkey enters a new period of civilization starting with the Tanzimat. Westernization in the field of literature began with the Tanzimat literature and with Servet-i Fünun literature reached its peak. During this period, successful examples of Western literature types are produced. In particular, novel has gained a Western style. This literary form novel has become both witness and pioneer of Westernization process. The most obvious reflection of the Westernization process in the period novel takes place over the phenomenon of woman. Women have become the object of westernization both in social life and novels. Mehmet Rauf is one of the prominent novelists of Servet-i Fünun literature. Rauf published women's magazines Mehasin and Süs. In his works he often dealt with issues of love and women. Sadness and pessimism are the common themes of the author and this coincides with the general literary concept of Servet-i Fünun group. The author, in his works, especially portrays romantic feelings, dreams, love and music. Love and music are raison d’être of each other. Especially the piano is a symbol of both aesthetic sensitivity and westernization. The novel Genç Kız Kalbi (Heart of a Young Girl) of Mehmet Rauf was published in 1912. In the novel themes such as phenomenon of Westernization, cultural differences and women's rights are dealt with. Women's rights are one of the most important themes in the novel. The fact that women don’t have equal rights with men in Turkey causes unjust treatment of women and this is reflected as unacceptable situation. The focus of the novel Pervin is spokesperson of the author. She is a young girl with ideas far ahead of his time on women's rights. Her ideas and demands constitute an approach that shakes the grounds of sexoriented society. Throughout the novel Pervin claims women’s righst and never gives up. Considering the values of that period this approach is valuable. Keywords: Mehmet Rauf, Genç Kız Kalbi, Women’s Rights, Patriarchy. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5335 INSTAGRAM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE USES AND GRATIFICATIONS APPROACH: SELCUK UNIVERSITY EXAMPLE Havva Nur TARAKCI, Nagihan Tufan YENİÇIKTI Departmennt of Public Relations and Publicity, Communication Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey Internet technology has provided using social media more actively with the development of 2.0 technology in 2000’s, reached inclusive points for people from all strata and, this stiuation potentiate social media’s power for the better. Nowadays as a naturally social being, human maintains communicate and sustain tendency by the social media applications on different media. Social media applications have gained an important place in our life with the proliferation of internet and smart phone’s coming into our lifes. As a social media application Instagram remarks in terms of enabling taking/sharing quality photographs by smart phones and providing ease of use by integration with other social media applications and, shows increase at user count. In communication researches, there have always been tried to explain in which needs the users use the mass media. In the uses and gratifications approach that was developed for persons’ use of media, the question of what mass media “do to persons” does not master but the question of what persons “do with it” does and, it is accepted that persons as active audiences gravitate to mass media in order to gain spesific motivations and satisfy their spesific needs. In this study in the context of the Uses and Gratifications approach, defining persons’ Instagram usage behaviors and motivations and, displaying what needs have been tried to satisfy with use of Instagram are aimed. Although there have been done a lot of scientific researches on defining social media usage motivations, this study reaches significance for the studies based on Instagram are poor. Keywords: Instagram, Uses and Gratifications Approach, Motivation X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5336 The Soteriological Aspect of Fountain Construction in Modern Turkish Society Ramazan Adıbelli Associate Professor Erciyes Üniversitesi, İlahiyat Fakültesi, 38 039 Kayseri, Turkey Endowing money for the construction of a fountain and a water supply line to it was an act of piety which played an important role in Ottoman life. Fountains were diverse, both as regards their structures and their functions. Besides providing water which is one of the most fundamental elements for the preservation of life and the maintenance of daily and religious life, fountains were a source of good deed for the builders of these edifices. As built forms fountains are significant in that they contribute much to our understanding about the values, the political structure, the family relations, the art, and especially the otherworldly views and expectations of the people who created them. Among other pious acts the characteristic feature of fountains is the inscriptions they carry. Fountains represent a cultural link between the Ottoman era and the modern Turkish society. In the beginning of the 2000’s the emergence of new fountains in the urban landscape of many Turkish cities recalled this link. Build on a sidewalk, in the courtyard of a school, in a cemetery or in a park etc. and supplied with the water supply network of the municipality, these new fountains seems to be reduced to a main function: providing salvation for the people. Based on a fieldwork carried out in many Turkish cities, the aim of this paper is to analyze the soteriological aspect of fountain construction in modern Turkish society and to present the relations between fountains, their benefactors and their beliefs related to the afterlife and how these beliefs reflate the social and familial relations of people. This survey will also emphasize the vital role of water in enabling this system. Keywords: Fountains, Soteriology, Modern Turkish Society, Water X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5338 Destructive Deviance in Organizational Behavior Ognyen Ridic, Abdul Wahab Aidoo Hrasnička cesta 15, 71210 Ilidža, Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina Recently, the number of reported cases of unethical and deviant practices in organizations have encouraged us to embark on further research into this field. Deviant behavior in the workplace has been divided into two forms, that is, constructive and destructive deviant behaviors. Constructive deviant behavior is seen as unethical behavior that draws positive outcome, such as whistle-blowing. Destructive deviant behavior, on the other hand, is seen as unethical behavior that draws negative outcome, such as deception and stealing. The research problem of this peer-review article is to review the causes and effects of destructive behavior in organizations. Social disintegration, loss of capital and human skills are some of the recognized outcomes of destructive deviant behavior. For the methodology of this study article, secondary sources of data were drawn from peer-review articles and literature. The data (from books, internet publications, journal articles, and etc.) was analyzed to elicit conclusion and offer recommendations for future studies. This research concludes that the occurrence of deviant behavior imparts a chain of worrying negative outcome into the workplace. The underlying effect is a reduction in the job performance of workers. Evidence of these negative outcomes is eminent if management fails to establish the necessary policy and procedure to curb the activators of this phenomena. Keywords: destructive deviance, constructive deviance, organization, cost, job performance X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5340 Racist Discrimination and Xenophobia on Media: Presentation of Syrian Refugees in Turkish Press Hülya Öztekin Assistant Professor Communication Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey After civil war in Syria began in 2011, millions of Syrians have left their county because of conflicts and poor conditions, and migrated to various countries, especially neighboring countries. Turkey is one of these countries. According to data of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), number of registered Syrian refugees in Turkey is 2 million 715 thousand 789 as of 3 March 2016. Only 272 thousand 439 Syrian refugees are living in temporary protection centers that have been established in 10 provinces by Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD). The other part of Syrian refugees are living in various provinces of Turkey. Some social, cultural and economic problems are being experienced in the process of integration into Turkey of Syrian refugees. In addition, Turkish people’s exclusionary and discriminatory approach towards the Syrian refugees are exacerbating the existing problems. In the formation and becoming prevalent of exclusionary and discriminatory attitudes towards the Syrian refugees, the role of media is greater. Negative characterizations as ‘illegal, criminal, thief, murderer’ about Syrian refugees on the media are becoming prevalent and reinforcing prejudices and xenophobia in the public opinion. In this study, Turkish press’ racist and xenophobic discourse about Syrian refugees in July-August 2014 period when ‘We don’t want Syrian’ campaigns have been organized and Syrian refugees have been protested in various provinces of Turkey will be analyzed. Keywords: Syrian Refugees in Turkey, Racism, Discrimination, Xenophobia, Turkish Press X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5341 INFOGRAPHICS IN MAGAZINE DESIGN IN VISUAL AND CONTEXTUAL TERMS Amine Refika Zedeli PhD Student KANDILLI MAH. RASATHANE CAD. HIDRELLEZ SOK. NO:3 USKUDAR ISTANBUL "Today, also information sharing become widespread along with the advancing technology. Today's people remain under intense downpour of information with the increase of visual data. In this case, infographics which is the visualization of complex information with a simple and attention-grabbing expression gains more and more importance with each passing day. Infographics printed media emerges in different environments such as internet environment and interactive environment. Infographics design is examined under the environment of magazine publishing in this study. Infographics is discussed with examples in line with the elements and principles of the magazine design. The aim of the study is to provide information about infographic design in magazine environment which is important for visual and written communication in design history." Keywords: infographic, design, magazine X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5342 AN EVALUATION ON THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND TURKEY Melike Erdoğan Assistant Professor Cannakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative , Canakkale, Turkey The right to information is important for transperancy and democratic public administration. The law numbered 4982 Right to Information Act came into force 24 April 2004 in Turkey. The main aim of the law is to make more transperancy and more openness Turkish public administration. For realizing this aim the right to information is given a right both citizens and non citizens. Legal arrangements is made to use this right in the Turkish public administration organizations. Moreover, the Right to Information Evaluation Committee was established to apply for problems in enjoyment the right to information. The main of article is to demonstrate the effectiveness of enjoyment the right to information in Turkey.Firstly, We will give information about the right to information within the framework law. And then, we will evaluate the effectiveness of enjoyment the right to information in connection with the Right to Information Evaluation Committee reports between 2004-2015 in Turkey. Keywords: Right to information, transperancy, openness, Turkey. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5343 A Psychoanalytic Approach To "Pity " in Literature OZGUL SEZER PhD Student hacettepe üniversitesi alman dili ve edebiyatı bölümü ankara türkiye The attitudes and behaviours faced by people with disability in a society are shaped by cultural values acquired by that society. Pity is an emotion that plays always an important role in dealing with those people. In this study, it is aimed primarily to compare this emotion in two different literary books. The purpose of this comparison is to analyse the differences and/or the similarities of "pity" depicted in Stefan Zweig's longest work of fiction, Ungeduld des Herzens (1939), and Hasan Ali Toptaş's first novel Sonsuzluğa Nokta (1993). The common points for these novels are both psychological novels that comprehensively narrate the pity and have characters who can be called as disabled. Toptaş describes the main character with disability as a person pitied by his wife and other people while Zweig tries to write up his main character, the young lieutenant Anton Hofmiller, that feels compassion for a paralytic girl, Fräulein Edith von Kekesfalva. The psychoanalytic literary theory influenced by Sigmund Freud at the beginning of 20. century is applied to interpret both literary works. It is tried through this theory to explain the characters as the object of analysis and how the pith effects the characters and their behaviours and as a result what this emotion leads to in these novels. Keywords: Psychoanalyse, Disability, Pity, Literature, Sonsuzluğa Nokta, Ungeduld des Herzens X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5344 Soft Power On The Context Of Internatıonal Public Relatıons: A Research On Internal Target Group TARIK KODAL Instructor Erciyes University Communication Faculty The increase of countries governed by democracy worldwide, caused goverments to mind their own citizens’ oppinion on the decisions of foreign policies. On this context goverments began to give importance to soft power and intensified the practises to increase soft power of their countries on the public oppinion worldwide. According to this, Turkey also began to increase soft power by the cooperations that recently established.. The awareness level of increasing soft power of Turkey is studied to survey on Turkish citizens and specifically the citizens who live in the city Kayseri by using the program SPSS 16.0. It's tried to bring out how the citizens think in which topics and how much they support the goverment's efforts to increase Turkey's soft power and the private sectors practises. It makes the study original that there is not a research about the internal target group about this topic. It's foreseen that this study can be used as a reference for the further researches. Its' achieved that most of the citizens who attended the research have a very little knowledge about the cooperations which increases soft power of Turkey but they support donations and activities that is made to increase Turkey's soft power . They also think that the works should be increased for the image of Turkey to be more positive worldwide. Keywords: Soft Power, International Public Relations, Public Diplomacy, X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5348 Turkey's Foreign Agricultural Trade ın the Framework of Global Agricultural Trade Liberalization Mehmet Arslanoglu Professor universıty of Uludag,Faculty of Economics (İİBF),Görükle BURSA TURKEY 'Turkey's Foreign Agricultural Trade ın the Framework of Global Agricultural Trade Liberalization'' In this paper,liberalization of agricultural trade will be analysed within the context of the World Trade Organization in order to assess the results of the transformation of the agricultural sector on foreign agricultural trade in developing countries including Turkey. It is observed that the World Trade Organization's Agriculture Agreement will consalidate Turkey's position as a net importing country in terms of agricultural foreign trade in the medium and long term. Despite its natural competitive advantages and its qualitative and quantitative production capasity to ensure food security,Turkey is still a net importing country due to lack of production capacities and efficiency issues in agriculture. Furthermore,Turkey's foreign trade policies also resulting in being a net importing country should also be linked to its agricultural policies. In many developing countries,policies focusing on liberalization could be in conflict with food security,interest of agricultural producers and foreign trade targets.In an economic situation where the food demand is rapidly growing,it is crucial to consider potential problems that could arise from setting agricultural policies solely based on ınternational economic organizations' standart policy requirements. Keywords: Turkey's foreign agricultural trade,World Trade Organization,agriculture agreement,food security X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5350 TRAVEL TO SUFIZM WITH PLASTIC CONNOTATIONS IN MY PICTURES ‘WHITE LLOVE’ Erol KILIÇ Associate Professor Department of Painting, University of Mediteranean, Antalya,Turkey Mysticism and sufism is an important part of our culture. The heritace which are left to our culture by the dervishes with seyr-i süluk who walk in the road of God is not only an heritage but a culturel heritage of time. Mysticism is described with symbolic shapes, objects, writtings and symbols whic are used by Mevlevi, Bektaşi and other sects used in their daily lifes. The most precise graphicsel compositions are found their in places in the pages created wonderful designs meetings white meanings on the pages. These drafts which are also valuable from the aspects of seeming took care of the attention of the contemporary artists and affected creation of their studies. The sufii objects from which I’m affected visually creates images of my studies. The mystic thinging and traces which has images on my thinking are described in my works. The main theme of my long-going study’s thema will be the main charecter of of my study. In this declaration, the maining of images and shapes will be given with mysticism and sufii thinking in my “White Love” study. Keywords: Art and Mysticism, The mains of Mystic Objects, The Mystic Thinging in Picture, İslamic Art. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5352 EXAMINATION OF ONLINE SHOPPING SITES IN TERMS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS Nagihan TUFAN YENİÇIKTI, Havva Nur TARAKCI Department of Public Relations and Publicity, Communication Faculty, Selcuk University, KONYA, TURKEY Precocity of internet technologies has affected organizations like many field and, besides creating a new competitive area for firms, it has supplied a new shopping environment. Consumers has started to preffer more this new shopping environment called online shopping than traditional shopping style. This situation has provided showing up some special shopping sites that provide shopping with a limited time and stock in fair price for consumers. These shopping sites need to be different from others in order to compete with each other. So each site serves different outstanding specialities to consumers. Shopping sites that want to be successful in this new environment start to care more public relations activities in order to influence consumers. Organizations’ using websites as a public relations tool provide to be preffered more in increasing competition environment by both spreading their contexts to the masses from different types and geographically far and, providing positive image to them. Accordingly, shopping sites aim to attract more consumer by creating more awareness by the help of such activities as daily campaign number, campaign validity period, gift cards. In this study it is aimed to study and display by content analysis method that the 10 most common used web sites in business in Turkey are determined by evaluating in the sense of customers and, how these care public relations activities and, to what extent they use. In line with this objective, the research “Turkey’s Most Favourite Online Shopping Sites” conducted by “Turkishtime Economy Journal” and “Trendbase” forms the universe and as the result of that research the 10 most common used shopping sites form the sample of this research. These sample firms’ web sites will be studied in terms of public relations. Keywords: Online shopping, Public Relations, Prevate shopping Site X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5355 Importance Of Music Education Lesson On Vısually Impaıred Students In The Undergraduate Program Of Education Of Visually Impaired Ezgi TEKGUL, Nezihe SENTURK Gazi Universitesi The education of people, who are affected by impairment, is certainly as important and necessary as all humanity. Musical education is an important and inseparable part of education that has a broad universe. Just as all steps of education of impaired people, a certain amount of care must be given to their musical education. Musical education also has a very important part in education of the impaired. With a qualified musical education, helping these students achieve abilities like sound discrimination, telling the voices of instruments, keeping rhythm, singing along with voices, attending a song with lyrics or movements or singing alone will benefit them in daily lives as well as their self-expressions. These students can display their talents by their learnings of musical education and that helps improving their self-confidence. For all of these to happen, a well-equipped musical education is essential. Professional competence of the educationist is very important for a productive musical education. The comparison of applications of teachers who has taken “Musical Education of Visually Impaired Students” and “Arts and Aesthetics Education” lessons forms our problem statement. At this research, the approaches of teachers who have taken “Musical Education of Visually Impaired Students” lesson and teachers who have taken “Arts and Aesthetics Education” lessons at the undergrad program of Teacher of Visually Impaired at Gazi University will be the subject of study. Keywords: Education, musical education, special education, education of visually impaired, musical education at the education of visually impaired children X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5356 INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS AND LEARNING MOTIVATIONS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TO THEIR SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT Esma BULUS KIRIKKAYA, Gülşah Bali Faculty of Education, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, TURKEY In this study, whether students’metacognitive awareness and learning motivations varied by gender and grade level and whether there was a significant relationship between their science achievement and their learning motivations andmetacognitive awareness were investigated. The population of the study, which was carried out using relational screening model, consisted of all the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade students studying in schools in the county town of Kelkit in the province of Gümüşhane. Examining the primary and secondary schools located in the town of Kelkit in the province of Gümüşhane, it was determined that there were 9 schools affiliated with the county town and all of these schools were included in the study. 15 randomly selected students were included in the sample for each grade level out of each of the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades in the schools included in the study. Thus, a total of 540 students studying in the specified schools in the spring term of 2014 constituted the sample of the study. In the study, Metacognitive Awareness Inventory Form A, Cronbach-alpha reliability coefficient of which was .64, was used for the metacognitive awareness of the 5th grade students, whereas Form B, Cronbach-alpha reliability coefficient of which was .80, was used for the 6th, 7th 8th and 9th grades. The Cronbach-alpha reliability coefficient of Science Learning Motivation Scale, which was used in the study, was .87. According to the results of the study, the students’ metacognitive awareness levels and learning motivations vary significantly by grade level. In addition, it can be said that there is a moderate significant positive relationship between their learning motivations and their metacognitive awareness levels. Another significant result of the study is that there is a moderate relationship between their science achievement and their metacognitive awareness and learning motivations. Keywords: students’metacognitive awareness, learning motivations, science achievement X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5357 Defining most Important Teacher Competencies: Perspectives of IUS Freshman Students Emina Jeleskovic PhD Student International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka cesta 15, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Teachers are central to education and their role is changing in the modern world. With an increasing focus on improving educational systems and learning outcomes, teacher competencies are high on the agenda. European Commission defines teaching competences as complex combinations of knowledge, skills, understanding, values and attitudes. This paper examines perspectives of freshman students of International University of Sarajevo on teacher competencies. The goal was to identify the most desirable teacher competences at the higher-education institution from the student perspective. In addition, the least desirable/negative characteristics of teachers were also identified. A questionnaire was developed based on extensive literature written on the topic. Students were asked to fill in the questionnaire, whereupon a university teacher competencies model was developed. The model should be used as the guideline for building up effective teaching strategies, improving teacher training curriculum, designing relevant lifelong learning courses, etc. Keywords: competencies, teacher competencies, higher education X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5360 “Analysis of Violence in Health News: Hurriyet,Zaman and Posta newspapers Case Ozlem Dugan Assistant Professor Uşak Üniversitesi,Ankara İzmir Yolu 8.Km 1.Eylül Kampüsü, Uşak/Merkez/Turkey Health is a state of someone’s physical and mental well-being. Health is essential to have a regular life for a person. Unhealthy person can’t do the work in the community, family, and at the workplace. Within that period, the person has to go to a hospital or another healthcare organization. This unhealthy person wishes sensibility from health care personnels and expects workings to clear up the problems about the health. Because of some reasons, the organizations or the health care personnels don’t satisfy the expectations or satisfy them late may cause stress increase of the person. In this case stress may turn into violence. Violence in health is not only associated with health care personnels, patients and patient’s relatives. Also, organization’s work system, patients remaining, being an undermanned organization, social and peripheral factors and in this study we consider important communication problems between patients or patients’ relatives and health care personnels may cause violence. Because of entity of violence in communal living, mass media publish the violence in health inevitably. For this reason, it is very important how positive development and adverse events in the field of health appear on media. The study, written press (Hurriyet, Zaman and Posta newspaper) are formed on an analysis of violence in health news. The extent of the study was determined with the years 2011-2012-2013. To evaluate the news during these years, a coding scale was formed. All achieved news were evaluated with content analysis method using SPSS 15.00 and the findings were commented. As a result, ethics in news reporting and the preparation of the health of violence by considering social responsibility rules, damaging the image of the way in which health care workers reporting and publication of the photos was determined to carry the traces of violence. Keywords: News, Content Analysing, Violence in Helath X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5362 An Investigation: Opinions of individuals on In Vitro Feritization (IVF) Living in North Cyprus Bengü Berkmen Instructor Cyprus International University Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) became a popular method for conceiving a child in recent years. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a type of procedure of ART in which women receive ovulation stimulating drugs, following with the removal of egg cells from the women and sperm cells from men. The egg cells and sperm are then combined in laboratory conditions. Afterwards the fertilized egg is entrenched to the women’s uterus to grow into a pregnancy. There are 12 IVF centers in North Cyprus. This research is used to evaluate IVF knowledge in accordance with the opinion of the people. The research is a qualitative research study. The study group consist of 30 volunteers (19 women, 11 men). Data were obtained using IVF individual evaluation form filled by each individual and focus group interviews and were then analyzed using content analysis. The results of content analysis will be presented later. Keywords: IVF, ART, pregnancy X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5363 Economic Potential of the Alternative Energy Sources Wind Energy Terms of Provinces in Turkey Cluster Partition Model with Evaluation Analyzed Faruk Erinci PhD Student Suleyman Demirel University With each passing day, advancing technology, as the world increases its energy consumption in Turkey and make it difficult to meet the need for energy. However; Our potential is limited in the use of energy resources. Every time the growing energy needs in a rational and to produce the optimum solution and evaluation of alternative energy sources for energy has become inevitable. Solving unlimited energy needs through the use of limited resources is not possible, it is necessary to assess the potential of alternative energy sources at an optimum level. In this study, in terms of wind energy potential of alternative energy sources provinces in Turkey it will be analyzed by cluster partition model with a mathematical algorithm. Provinces of Turkey with the help of the data obtained as a result of the analysis were presented to the use of optimal classification made in terms of wind energy potential. For this purpose, meteorological data obtained from the General Directorate to determine appropriate zones and regions to evaluate the wind power in the province in the light of potential wind energy areas according to their level of importance to the data obtained from the cluster compartment model will be made of the classification of the provinces. When we consider the issue in terms of the results of the study will include further scientific studies and made important findings in terms of the decisions will form the basis of entrepreneurs who want to invest in wind energy field. Keywords: Alternative Energy, Wind Energy, Cluster Partition Model, Optimization, Classification X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5364 The Relation Between Favotirism and Organizational Cynicism MUSTAFA ERDEM, TURGUT GÖNÜL Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Tuşba/Van The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the teachers' perceptions of favoritism and cynicism level for implementation of school administrators. The research is a relational model. The target population is 1299 teachers and the research consists of 242 classroom and branch teachers working in official primary schools attached to the Ministry of Education of Turkey working in the central districts in Van city, in 20152016 education year. In collection data, the scales “Favoritism in School Management” developed by Erdem and Meriç (2011) and ""Organizational Cynicism Scale"" developed by Brandes, Dharwad and Dean's (1999) adapted into Turkish by Karacaoğlu and İnce (2012) were used. For analyzing the data, frequency and percentage for personal information; arithmetic average and standard deviation for the assessment of subscales; gender assessment in the ttest; in branches, in evaluation of seniority and in the number of teachers variable one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. To determine the relationship between favoritism and organizational cynicism Pearson correlation analysis was used. Teachers stated that managers rarely do favoritism. Again, the cynicism of teachers has been at the level of ""disagree"". There is no significant difference in teachers’ considering in planning, coordination, organization, evaluation subscales of favoritism and total score of favoritism additionally in total cynicism according to gender, branches and years of service. When analyzed according to numbers of teachers there is a significant difference in planning, organization, evaluation subscales of favoritism except cynicism and coordination subscales of favoritism. Keywords: Favoritism, Cynicism, School Administrators, Teachers X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5367 Two Practices suggesting the Design Approaches in Historical Environment: Caixa Forum and Museum Der Culturen Nimet CANDAS KAHYA, Melis YAZICI, Oguz KIRCI, Evşen YETİM, Tayfur Emre YAVRU, Mehmet Ali OTYAKMAZ Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Arhitecture, Department of Architecture, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey It is seen that there are two basic ways to put out a new product in the historical environment by approaching in a harmony (!) with and/or contrast (!) to the historical environment. How to put out a new product by approaching in a harmony with the historical environment? How to put out a new product by approaching contrast to the historical environment? Is the former to adopt the data from the historical environment, while the latter is reject them? Are these two approaches diametrically opposite? If one is there, other is not? Could they exist together? If possible, how? In what rate? When two approaches exist together, how the final status should be referred? … are discussed in this study. The topic is handled through two examples in the literature. Caixa Forum and Museum Der Culturen are two intentionally selected examples. These are, at first glance, understood as two examples of design approaches which clearly articulate the historical environments. When the selected examples are read in a more detail, it seems the necessity to reconsider the design approaches for the historical environments. In this study, two examples are tried to read by a deconstructive perspective. The study questioning the historical environment design approaches is complemented by making deep readings. The importance of recognizing the historical environment is emphasized once again with this work. When putting out new products, taking into account the data from the historical environment is an approach to facilitate the work in this area. However, the classifications created by “design approaches for the historical environment” are seen not to explain enough the practice. Keywords: Historical environment, Design approaches, Deconstruction, Caixa Forum, Museum Der Culturen X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5370 A study on the architecture students' disability awareness S. Aybike Ozdag, Reyhan MIDILLI SARI Department of Architecture, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey Architecture is an object that is used to in almost all walks of life regardless age, gender or disablement. Cannot be denied some of them particularly people with disabilities need more attention in assistance in some venues such as in the home, workplace, street, etc. This is the part of an important duty that should be the architect to consider in improving the quality of life for disabled people. But yet in some cases, the needs of disabled people are known when the buildings have been finished. Therefore, the architects are required to afford more sensitivity to this issue related to designing process. Development of empathy should be developed by the architects to obtain the right architectural. As is common knowledge, the appropriate place in the process of developing empathy in the overall designing is architectural school. This paper is intended to tell about disclosure of sensibility of the students who are training in architecture department, urban and regional planning and interior architecture for disablement and build environment via survey. It is expected to show the results how architecture students attach the disablement to their designs. In other words, the study is aimed to show architecture students’ disability awareness. Keywords: disability access, architecture design, awareness X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5371 THE EFFECTS OF 2008 GLOBAL CRISIS AND THE SHADOW BANKING SYSTEM Şahin ÇETİNKAYA Assistant Professor usak üniversitesi İİBF- 1 eylül kampüsü UŞAK/TÜRKİYE In the banking system transactions outside of normal banking is called as shadow banking. Thus it is provided to show the current situation in money markets as unreal. 2008 Global crisis has made the concept of ""shadow banking"" a current issue. This system which is similar to creative accounting or Shadow accounting system can be regarded as an important element which has taken part in the crisis of the world economy. Shadow banking system has been emerged due to constrains of profit marjin and weaker competitive advantages for banks in the financial market whose nature was changed by regulations. The main instruments of shadow banking system are hedge funds, money market mutual funds, derivative instruments and repurchasing agreements markets. Shadow banking, which is a bridge between commercial banks and investment banks, unregulated, has had dominance in securitization market. Commercial banks found more funds with shadow banking transactions and thus lend more credit than standard. Moreover, risk pervades whole financial system instead of one institution by the instrument of shadow banking As a result, banks had more activity/transaction volume and more profitability in the financial market. Shadow banking can be considered an actor of the 2008 crisis. Actually commercial banks have used this situation. Due to shadow banking crises has deeped in 2008. International markets have effected negatively. On the other hand shadow banking have many advantages in banking system. It market funds and relaxes the source circulation and increase the reserve currency in the market. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of shadow banking on money markets by discussing its place in 2008 global crisis. Keywords: Shadow Banking, Money Crisis, Banking Crisis, Finance Markets X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5373 AN INVESTIGATION OF GREEN PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR AMONG MOTHERS Leyla Leblebici Kocer Assistant Professor Erciyes University, leyla@erciyes.edu.tr Increasing awareness on the environmental problems, consumers are more sensitive towards green companies and green products when making their purchasing decisions. And also they are effectively trying to reduce their impact on the environment. Mothers, who trains the future environmentaly sensitive children supposed to have a different attitude and behaviour which enables them to reflect on their choice of green products and services. This research empirically investigate whether ecological knowledge, purchase intention and personal affective responses are factors which influence mothers green purchase behaviour. A survey was applied to mothers which are the members of a mothers group on facebook. Structural equation modelling was applied to test the research hypotheses. The analysis result confirms that the purchase intention and personal affective responses are significant in determining mothers green purchase behaviour but ecological knowledge isn’t have an significant effect on mothers purchase behaviour. Keywords: Green Purchase Behaviour, Ecological Knowledge, Green Products, Mothers. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5374 Developing the scale of decision making by internet in pregnancy: Psychometric Testing Ayşe Koyun, Gizem Erbektaş Afyon Kocatepe University This research was conducted to develop the scale of decision making by internet in pregnancy. This study is methodological research. Psychometric phase of the study was carried out selected using non-random sampling 276 pregnant women who diagnosis, treatment, and follow coming to the Afyon Kocatepe University Research And Training Hospital between March 1-30, 2016. Data were collected using the advertisement form and scale of decision making by internet in pregnancy. The 5-point Likert scale validity and reliability test results are as follows: Content validity index based on expert opinion was 0,98. Exploratory factor analysis of the scale factor loadings were above 0,40; description of variance ratio was 51,5% were determined. The building of the scale was two-dimensional with 13-item. The Cronbach's alpha (α) reliability coefficients was 0,86. The SpearmanBrown Coefficient was 0,92. It is proposed that using the scale to measure decision making by internet in pregnancy. Keywords: Decision making, Internet, Psychometric Testing X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5375 A Research on Access to Educational Opportunities In Disadvantageous Rural Areas : The Case of Elbistan District of Kahramanmaraş Province ESEN ORUC, Murat Sayili, Sirin Altun Gaziosmanpasa Unv. Agricultural Faculty Department of Agricultural Economy The aim of this study, in a region which is disadvantageous with regard to access to social services, is to reveal educational opportunities and problems according to people’s observations and considerations who they live in the rural region. The study covers 8 villages in Elbitan district of Kahramanmaraş Province. In the selected villages, survey was conducted with 110 households. According to results, there are in the some of villages elementary school. There aren’t highscholl any village. In the nearby village of section half are not provided teacher continuity. Keywords: Education, Rural Area, Rural Population X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5379 The Job Satisfaction Levels of Personnel Working at 4-Star and 5-Star Accommodation Businesses: The Case of Alanya ATEŞ BAYAZIT HAYTA Associate Professor Department of Banking and Insurance, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey For businesses to survive in a highly competitive environment and overcome the rivalry with other businesses, they need to have happy employees and keep them within the business. This is possible only by making employees satisfied with their jobs. In this regard, this study aims at revealing the job satisfaction levels of personnel working at 4 or 5-star hotels in Alanya district of Antalya province, which is a touristic region. This study is also an attempt to find out the relationship between job satisfaction level and educational background, the department one works in, and the period of service. Hence, 554 employees that were voluntary to participate in the study were selected via random sampling method. Data were collected via a survey form consisting of two sections. The first section of the survey includes questions aimed at revealing the demographic and economic statuses of the participants. The second section includes Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, which is a 5-point Likert type scale made up of 20 items. SPSS 22 for Windows was used to analyze the data obtained from the participants. At the end of the statistical analyses, it was seen that there were significant differences between the employees working at four or five-star accommodation businesses in terms of job satisfaction by educational background, monthly income, and department (p<.01). However, no significant difference was detected between the employees by the period of service in the most recent business they have worked for (p>.05). Keywords: Accommodation business, employee, job satisfaction, productivity, service quality. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5381 Self Portraits of Frida: Mexican Cultural Context Between the Accident and Diego Tugba Batuhan PhD Student 600 W. College Avenue Tallahassee, FL 32306 Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón was born on July 6, 1907. Frida did not have an ordinary life. Two turning points changed Frida’s life that is the car accident and Diego, Mexican cultural context are placed between two turning points. She faced blow on her right leg in 1918. She had an accident in 1925 that caused nonstop pain in her entire life. Frida Kahlo got married with Diego Rivera in 1929. Rivera was the mentor and inspirer for her painting because of his artistic experiences and the huge age gap between two. Rivera is not a disregard and unchangeable figure on Frida’s life and art works as well as nationalistic elements. Frida Kahlo represents national identity and indigenous spirit with her manner of dressing and its exhibition on the paintings. Painting was a way to earn live at the beginning of her artistic life. Later on, painting is a life style for Frida, she lost three children and different health problems made her life worse, however, she fulfills her life with painting. Kahlo who painted her first self-portrait in 1926 until she died in 1954 produced more than one hundred images. Each self-portrait is an explanation of Frida’s within different aspect without repetition. The self-portrait means identity of entirely herself with each point of her face. Frida Kahlo’s her own self-images point out interconnection between herself and political messages. In this paper, I will discuss what the parallelism is between nationalism and Rivera’s effects and how they influenced Frida Kahlo’s self-portraits. Keywords: Frida Kahlo, Self-Portraits, Nationalism, X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5384 The Use of Smart Board on German Lectures as Foreign Language: The Example of German Language Teaching Department at the Faculty of Education, University of Anadolu Ahmet Tanır Instructor Department of German Language, University of Anadolu, Eskişehir, Turkey Today smart boards occupy a central position in the area of education in Turkey, especially in foreign language teaching. The smart boards are called as digital boards, which are connected to a computer. They can make possible to store the informations on board concerning the lectures and to use them again in a later lesson. The aim of this study is to uncover the views of the lecturers and students in the German Language Teaching Department at Anadolu University. The participants of the study consist of 100 students in the academic year 2015-2016. Research data was obtained with the five-point Likert type survey prepared by the researcher. The questionnaire consists of 10 questions and is designed to determine the students’ views. The questionnaire is basically closed-ended type that consists of the usage of smart board, its characteristics, the students’ motivation in lectures and the implementation phases of the smart board materials during the lectures. . In addition it is prepared by means of literature analyzing and expert views. In the research it is proved that using of smart board aided classroom interaction in a positive way and it also helped learning German as a foreign language. As a result of the research it can be well approved that smart board usage has been occurred positive influences on the students at German Language Teaching Department and has increased the participation of the students in lectures. Keywords: The use of smart board, survey, German lectures, foreign language X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5387 Intercultural Sensitivity Awareness among IUS Students Nudzejma Obralic Assistant Professor English Language and Literature Department, Hrasnicka cesta 15, Sarajevo With increasing globalization knowledge became one of the most precious valued goods. Thus, individuals are seeking knowledge all around the world. For this reason, the continuous exchange with other cultures is evident. The purpose of our study is to define intercultural sensitivity and its impact on learning process within the scope of international environment: interaction engagement, respect for cultural differences, interaction confidence, interaction enjoyment and interaction attentiveness. The study was conducted among 30 (N=30) students at the International University in Sarajevo during 2015/2016 academic year. The questionnaire designed by Chen & Starosta (2000) was delivered to students. The research methodology used for this study was quantitative method. We believe that this study will broaden the spectrum of cross-cultural awareness among university students. Keywords: Intercultural sensitivity, cultural awareness, interaction X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5389 Understanding flag visualisation as an interdisciplinary subject. Ali Muhammet Bayraktaroğlu Professor Trakya Üniversitesi, Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi, Karaağaç - Edirne The paper aims at considering characteristics from one main field of contemporary visual studies: Understanding flag visualization as an interdisciplinary subject. Nowadays an intersemiotic resource that is greatly shaped by processes of computer based technological improvements. As we know it was photographing subjects variety of techniques turned into making objects on computers based on software programs. ın this case understanding and/or reading the visuals has become integral to social scientific work on the social studies. Therefore this paper draws on a study of how flag image is used via photographs on printed media. Moreover this project is interested in assessing how the intersemiotic grammars of using flags’ photographs. Keywords: photography, intersemiotic, interdisciplinary X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5390 Coding Lived Reality of Life with in Photographs. Berrin Bayraktaroğlu Instructor Trakya Üniversitesi, Şehit Ressam Hasan Rıza Güzel Sanatlar Meslek Yüksek Okulu, Sarayiçi - Edirne Since intelligent communication technology has been enrolled in our lives, lots of things, which are representing reality, needs to be crossed examined weather or not it is about truth. Intelligent technology takes controls of our lives. No matter visual technology how queried is. It is also vital for our sustained lives. Intelligent technology is directing our lives. So that there is a techno addicted human being is occurred. Therefore learning how to see and read visuals helps us widen our visual literacy. This paper focus on coding lived reality of life with in photographs. Keywords: Photography, Code, Visual Communication, Intersemiotic X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5391 The Control of Networks: Internet Cencorship in Turkey Berna Berkman Koselerli Dr. Department of Radio Television and Cinema, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Türkiye The studies, which accept that new media fosters public discussion and participation, exaggerate the democratic potential of technological innovations. The debate on democracy and new media needs to be considered with a critical approach. The purpose of this study is to reveal the power relations and the controling actions of the actors which are dispersed into new media. The electronic surveillance of states to control the internet’s realm become an oppressive action in an authoritarian regime, besides these tight-political rules can cause both hierarchical and unequal implications among the netizens in a digital platform. The investigation of new media by aspects of critical thought is useful in order to depict how the power relations are interlinking with a decentralized, multilateral and unequal manner in the new media environment. By doing so, the question of ‘who is driven new media?’ is revealed and the linkage between economy politics and the actors that controled the networks can be shown also. With regard to this, an analytical framework is chosen for this study to explore the power relations which is based on a computer-mediated communication. The policies and applications of the AKP government on internet will be viewed and internet cencorship in Turkey will be discussed in this study. New media policies settled by AKP government constrains speech of freedom and democracy. The findings of the present study lead us to understand new media construction in Turkey. Keywords: internet, cencorship, new media policies X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5392 Internal and External Factors behind Iran’s Nuclear Policies and Activities Zeynep Sartepe PhD Student Department of Int.'l Relations, Uludağ University, Turkey This paper examines main motivations behind Iran’s nuclear programme before and after the Islamic Revolution of 1979 from a historical perspective with a particular focus on internal and external dynamics that give rise to emergence and development of its nuclear activities. The answer to question ‘why Iran goes nuclear’ lies in factors such as its threat perception, its search for (inter)national prestige and honor, consensus among the Iranian leaders, elite groups/factions and public to develop its own nuclear programme. Beginning with a civil nuclear cooperation agreement between Iran and the USA in 1957 as part of the United States Atoms for Peace Program, ‘the nuclear option’ was a source of national prestige and a kind of modernization tool for the Shah’s regime. For the USA, Iran as an island of stability, was seen as a bulwark state against the Soviet influence in the Middle East during the Cold War years. The nuclear cooperation between Iran and the USA came to a sudden halt with the Islamic Revolution which turned them into their archenemies. The eight year war with Iraq (1980-88) made the Islamic regime to revive its nuclear activities which later on became an integral part of security politics of Iran. The birth of new ‘nuclear states’ such as Israel, India and Pakistan, the Shiite character of the regime surrounded by a Sunni world, events of 9/11 and the invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq were hugely effective in the acceleration of its activities. The paper ends up with a brief evaluation of the impact of nuclear negotiations between Iran and P5+1 countries and the final agreement (JCPOA) on Iran’s nuclear policies. Keywords: Iran, nuclear programme, security, domestic politics, agreement. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5393 WSIS’ Open Source Software - Hardware Policy and Recommendations in the Context of Free Flow of the Information Ahmet OZTEKIN Assistant Professor Communication Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TURKEY The imbalance in international communication and the free flow of information, have been the subject of debate for many years. As of the 1970s, even if it was provided a progress which was based on NWICO and demands embodied by MacBright report, it wasn't gotten a clear success. After more over the 20 silence years, debate was revived again with Word Summit Information Society (WSIS) which was performed in Geneva in 2003. In this study, it will be discussed that the contribution of open source software and hardware to the free flow of information and WSIS’ policy in this framework. The importance of open source software and hardware will be examined for the underdeveloped countries on access to information, information production and distribution of information and suggestions for solutions will be shared. Previously, although there are numerous studies that have been done about imbalance of information and the free flow of information, this study is gaining importance and becoming different in terms of providing solutions and business on the agenda review WSIS within the framework open source software and hardware in the context of free flow of information. In this study, the views and suggestions of institutions and organizations related activities will be analyzed by surveying. In the light of information obtained as a result of the analysis, recommendations for the future of open source software and hardware will be ordered by explaining relationship between imbalance of information of open source software and hardware and free flow of information, too. Keywords: WSIS, Open Source, International Communication, Free Flow of the Information, Information Imbalance X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5394 The Effects of Arab Spring on Economic Performance in MENA Countries Ibrahim Al, Murat BELKE Assistant Professor Department of Economics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey The Arab Spring was a serious of anti-government protests, uprisings armed rebellions. It started in Tunisia in late 2010 and spread to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) counties through a domino effect. Hence, internal and external conflicts increased in MENA countries. This situation may affect the economy negatively. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of Arab Spring on economic performance in MENA countries for the period 2002-2014. We have used the panel data technics for analyzing. Keywords: Economic Performance, Arab Spring, Conflict, Panel Data. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5395 Visualization of Basic Care Concepts Bundle among Midwifery Students Sibel Erkal İlhan, Serkan Yılmaz, İlknur M. Gönenç, Nazan Çalbayram, Neslihan Yılmaz Sezer University of Ankara Health Science Faculty Introduction: How the knowledge received by learner and how the learner create a scheme in his mind with this knowledge is closely related with learning environment. Preparing remerkable learning environment with rich materials used for course work and supporting the teaching with visual and auditory tools accelerate and facilitate the knowledge in student' minds Systematically and make this process tastefully for learner. According to Archavi (2003) visualization is creation skill, process and product. Explaining the concepts to students can be made by way of visualization. Midwifery is a profession related to care includes many professional concepts. Four basic concepts in Midwifery are health, environment, human and midwifery. And also, another plenty concepts are covered by Midwifery. Scope The aim of this work is providing students to form their care bundles with visualization methods, to explain connections between images and concepts by describing basic professional concepts in Midwifery education. Methods: This work is a descriptive study. Visualization method was used. The universe of the work is composed of beginner 87 students who graduate Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Midwifery in 2015 fall semester. Sampling was not selected and this work compeleted with 76 students who accepted become a part of study. Firstly, 20 hours course about 45 professional concepts were given and later asked them to compose own care concepts in view of these concepts given by lecturers. It is expressed them to combine a image and concept that they choose and also to explain the connections between the image and concept. One week later, concept bundles and images were collected and analyzed. The most used colours and figures were analyzed. Furthermore the concepts presented in care bundle were grouped. Results: Expressions in students' care bundle were divided into four groups. These are; concepts related to ethical issues, concepts related to personality characteristics of a midwife, basic care concepts and professional concepts. The most used concepts related to ethical issues were; privacy (%53.9), equality (%52.6), keep a secret (%51.3), respect for autonomy (%51.3), justice (%50.0) and information (%40.1) respectively. The most used concepts related to personality characteristics of a midwife were; respect (%35.5), optimism (%31.6), keep a promise (%21.1), affection (%18.4), and smiling face (%10.5). The most emphasized basic care concepts were; Midwifery care (%26.4), selfcare (%19.7), help (%17.1), maintaining daily living activities (%14.5) and environment (%13.2) respectively. The most emphasized concepts about profession were; caring (%52.6), confidence (%40.8), doing necessary things (%32.9), emphaty (%23.7) and communication (%14.5). Students were used more than one colour in their images and the most used colours were; green (%50.0), yellow (%48.7), blue (%48.7) and orange (%39.5). Students were used more than one figure in images and these were; nature (%73.7), human (%59.2), object (%42.0) and animal (%14.5). The used figures and colours symbolized the beginning of the life. The expressions of the students about relations between concepts and images were also analyzed. For example, a student used a clock in image expressed image-concepts relation as ""If nobody removed time concept from the life and live all time, then any midwife must not remove these concepts from life and should not jump none of these"". Another student used tree in her image expressed image-concept relation as ""The steadily growing of a tree is propotional to midwife's care principles. All branches of tree means my care"". Conclusion: The selected basic professional concepts were wellbeing provider, selected basic colours were represented life and selected basic figures were life itself. The visualization of the concepts can be succesfully used for Midwifery education. Keywords: Midwifery education, visualization approach X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5396 Do not Disturb: An Investigation of Resisting Secondary Task Engagement during Intrusions Bing Chun Lin Assistant Professor College of Administrative Sciences & Economics, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Yolu, Sariyer Intrusions are cessations in task progress due to the onset of a secondary task initiated by a fellow employee. Secondary tasks can range from simple greetings to complex questions. Intrusions have recently been identified as a significant source of stress in the workplace (Lin et al., 2013), and are anticipated to increase with each additional communication technology made available (Turner et al., 2010). However, it is unclear why employees, even when informed about the disruptive nature of intrusions, continue to engage them (i.e., secondary task engagement). We assume resisting secondary task engagement consumes self-regulatory resources, the limited resource used by employees to regulate behavior (see Muraven & Baumeister, 2000). This act of resource consumption has been identified to result in employees stress (see Hobfoll, 1998). We further assume resisting secondary task engagement consumes more self-regulatory resources than simply engaging in the secondary task altogether. Thus, we designed an experiment wherein participants were given a data entry task, and were interrupted every 30 seconds with an instant message. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: One group was instructed to resist engaging the messages, and the other group was told they were free to answer the messages as they wished. We have recently begun data collection (4 of 60), and anticipate finishing data collection in May. Regardless of results, our findings will conclusively determine whether simply telling employees to resist engaging their secondary tasks is an effective means of alleviating the disruption of intrusions. Keywords: Intrusions, Wellness, Performance X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5398 Labour Life of the İmmigrant Workers: Sample of Visual Analysis Through Germany Selen KOCAK PhD Student Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyoloji Bölümü, Beytepe Kampüsü Çankaya/Ankara Labor migration from Turkey to West Europe started in 1960s with the labor demand from West European countries; however, several migrant related problems occurred when these workers stayed there for a long time or even permanently. These problems also influenced field of art, and many movies were produced focusing on migration in Turkish cinema. This article studies the labor life of the immigrant workers in Germany via movies "Almanya Aci Vatan" and "Gurbetçi Saban", which are movies about the first period of the migration. In this study was used theory-based qualitative methodology, the movies were analyzed via visual analysis method. At the end of the movie analysis, it was concluded that the immigrant workers were thinking they were making production for the German and that they were working in inhuman conditions with a low payment, afraid of a dismissal; while there were immigrants who established their own business and became the employer. Keywords: Migration, visual analysis, labour life of the immigrant workers X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5399 A Review On Mediation Practices In Turkey In Terms Of The Code No. 6325 Akin Unal Assistant Professor Faculty of Law, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey The implementations of mediation in today’s context have become widespread in America by 1970s and in Europe by 1990s.As to Turkey, it had been started to talk and discuss about it widely by 2008s, and ultimately as a separate code,“the Mediation Code in Civil Disagreements(law no. 6325)” has been promulgated in the Official Gazette at June 22, 2012 and has took into force a year later.Following the Code,“the Mediation By-law in Civil Disagreements” has been issued. After legislative process completed, implementation has been come into enter expediently.In this context,training process of the relevant persons was initiated by the competent education bodies;the matter of being assigned a mediator has been brought about by verbal and written exams.Up to today,in terms of implementations of the mediation,around 2500 implementations have been carried out,in large part of those disagreements had been solved as a result of the mediation method,and it was gained success at the rate of 95%. However, the implementations in this short period have showed that some of articles the Code no.6325 and accordingly the By-Law should be amended. Compulsory mediation is the primary for that amendment studies in question.For the present, the legislative proposal, which is related to compulsory mediation, has been published by the Ministry of Justice. In this study, the issues and implementations created by the Code no.6325 and the deficient issues are going to be analyzed,in particular the issues of whether compulsory mediation is against the Constitution and whether new proposal on mediation is sufficient will be discussed. Keywords: mediation, code 6325, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5401 Instagram advertising: Ad avoidance behaviors of youth GÜLDANE ZENGİN, A. Mücahid Zengin Selcuk Universitesi İletisim Facultesi Kat:3 No:406 Selcuklu/Konya Youth are using social media more than ever. Popular social media sites such Facebook, Twitter and Instagram has become an important contact point for reaching consumers. Although the official, “sponsored” advertising content is something new for the users of Instagram; unofficial advertising is not. Owners of many popular Instagram accounts were posting advertising to their feed for a long time. This study examines young consumers’ ad avoidance behaviors on Instagram, with a focus on the unofficial advertising that popular Instagram users are conducting. Keywords: Social media, advertising, instagram, ad avoidance X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5402 SMS: Still a viable option for reaching youth? A. Mücahid Zengin, Güldane Zengin, Hüseyin Altunbaş Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Fakültesi, Konya Mobile phones present many opportunities for marketers. They are personal devices that are always on, and always close to its owner. Although the combination of mobile internet, smartphones and free to use messaging applications caused a change in the ways of “texting”, any mobile phone is capable of sending and receiving SMS messages. This study examines young consumers’ usage of SMS messaging and their attitudes to SMS marketing. The data is gathered on April 2015; before the regulations of SMS marketing took effect and the issue of unwanted SMS messages was brought to the public attention in Turkey. Keywords: SMS Marketing, Mobile Marketing, Advertising X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5403 Social Workers’ Perception on The Struggle Against Poverty Programmes in Turkey TUĞBA CANBULUT Other Demirkapı Cad. Karabal Sk. Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi Bahçesi içi PK 34740 Bakırköy/İSTANBUL/TÜRKİYE In this study it is aimed to evaluate struggle against poverty programme in Turkey in the context of social workers’ perception as practising in field. It is seemed that; social politics about struggle against poverty are lack of precisely goal of the welfare for needy people. It is more likely to be planned as the name of social and economic support for making their needs sustainable and manageable. As a result of interviews it was observed that the social policy in the Turkey has been presented as a social service in the context of social and economic support as a result of is evaluated that the aspects of feeding class conflict and the dimensions of social and economic support package was tried to manage the poor people, the continuity of the capitalist system and the neoliberal government rather than fighting poverty. In this study, the arriving of the state to the citizens to sustain its hegemony by using social workers is seen the sustainability of poverty, as well, reinforcer of gender roles and inequity of income distribution. Keywords: Struggle Againts Poverty, Social Work, Social Policy X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5405 Affecting Demand Factors in Terms of Use of Health Services: A Field Application CANSER BOZ, HAYDAR SUR Department of Health Management, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey Aim The purpose of this research is to determine the factors that influence the individual health services demand. Method The research is descriptive type. A questionnaire has been used as data collection tool. The study population consists of persons aged 15-65 years residing in Edirne City Center. The systematic sampling method has been used as sampling in the study. The minimum sample size has been determined at 384 people with 5% error to represent populations. Research was completed with 472 valid questionnaires. Findings The items that may affect the demand for health services located in the questionnaire are divided into five groups. Economics factors, the characteristics of health care institutions, physicians' attitudes and behaviors, attitudes and behaviors of nurses and auxiliary staff and the hospital's physical environment constitute the five groups. 52% of those surveyed is women, 31% is a graduate of the license. 34.5% of respondents have revenues in the range of 0-1000 Turkish liras. While 65.7% of respondents seeing him/herself as a middle-income level, 37% stated that they lived in the house for at least 4 persons. According to the results; gender, education level, income level, perception of economic level and first referenced health care provider type have significant differences in the demand for health services. Also, the ranking analysis has been carried out for the factors affecting health care services demand by taking scores given in the likert scale. According to the degree scores, the five groups have been ranked as follows; The doctors' attitudes and behavior, characteristics of the organization's physical environment, attitudes and behaviors of nurses and other health personnel, facilities institutionsa and economic factors. The most important factors affecting the demand for health care services in the items of questionnaire are; cleaning of health care institutions, having the necessary medical equipment for diagnosis and treatment and having adequate laboratory and analysis unit. Results It is essential identifying factors that influence the demand for health care services both the need for assessing the quality and quantity of health services in terms of quality and providing health information to manage proactively. Keywords: Health, Health Demand, Demand X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5406 THE HEALTH INDICATORS ANALYSIS OF OECD COUNTRIES WITH VIKOR METHOD Canser Boz, Haydar Hoşgör Department of Health Management, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey The main objective of this study is to compare the performances of OECD countries by using their health indicators, and determine Turkey's rank among them. The performance analysis of 34 OECD countries have been carried out with VIKOR method, which is one of the a multi-criteria decision making methods. The data were obtained from The Official Websites of World Health Organization (WHO) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) between January 20 and 25, 2016 and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010. The percenage of out of pocket expenditures for health in total consumption, satisfaction level with health services, the growth in health expenditures for 5 years, total expenditure on health as a percentage of GDP, general government expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure, infant mortality per 1.000 live births, life expectancy at birth, maternity mortality per 100.000 live births and density of hospital beds have been used as health performans indicators in the study. The analysis of the acceptable advantage (condition 1) and the acceptable stability (condition 2) results showed that the five countries with the best health indicators were Germany, Austria, Japan, France And New Zealand. The five countries with the poorest health indicators were Mexico, Chile, Hungary, Greece, S. Korea. Turkey is twenty-ninth among all OECD countries according to the health performance. Overall, Turkey's health performance is not very good compared to other OECD countries. Keywords: VIKOR Method, Multi-Criteria Decision Making, Health Indicators, OECD, Turkey X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5407 READABILITY OF BEGINING READERS STORIES BY MUZAFFER İZGÜ Mustafa BİLGEN Assistant Professor Department of Primary Education, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey Readability and understandability of a text are influenced by the length of the syllables, words, and sentences in the text. Readability is very important for the children who have just learned to read and try to improve his reading skill as well. The aim of this study is to examine ten primary school story books by Muzaffer İzgü in terms of syllable, word and sentence length, and readability levels. The formula of Ateşman, which grounds on syllable, word and sentence length and was adopted from Fetsch into Turkish, was used to determine the readability levels of the texts. The present study is based on qualitative research method. The data consists of syllables, words and phrases in ten stories. The data was analyzed by means of Ateşman and readability formula. The results show that average syllable length consists of 2.4 letters, average word length consists of 2.6 syllables, and average sentence length consists of 5.4 words. As a result, it can be concluded that beginning readers by Muzaffer İzgü are suitable for the first and second graders of the primary school. Keywords: readability, child literature, first reading stories, Ateşman X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5408 SOCIAL SECURITY RIGHTS OF FOREIGN EMPLOYEES IN TURKEY Mustafa Cin Assistant Professor Faculty of Law, Karadeniz Technical Universty, Trabzon,Turkey The right to social security is accepted as a human right. After the Second World War, international declarations and agreements regarding to human rights and many constitutions explicitly acknowledged the right to social security. Increase in international economic relations and convenience is effective in increasing the numbers of workers working in foreign countries, and social securities of these people has become a major issue for both national and international arena. Under Turkish laws, foreigners are entitled to social security . Article 60 of Constitution of 1982, states that ‘Everyone has the right to social security’. Social securities of foreigners working in Turkey is regulated by both national laws of Turkey and bilateral and multilateral agreements that Turkey is a party to. According to the Law numbered 5510 Turkish Social Security and General Health Insurance Law, with some exceptions foreign individuals deemed to be insurance holders who are employed an employer through a service contracts. Individuals residing in abroad but working in Turkey whom are working on their own behalf and their own account are subject to social security legislation of their residing country and they are not deemed to be insurance holders. According to this, the relevant provisions of the social security agreement will be applied to the nationalities of the foreign employees of the signature county. This work will examine the rights of social security of the dependent and nondependent foreign employees under the bilateral and multilateral agreements that Turkey is a party to and national laws of Turkey. Keywords: Right to Social Security, Foreign Employees, Social Insurance of Foreign Employees, Agreements on Social Security X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5411 Positioning the Principal in School Social Network: A Research on Leadership Behaviors and School’s Innovative Climate Yasir Armagan, Selahattin Turan PhD Student, Prof. Dr. Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey The one who starts leader- follower relationship, makes up connections, and carries the burden of sustaining the relationship is generally the leader himself/herself. Leadership requires the management of social relations. According to the point of view of social network, in order to understand the efficiency of the leader, it is necessary to look into the position of that leader in wider networks s/he takes place in. The position of the leader in a social network may foster or limit the distribution of information and sources in that social network. Social interaction among individuals at school is seen as a keystone for leadership. When the fact that leadership requires the activation of the social interactions is taken into consideration, the social network of a school can be seen as an important means of communication by which the leader displays his/her effect. In addition, there is a consensus on leadership being important to develop and foster the climate and conditions for innovation. The social network position of the school principal is thought to play a role in the relationship between the leadership behaviours and the perception of innovative school climate. The discourse of “social network position of the school principal” implies three centrality measures as degree, closeness and betweenness. Each measure puts forth related but differing points of view about the position of the school principal in the social network. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between the school principals’ social network positions and leadership behaviours and the school’s innovative climate. Keywords: School principal, social networks, leadership, leadership behaviour, school’s innovative climate X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5412 The Analysis of the Culture Types Regarding the School Using Metaphors and Their Relationship with the Sense of School Belonging Yasir Armagan, Cemil Yücel PhD Student, Prof. Dr. Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey Various studies regarding the classification of organizational culture are found in the literature. In this study, Quin and Cameron’s organizational culture model called as “Competing Values Framework” has been used. In this model, there are four organizational cultures resulting from an axis, -one side of which is labelled as focus within the organization and the other side is labelled as focus outside the organization,- intersecting another axis, -one side of which is labelled as flexibility and dynamism, and the other side is labelled as stability and control-. These culture types are called clan, adhocracy, hierarchy and market culture. The aim of this study is to define the school cultures in middle schools and high schools in Turkey in terms of student perceptions using metaphors within the Competing Values Framework and to reveal what kind of relations exist between these school cultures and the sense of school belonging. Keywords: Competing values framework, organizational culture, metaphor, sense of school belonging. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5413 Ceramic Whistles as Artistic Expression created by the Artists’ Contemporary Perception Ezgi Hakan Verdu Martinez Associate Professor Anadolu University Faculty of Fine Arts Ceramics Department This paper is be based on the ceramic whistles as expressional art objects made by ceramic artsits all over the world, which can be seen as an instrument of communication reflecting cultural characteristics of countries and various cultures by means of social life, significant cultural values, traditions of the local communities by means of the period and locations and the originality. Ceramic whistles as the simplest musical instruments that imitate the sound and forms of nature diversified and developed over time by means of sounds, size and shapes since prehistoric times from Europe to Asia, America, pre-Columbian cultures, also appeared in various civilizations as the ritual objects used in ceremonies. In this sense, ceramic whistles which turn breath into a ritual act as reason of existence of human beings today attracting the attention as the subject of many ceramic artists, and turn into a wide variety of interpretations as art objects in ceramic art. This research is interesting by means of the link between ceramic art and music and would contribute to cultural policies of countries to be aware of associate art communities and contemporary artistic aproaches through traditions, evaluating the contribution of such art objects by means of culture and the link between different disciplines Keywords: ceramic, art, whistle, music, X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5416 Analysis of the Place of Constructivism in Turkish Geography Education Based On Questions in Textbooks Fikret Tuna Associate Professor Department of Geography, Fatih University, Istanbul, Turkey This study aimed to determine the location of the constructivist approach in Turkish secondary geography education through the analysis of questions in textbooks. The main research question of the study is "how much do questions in Turkish geography textbooks support the constructivist approach?". In order to answer this question, Bloom Taxonomy which is used as a worldwide common tool to analyze the suitability of the questions to the constructivist approach was used. The main methodology used in the study was document analysis technique which has been one of the commonly used methods used on specific texts or documents in qualitative researches. In this context, the 10th grade high school geography textbook was selected as a sample and the questions asked in the book were classified according to Bloom Taxonomy in accordance with the document scanning techniques. The results obtained by utilizing a descriptive analysis technique were presented in tables and graphs and some reviews and suggestions have been given. Keywords: Cognitive Level, Bloom Taxonomy, Geography Education, Textbooks, Cognitive Development X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5418 Impacts of Immigration On the New Global Security Concept Murat SİLİNİR Assistant Professor Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü, İİBF, Batman Üniversitesi, Batman, Türkiye Immigration is frequently discussed as one of the most important issues that constitute political, social and cultural agenda, especially on the global scale in recent years. Before Cold War, immigration was being accepted as part of humanitarian, political, cultural and economic spheres, with the today’s multi- layered and complex structure, it is considered more in the framework of security concept. The Results of the September 11 Terrorist Attacks and later “Arab Spring” has transformed the phenomenon of immigration into crucial security issue as new threat. In particular, the rise of global terrorism that is looking religious, it has been one of the critical elements that reinforce this trend. The main objective of this study is to analyze impacts of immigration on the new global security concept that is in the construction process. In this context, first, concepts of immigration, immigrant and global security will be discussed. Second, new global security concept will be examined briefly. In the last part, the phenomenon of immigration will be analyzed in the context of the new global security concept. Keywords: Immıgration, Security, Global Security X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5420 SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE SYRIAN CRISIS ON THE SYIRYAN REFUGEE CHILDREN IN JORDAN Hmoud S. Olimat, Ruba Abu Tarboush Social Sciences Department, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar Purpose: The study aimed at identifying the major psychosocial effects of the Syrian crisis on Syrian Refugee Children in Jordan, and to assess the relationship among these effects with (gender and age of the child, length of stay in Jordan and problems faced in Jordan). Methodology: The study used social survey with questionnaire to collect data from the sample and an in-depth interview with parents. A convenient sample of (100) child and their parents was used. The setting of the study was the agencies and NGOs that provide services to Syrian Refugees in Jordan. Results: Findings showed that the degree of the psychosocial impacts of the Syrian Crisis on children was on average moderate with some variations. In addition, significant inverse correlations were detected between age and the magnitude of the impacts and between the lengths of time in Jordan with those impacts. While no significant differences were found based on sex of the child. Results also indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between the effects of psychological and social effects and the conditions or problems faced by Syrian children in Jordan, with a positive correlation between children benefiting from psychosocial programs and their ability to express their feeling of psychological problems. Recommendations: conduct more in-depth studies with children over the passage of time, and the provision of awareness raising programs and services for Syrian Children and their families in order to alleviate and mitigate the consequences of conflict. Keywords: Syrian Crisis, Syrian Children, Psychosocial impacts of war, refugee children. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5421 Universal Design and Urban Squares: A Case Study of Trabzon Meydan Park, Turkey Reyhan MİDİLLİ SARI, Fatih Yazıcı Department of Architecture, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey Streets, squares, parks, urban open spaces that are important in the formation of cities are vital areas which provide city dwellers to come together, reach and get connect with each other and constitute a society belonging by connecting the city’s function. So, urban squares being vital parts of urban life and used by city dwellers for the purpose of social, cultural, political and commercial needs both in special days and usual days are public areas. Being an important instrument of participation to social life, the urban squares must be discussed carefully in the context of form, function, and spatial organization for the potential users. And also, urban squares have to be equal, accessible, perceptible, secure, and utilizable and offer diversity for the individuals that constitutes the society. At this point, the universal design approach stands out by developing a different perspective for user factor in design and remarks as an approach appreciating the human. Universal design is an approach which adopts an understanding that human who is described as the user don’t have standard characteristics and abilities, which defends that all the products and environment can be used by people as many as possible regardless of age, ability, gender and situation. It also integrates individuals and contributes to the existence in the society. Elders, disables, kids, people who have different measurement like too tall, too short, too weak or too fat, people who have continuous or temporary disease, healthy people, people who lost physical qualification, pregnant, parents that have children and so many different users don’t be parsed with universal design approach, on the contrary they are included in design by an inclusive view. All these people with different abilities and qualifications using the product or environment without hindrance and participating to the social life can be possible only with designs and applications that are considering universal design policy. Urban squares designed in our cities and forming dense areas cause usage and accessible problems in consideration of user variety especially for the elders, disabled and children. From this point of view, the aim of this paper is examining Trabzon Meydan Park and its surroundings, being the city’s most important gathering, socializing and transition zone, in the context of the user variety and universal design approach. In this study, firstly checklists have been created. After, the checklists were filled via on-site monitoring, measurement, observation and photography techniques. The obtained data were transferred to the maps and results were interpreted. In the conclusion, the utility of Trabzon Meydan Park in the context of universal design was commented and suggestions were made Keywords: universal design, urban squares, user factor X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5423 A Study On The Plantar Pressure Variables Of Folk Dancers Ahmet UZUN, Metin KAYA, Latif AYDOS, Mehmet Fatih YÜKSEL, Serdar USLU School of Physical Education and Sport,Akdeniz University,Antalya,Turkey Purpose: the purpose of this study is to analyze the plantar pressure variables of the persons who perform folk dances for a long time. Materials and Methods: 18 male folk dancers (average of age: 22,60±3,1) who play horon and represent Turkey in international area and who do not have feet complaint and 25 male volunteers (average of age: 26.10±2.4) as control group participated in the study. Plantar peak pressure, mean maximal pressure and pressure-time integral measurements of the test subjects have been carried out by using EMED-SF (Novel H, Munich, Germany) plantar pressure analysis system (Pedobarographic analysis). Findings: As a result of the left and right feet 11 contact area measurements of the folk dancers and control group, In the comparison between peak pressure, mean maximal pressure and pressure-time integral values, it has been determined that there are statistically significant differences (P<0.01-0.05) especially between the right foot medial heel and lateral heel. In the comparison of peak pressure of toes, it has been seen that the values of the folk dancers are high in all parameters of both right and left toes and, in the comparison of the mean maximal pressures, it has been seen that the values of the folk dancers are high in the big toe and 2nd toe of the right feet and in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th toes of the left feet. Result: As a result, it can be said that those who are performing horon for long years use especially their toes actively and this situation occurs in accordance with the characteristic feature of horon. Keywords: Folk Dances, Horon, Foot, Plantar, Pressure X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5424 The Changes at Graphic Design in Periods and The Reflections on Thematic Magazines ILTER ALKAN, BAYBORA TEMEL Trakya University, Faculty Of Fine Arts, Edirne, Turkey Graphic design has a more dynamic structure than all other fields of design by virtue of the elements it embodies. This dynamic structure of graphic design renders it a driving force. In order for graphic design to manifest its effect in the most correct and systematic way, it needs to appeal to all the data and fields of communication. And this aspect of graphic design indicates that it constitutes an inseparable whole with communication. In order to evaluate a product of graphic design, one must have a good comprehension of communication culture and knowledge. The purpose of this study is to probe the changes that the designs of actuality and business magazines appealing to high-class, as one of the most effective media organs have undergone in terms of design and content since the 1920’s, and to stress the significant role of visual identity in magazine designs. With this purpose in mind, the method of the study, followed during the preparation process, was grounded essentially on literature review together with descriptive observations and research on the visual and written resources. First, a literature review was conducted so as to examine the concepts of Popular Culture and Capitalism, and how these concepts give shape to design was tried to be propounded. The research is theoretically supported by the arguments of Frankfurt School members, Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer. Keywords: Magazine, Populer Culture, Graphic Design, Capitalizm, Culture Industry X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5426 Investigation of the Disadvantaged Student Performance of Turkey: In The Light of The PISA 2012 Data Mustafa Çağrı Gürbüz, Serhat Özgökçeler, Abdullah Ragıp Ersöz Department of Educational , University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey In the light of the PISA 2012 data, which is The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment, Turkey showed improvement in low performance students between the years 2003 to 2012 and taking place in the same range with countries such as Brazil, Germany and Greece. Disadvantaged students make up a significant part of the aforementioned group also showed a tendency to develop over the years indicated. Although point increase in PISA 2012 applications, it did not demonstrate a statistically significant increase, and therefore does not reflect the truth. Hovewer, Turkey has stagnated during success when compared with other countries even fallen back on some of the topics that have been identified. The students tested by PISA are aged between 15 years are scale six levels and divided into three groups. Low performing students are located at the entrance of this six-digit level. Low performing students are more often immigrants and minority language students also tend to be social economically disadvantages. According to OECD report, increased level in the low performing students have a significant economic gain in the long term. When exceeded the critical threshold of students in OECD member countries, forecast in the coming years it means that the economy will contribute 200 billion USD. In addition, measures will be taken in the fight against low performance, it will ensure the success of the high-level triggered indirectly. If necessary measures are not taken in the low performance of disadvantaged students, it is a risk of dropping out of school and causes the level of education is falling. The purpose of this study is to determine the cause of the increase occurring in disadvantaged students are based PISA 2012 data on low performance between 2003 to 2012 years in Turkey and to develop recommendations for ensuring continued growth is significant statistically. Keywords: Disadvantaged Student, PISA, Low Performer Student, Minority Language, Immigrant Student X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5427 THE HEGEMONY CONCEPT OF ANTONIO GRAMSCI: THE CASE OF SAUDI ARABIA AYDIN AYDIN Assistant Professor Süleyman Demirel University The aim of this study is to determine Saudi Arabia's stance on Arab Springs and how it affects and influence within the framework of Antonio Gramsci's hegemony concept. In order to fulfill this objective Gramsci's views on hegemony, general attitudes of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries during the Arab Spring, and effects of the recent oil prices decline in the Saudi economy will be analyzed. Saudi Arabia has managed to maintain its hegemony through economic power in the Arab Spring. However, the recent events in Middle East has caused to weakening Saudi economy. Eventhough Saudi Arabia government managed to maintain its hegemony and economic power in Arab Spring, due to declining of oil prices Saud Arabia is moving away from economic power and it is not expected to maintain its hegemony in the long run. Keywords: Gramsci, Hegemony, Gulf Countries, Saudi Arabia, Oil Revenues X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5428 To Understand the Subject of the Social Policy on Migration Experinces Fatime Güneş Associate Professor Anadolu Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakultesi Sosyoloji Bolumu Most of the migrants of the urban who don’t own any property and are deprived of the means of reproducing resources of their own and their families’ have lived in deep poverty and have to sustain their lives by depending on assistance. The main aim of this study is to understand the subject of the social policy through migration. This discussion depends on 174 in-debth interviews were held in 13 cities in Turkey. In this presentation, based on the data obtained from this field reasearch, it will be discussed the migration’s experiences of the households who applied the foundations to receive aids. Keywords: Migration, poverty, social policy X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5429 THE FACTORS AFFECTING ACCOUNTING STUDENTS' PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF ULUDAG UNIVERSITY AYLİN POROY ARSOY, TUBA BORA ULUDAG UNIV.IIBF ISLETME BOLUMU GORUKLE KAMPUSU BURSA TURKIYE The academic performance of studenst in higher education attracted many researchers. In earlier literature the academic performance of students has been hypothesized to be a function of several factors such as academic aptitude, past academic performance, motivation, gender and marital status. This study aims to measure the factors that affect academic performance of accounting students in Uludag University, Bursa. Keywords: accounting, academic performance, Uludag University X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5430 Pragmatic failure in EFL learners’ e-mail request to professors TURGAY HAN, Assiye BURGUCU-TAZEGÜL KAFKAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ İNGİLİZ DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI BÖLÜMÜ KARS/TURKEY The purpose of the study is to establish the degree of directness used and the amount and type of lexical modification employed by Turkish students to soften their requests. Direct or unmodified e-mails might be perceived as impolite or lacking politeness and therefore capable of causing pragmatic failure. All participants were Turkish learners of English undergraduate students at an English-medium university. The receivers of the e-mail messages were 2 female lecturers, who were between 38 and 50 years old. They are nonnative speakers of English, however doctorate holders and full-time English teaching lecturers at the same faculty.To collect the data, first of all, the author had contacted with concerned faculty members, asking them to participate and share their students’ emails for the current study by explaining the study in detail and also stating the ethical process. The professors also informed their students about this study, after taking students’ permission, all the data – e-mails were stored. The next stage consisted of creation of e-requests corpus (moves of students’ e-requests), coding the corpus via coding schemes, and ranking it with a rubric. The results revealed that the common tendency of the students’ e-request appealed to direct strategies, with direct questions and want statement the most preferred sub-strategies. Keywords: Pragmatic failures, Turkish EFL learners, emails, politeness X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5434 THE NATION STATE BUILDING EFFORTS REPUBLIC: SOLİDARİST CORPORATİST MODEL OF SOCIETY Ahmet ilyas Assistant Professor University of Batman The nation state comprehension which has emerged since the second term of 19th century in Europe desperated the ottoman intellectual people for not rescuing the Devlet-i Aliyye Fired by the Commitee Of Union and Progress the term modern society closed up themselves to the france followed by ottoman. In the book The Division of Labour in Society (1893) by a french intellectual Durkheim, appearently seem that the social constructions influenced by the solidarity model in which there is no classes but division of labours attracted Ottoman intellectuals narrowly though attracted republicans broadly. These people who had an active role in the establishment of the Turkish Republic, didn’t use the social heritage in order to strengthen the state under the power of army, easy social transitions between social status and a good division of labour but the social engineering to combine the society. For this reason solidarist-korporatizm is seen as a social model. In this work the effects of corporation philosophy on the society in order to form an aggregated society after the national warfare is studied. While working the topic, it is noticed to the rules and practices of the republicans in order to establish general conception on society. Because it is suggested that the practices which studied in the work have an indirect affect both on society and the general conception established economical model. Esspecially the books read by Mustafa Kemal Pasha about soldairizm, underlined parts, solidarizm spirit in İzmir Economics Assembly, Labour Law and Community Laws are studied in this work. Solidarism perceived as mutual support in Ottoman Empire, became official policy with corporation which means rising division of labour in Europa, esspecially after the year 1935. One of the main purpose of the essay is the reveal of the societal model imagined by the he Turkish War of Independence, by the help of publications on the memories and Solidaristcorporationist of the period. This new model tried to be rooted by the Küçük Mecmua magazine, Especially started by the Ziya Gökalp, supported by the intellectual Tekin alp, Necmettin sadık(sadak), Zekeriya sertel. You will find the ideas of writers about Solidaristcorporationist, working in Küçük Mecmua. While working, the ideas of Ziya Gökalp and tekin alp and the Works of Mustafa Nami about solidarizm will be used as the main sources. On the other hand, the book The Division of Labour in Society(1893) written by Durkenheim, called the father of solidarizm is the among of the sources. Finally, the memories of the period about the topic and the works written after 1935 is among the sermonication of the work. Keywords: The nation state, Turkey, history, solidarist-korporatizm, The Ottoman Empire X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5435 Sincere and Strategic Voting in Turkey's Local Elections of 2014 Betul Aydogan Unal Dr. Department of International Relations, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey This study provides the first direct derivation of the size of strategic voting in 2014 local elections and sheds light on the conditions under which voters will vote strategically. In doing so, the study uses ballot level data to infer the extent to which citizens casted their votes for their second-most preferred candidates rather than their most preferred ones. Recent studies have derived these political quantities of interest from sound survey designs and experiments, yet, there is little systematic knowledge on the configuration and characteristics of strategic vs. sincere voting at provincial level in Turkey. By using latest advances in ecological inference and using actual data from the election results from around 174,000 ballots, the study offers the first-cut dataset on the predicted percentage of strategic voting in 2014 local elections. Keywords: voting behavior, elections, Turkey, strategic voting, ecological inference, quantitative methods X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5436 Preschool Teachers’ Attitudes towards Giftedness and Gifted Educatıon Bayram Seyhan, Zeynep Kurtulmuş PhD Student, Yard. Doç. Dr. Preschool Education, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey The aim of the present study is to find out preschool teachers’ teachers’ attitudes towards giftedness and gifted education. The data were collected in spring term of 2014-2015 Education and Training year. The participants were 280 teachers who teach at preschools nursery classesof primary schools, practice schools and kindergardens. As one of the nonrandomized sampling method, purposive sampling method was used to choose the participants of the current study. In the study, descriptive survey model was used. As data collection tools, “Personal Background Form” and “The Scale for Attitude towards Giftedness and Gifted Education” was used. The results showed that preschool teachers had positive attitudes towards specialized services for gifted children, and the needs of gifted children and supporting gifted and talented children. On the other hand, preschool teachers were undecided about creating special ability classes for gifted children. The study revealed that preschool teachers’ attitudes towards the needs of the gifted and talented children and supporting gifted children differed by educational background, types of high school from which teachers graduated, teaching experience with gifted and talented children. It was found that preschool teachers’ attitudes towards specialized services for gifted and talented children differed by educational background and type of high school from which teachers graduated. On the other hand, preschool teachers’ attitudes towards creating special ability classes for gifted and talented children did not differ by any variables. Keywords: Giftedness, Gifted Education, Gifted Children, Preschool Teacher, Attitude X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5438 The views of the secondary school English teachers about the reflections of the decisions taken by the committee meetings of branch teachers on school success Sinem Dal, Pinar YENGİN SARPKAYA Teacher, Associate Prof. Sehit Rifat Tuncbilek Ortaokulu AYDIN This study is a qualitative study carried out to find out the opinions of the secondary school English teachers about the reflections of the decisions taken by the Committee of teachers’ group on school success. The study was implemented between the years 2015 and 2016. The sample consisted of ten teachers who work in two socioeconomically different (one with high and the other with low socioeconomic situation) but successful schools and two socioeconomically different but unsuccessful schools according to the TEOG results of the education year 2014-2015. A semi-structure interview was used to find out how the teachers apply the decisions, if they are teams in their schools and how this affects students’success. A face to face interview was made with the teachers in the schools. As a conclusion of this study it was found that the teachers working in successful schools could apply decisions such as the number of the exams and homework subjects,methods and techniques which will be applied. One of the other important result is that most of the decisions have been remained on the paper and could not catch a chance to be implemented especially by the teachers working in academically unsuccessful schools. In addition it was found that the number of the meetings are inadequate and they ought to be made with the participation of the school directors. With the light of the views of the English teachers working in academically successful and unsuccessful schools, it was found that the effects of committee meetings on the school success to the successful schools is above average. As for unsuccessful schools committee meetings seem to have no benefits as they remain as a matter of form. Keywords: Branch Teachers, Committee of Branch Teachers, Teamwork, Learning Organization X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5441 The Examination of the Settlement Law No 2510 from a Legal Aspect Sadullah ÖZEL Assistant Professor Batman Üniversity, Batman, Turkey One of the elements of a heterogeneous society structure in Turkey is tribalism. After switching to the Republican regime; belongingness, relations and life-styles of individuals living in the tribal order have been incompatible with the purpose of creating a modern state sovereignty and national identity. The idea that the said structure of the tribes has created or may create a public order problem has led the newly formed state authorities to take some tough measures against tribes. As the desired results from the Settlement Measures, which the Republic of Turkey implemented for the first time in 1927, could have not been achieved, the Settlement Law numbered 2510 was enacted in 1934. The main objective in the preparation of the Act was tosuppress the tribal system. Taking the action based on the ""East and Southeast” report prepared by Şükrü KAYA, the Interior Ministry submitted the first draft of the Settlement Law to the Parliament on 2nd ofMay, 1932. During the preparation works of the said law, an article, which includes also “Nomads” and “Gypsies” into the tribes to be resettled, was added to the Law. Consisting of fifty-five articles, the draft law was presented to the Parliament with some slight changes by the Provisional Council on 11th of June, 1934 and adopted on 14h of June,1934. Examination of this Law’s legal framework, reasons and historical background in the light of the 1924 Constitution will assist in solving some of the current problems. Settlement Law no 2510, contains some provisions that are contrary to fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed Under the 1924 Constitution. Following the adoption of the said law, several tribes in Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia Region were forced to migrate to western regions, whereas a lot of families were sent from West to Eastern Regions. The influence of the social shock resulted from the forced migration set forth by the Settlement Law is still continues. The Settlement Law, which was lacking of legitimacy even according to the conditions of that period, has become a thing of the past, however the fault lines created by its earthquake still cause nuisance for the modern Turkey. Keywords: Settlement Law, tribes, 1924 Constitution, forced migration X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5445 The differences among faculty’s perceptions on the quality of communication in universities Barıs Uslu Ar. Gör. Dr. The Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey The purpose of this research is to investigate faculty’s perceptions on the quality of organizational communication and to examine the differences among their perceptions in terms of their personal, professional, and institutional characteristics. Among their characteristics, faculty’s managerial roles deeply influence their communication perceptions due to the freedom of establishing and directing organizational communication practices by their formal authority. Therefore, the impact of managerial roles was eliminated during the analysis by assigning managerial duties as the covariant variable. The data were collected from 776 faculty who work in Turkish public universities via online application of the Organizational Communication Scale after the adaptation to university environment. The level of faculty’s perceptions on the quality of organizational communication was determined by using descriptive analysis, and the quality level of communication in universities is at medium level (Mean: 3.05; sd: .69). The differences among faculty’s organizational communication perceptions were analyzed by performing ANCOVA with including all independent variables together. There are significant differences among faculty’s perceptions in terms of their seniority and the locations of universities (in favor of older faculty and ones from universities in Marmara and Central Anatolia regions). These inequalities among faculty’s communication perceptions may result in the potentially longer personal friendship between managers and older faculty and the well-designed communication channels, especially electronic mediums, as a part of stronger institutionalization in universities of Turkey’s developed regions. Consequently, university managers should operate various events to empower informal interactions with younger faculty and establish functional channels by benefiting new technologies to quicken formal communication in their institutions. Keywords: Communication, Organizational communication, Faculty, Managerial duties, University X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5446 EFFECT OF 4E, 5E AND 7E LEARNING MODELS ON THE ACADEMIC SUCCESSES OF THE STIDENTS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: A META-ANALYSIS STUDY Sadiye Karasah, Suleyman Yaman Master Student Ondokuzmayis universitesi egitim fakultesi b blok In this research, a meta-analysis study has been performed in order to identify the effect of 4E, 5E and 7E learning models on the academic success of students in science courses. Regardless of identifying a certain time interval for the study, scientific studies in Turkey have been scanned, and postgraduate theses, doctoral theses and essays that have been published in refereed journals that are accordance with the objective of the study have been examined. Meta-analyses of total of 32 studies which are suitable for the objective of the study have been carried out. In order to obtain the data of this study, databases of ULAKBIM, ASOS Index and National Thesis Center have been researched. Any assertion that has been presented in scientific activities such as national and international symposiums or congress has not been included in this study. The studies which have been examined for their metaanalysis comprise the experimental application results of 4E, 5E and 7E learning models that are used in science lectures at the level of primary school, secondary school, high school and university. Experimental research designs having pre-test and post-test patterns have been used all across the studies that are within the scope of the study. 4E, 5E and 7E learning models and traditional approaches have been used as independent variables in the study whereas academic success has been used as dependent variable. Effect size analysis has been performed in order to identify the effect of the studies conducted on academic success. The effect size model which has been calculated in this study is a random effects model because of the features of data that have been obtained. In order to determine the effect size, computer-based statistic program has been used and Cohen's d calculation criteria has been taken into consideration in order to test the effect size. Q value which has been calculated in order to identify the homogeneity level of data, demonstrates that the homogeneity of the effect size values that have been obtained in the study is appropriate. Therefore, it proves that statistical techniques used for the analysis provide reliable results. It has been identified that the learning models whose effect sizes on academic success are examined, have stronger effect levels in comparison with traditional methods. The effect size according to publication types have been identified to be from highest to the lowest as follows: postgraduate studies, refereed journals and doctorate studies. The effect sizes of the learning models whose effect has been examined in the study according to education levels, are as follows consecutively: high school, secondary school, primary school and university. It has been concluded that the effect size of the studies whose sample group is composed of maximum 25 people, is higher than the sizes of sample groups composed of 26-50 people or 50-75 people. Furthermore, it has been determined that 5E model has the highest effect size among these three learning models. The study has been completed with various suggestions for people who implement these learning methods. Keywords: 4E, 5E and 7E learning model, meta-analysis, effect size, academic success X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5448 Learned Helplessness on Public Administration Fatih YÜKSEL Professor Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Learned helplessness is the condition in which an individual remains unresponsive after he has been exposed to a series of events which hinder learning. Liable to happen in several environments, this condition can also be seen in business life. The condition of helplessness with its negative effect on the performance of employees is a serious issue that prevents the adequate utilisation of human capital– which is the most important source for institutions. It is possible to encounter with the traces of learned helplessness in public administration which is a part of business life. However, it is observed that no emphasize has been put on the issue in the literature of public administration. In fact, we suggest that such problems in public administration as disinclination to work, doing the tasks and activities perfunctorily, counting the new applications and innovative actions as unnecessary, and not exceeding the routine operation not only underlie learned helplessness but also are the samples of the behaviours and attitudes particular to learned helplessness. Keywords: Public Administration, Learned Helplessness, Public Staff X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5449 Situational Leadership Behaviors Of School Principals Abdurrahman Tanriogen, Zeynep Meral Tanriogen Pamukkale University, Faculty of Education, 20070 Denizli, Turkey The overall objective of the research is to determine the views on the behavior of the leadership of the school principals by Ken Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Model and then develop the recommendations. The population of the research constitutes 176 school principals who work in public schools in Denizli province in 2013-2014 education year. The research sample constitutes 143(%81,25) school principals that are selected by disproportionate element-sampling of school proposals in the population. In the research leadership styles of school principals are measured by Leadership Styles Questionnare that is developed by a private company named Flexible Training Partners Limited and adapted to Turkish by Tanriogen (2014) consists of likert-type 24 articles. Also , demographic variables belonging to school principals are obtained by means of Personal Information Form and used as data. Leadership styles school principals exhibited commonly according to their own perspectives are “coaching”, “supporting” , “delegating” and “directing” leadership style. A significant difference is determined between the views of school principal who get education or not on education management field , related to supporting leadership. The involvement of school principals who got education in the field of education management to the proportion of supporting leadership is higher. A significant difference is not determined between the views of school principals about leadership styles and age , gender , management seniority , type of school and education level variables. Keywords: Leadership Styles, Directing, Coaching, Supporting, Delegating X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5450 Team Leadership Behavior of Vocational High School Principals Abdurrahman Tanriogen, Ahmet Erkan Yıldırım, Zeynep Meral Tanriogen Pamukkale University, Faculty of Education, 20070 Denizli, Turkey As every organization, schools are created to accomplish specific objectives in society. In this sense the general objective of the schools is to educate manpower according to expectations of the society by providing quality education. The teamwork of teachers and administrators at school affects the quality of education. Therefore it requires to determine the point of view of teachers and administrators about teamwork and to draw attention to the importance of teamwork. The teachers and administrators at secondary schools have the aim to ensure preparation of the students to higher education, occupation and business life in terms of their expectations and skills. The objective of this research is to display if team perception of teachers and administrators differ according to their individual property and professional features, to bring out the obstacles of creating an effective team and to remove these obstacles. Keywords: Team Leadership, Teamwork, Vocational High Schools X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5451 Legal Framework and Reflections of Lifelong Learning in Turkey Osman Ferda Beytekin Associate Professor Faculty of Education, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey This paper presents legal framework and reflections of lifelong learning in Turkey and briefly discusses some of the key issues to maintain an ongoing fluency in the application of lifelong learning so that the lifelong learning may play a meaningful role in shaping the future of society and individual. It has been found that the human being since the day of his existence, he must do a number of initiatives in order to survive, and these initiatives have made the inevitable learning as the natural process of life. Therefore, inevitably it means that an individual continues learning since the beginning of his life. Now, thanks to technological advances, immediate access to all information and can be accessed quickly; with economic development, taking shape in the new global economy; with social change, each social system, new forms of communication and are subject to change so as to create new social interactions. Adding to that, the lifelong learning is not the only an individual’s efforts to get it; the societal policies too should play the crucial role in order to make this process accessible to everybody. The societal policies should not just be focused on the social economic development; they should also focus on the provision of personal welfare as well as equipping an individual in order to fit well in the society. Keywords: Lifelong Learning, Reflections, Legal Framework X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5452 The Technological Competences of School Leaders Osman Ferda Beytekin Associate Professor Faculty of Education, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey The paper aims to discuss several technologies from outside the education community that should be considered by school leaders in the education sector. It describes how technology currently is being used by school administrators and teachers and discusses the importance of building technological competences for school leaders. It has been stated that traditional educational management models of the schools are now being challenged by digital technology. Both the competence of educational administrators and the teachers are getting more important in our era in terms of efficiency in educational management, leadership, efficient school development and vision setting. It is clear that an effective school culture and a national success in the field of education can only be achieved by training accomplished and sophisticated education administrators and instructors. There is no doubt that for these education administrators and instructors one of the aspects of being efficient is their technological competence due to the current era that we are in. It is important for school leaders to develop activities using technology, so that leaders are not just using technology for the daily routines, but instead foster the development of meaningful activities that are relevant to success of the schools in the rapid change of the technology. Keywords: School, Leaders, Technological Competences, School Management X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5453 Does Education Kill the Creativity? Zeynep Meral Tanriogen Instructor Dr. Pamukkale University, Faculty of Education 20070 Denizli, Turkey The creativity is to connect two familiar things with an unfamiliar way. Creativity is the ability to exhibit orijinal inventions. The creativity of human nature is related to their education levels. The purpose of this research is to determine whether education kills the creativity or not. In order to collect data, the researcher has been developed a model which applied to the students of faculty ou education. The researcher has explained how the relationships between the two different concepts from different disciplines can be established. Right after this explanation, the students were asked to find two different concepts and show the relationships between them. At the end we have catogorized two groups of students who could realized the relationships and could not. The qualitative research techniques have been employed. Keywords: Creativity, Education, X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5454 The Effects of 4th Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) on Turkish Educational System Zeynep Meral Tanriogen Instructor Dr. Pamukkale University, Faculty of Education 20070 Denizli, Turkey We are at the beginning of a revolution that is fundamentally changing the way we live, work and relate to one another (Schwab,2016). Previous industrial revolutions liberated humankind from animal power, made mass production possible and brought digital capabilities to billions of people. This Fourth Industrial Revolution is, however, fundamentally different. It is characterized by a range of new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, impacting all disciplines, economies and industries, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human. The purpose of this research is to determine the possible effects of Industry 4.0 on Turkish Educational System according to the perceptions of school principals. During the research the eight key concepts of Industry 4.0 including siber-physical systems, vertical-horizontal integration, internet of things, autonomous robots, big data and analytics, cloud based solutions, augmented reality and cyber security have been explained and asked about the possible effects of these key concept on our educational system. In order to categorized the answers of the principals have been shown in tables. The qualitative research techniques have been employed. Keywords: Industry 4.0, Turkish Educational System, Artificial Quotient X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5455 FACULTY'S PERCEPTIONS ABOUT INFORMATICS LEADERSHIP Mehmet Ulutaş Instructor Dr. Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Education, Canakkale, Turkey The aim of this study is to determine faculty's perceptions about informatics leadershıp. This quantitative study has been carried through “scanning method”. The data were analyzed in SPSS 21. ANOVA, t-test techniques were used to find faculty's perceptions. Research was conducted with 994 faculty who work in Turkey. The data of the study were collected with "Informatics Leadership Questionnaire". Results and recommendations have been put forward regarding to the findings of the study. Keywords: Informatics Leadership, University Culture, Higher Education. X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5456 A Research on Learning Styles of Teacher Candidates Hasan Arslan Associate Professor Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Education, Çanakkale, Turkey It is possible to state that, today’s educational systems need to focus on learner centered education philosophy, by taking into account of individual differences, to create an individualized learning process. The learning process, that would be created by this kind of an educational understanding need a hard planning and preparing period. The quest of, by what kind of applications this process could be put into action, leads us directly to the formative regulations of learning-teaching processes (Alkan, 1997). An educational vision which is that depends on the acceptance of individuals who learn differently. An educational structure in which individual differences are at the basis, the acceptance of individuals who learn by using different techniques, brings another value that allows using different instructional techniques (Demirel, 2000). Instructional techniques that would be formatted depending on the individual differences and that are appropriate to the new educational approaches, without no doubt, would sustain the effectiveness of the learning environment, by increasing the participation of the learner . Keywords: Leadership, learning styles X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5457 The process of displaying performance in Foreign Language (English) Learning: An action research Mehmet Ali Icbay, Emre Kocak Assistant Professor In this research, it is aimed to enhance the success of foreign language teaching by use of connections coming in sight via examining the process of displaying performance in foreign language (English) learning period. For this, ‘Action Research’ has been used as a model. The participants of this study are students who study in 9-A class of a high school in Şarköy/ Tekirdağ, students’ parents, teachers who have lessons in 9-A class and the researcher’s himself who has English lessons in 9-A class. In this research, since the confidentiality of participants’ information is protected, the name of the school where the study took place is not used. In order to find the answers of this study’s questions, qualitative data were used. Data collection tools were organized by researcher’s himself by taking account of possibilities and circumstances. That’s why, in this study, video recordings, interviews, observations, research notes, students’ homework and projects and student recognition forms were used. In data analyzing process ‘content analysis’ were used. In consequence of this study, it can be said that instead of classic, grammar based and form focused foreign language teaching system; a foreign language teaching approach in which target language is used in a context, communicative and guided in accordance with linguistic needs is more efficient in term of putting theoretical foreign language knowledge into practice. Depending on the findings, a number of recommendations are suggested from the point of student, teacher, school management and students’ parents. Keywords: language teaching, foreign language learning, learning and performance, action research X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5458 IDENTIFYING EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATORS’ AND SUPERVISORS’ MOTIVATORS AND DE-MOTIVATORS OF LIFE LONG LEARNING PROCESS: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS Mine AGDAC, Benan AGDELEN, Ozgur BATUR The purpose of this research is to identify educational administrators and supervisors’ motivators and de-motivators of lifelong learning process that are currently active in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. In order to reach relevant data, qualitative case study is conducted and the data are gathered through interviews between December 2015 and April 2016 from a study group of 20 participants within the age range of 41 to 65. All of the participants have started their MA and PhD process in their late thirties after an average service of ten years in their major fields. The data are analyzed by using NVivo 10 Qualitative Analysis Software. Findings reveal that the major motivation for late graduate education of the participants have direct connection with their personal desire in learning process and to gain academic competency to be more efficient in their professions. The leading obstacles of the participants to start their graduate education at the beginning of their career are the country’s undesired political and military turmoil, the lack of MA and PhD programs and some personal reasons like financial and family issues. Findings also reveal that the majority of the participants identifies their late graduate education as ‘the right time is now’ depending on their raised awareness, and has led them to be more efficient in terms of academic and social interactions in their professional life. Participants’ expectations from governments and educational policy makers are to supply better circumstances in order to aid motivated learners to accomplish their goals, internalize the lifelong learning process as a governmental issue and set up legislative structures for inservice education for a better fulfillment of the teaching process. Keywords: Lifelong learning, case study, educational administration and supervision X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5459 Risk Culture Vahap Önen, Cengiz Türkoğlu The ICAO Safety Management Manual (Doc 9859) and many other guidance materials published by the regulatory authorities around the world refer to models and frameworks such as‘4 Components of Safety Culture’ (Reason, 1997), Ron Westrum (three categories of organisation culture), ‘Culture Ladder’ (Hudson, 2001) and ‘Just Culture’ model (Dave Marx ‐ Outcome Engenuity, 2015). As a result, the stakeholders in aviation have so far considered only these perspectives in terms of measuring, assessing and developing their safety culture. While these models are valid and – when effectively applied – can have significant impact on organisations’ safety performance, it can be argued that these models seem to be very much focused on collection of past event data, which is inevitably backward looking and they do not specifically aim to explore how risk is perceived and managed at different levels in organisations. Risk Culture’ – on the other hand – has been studied and recognised as an important part of organisation culture, in other risk oriented industries such as financial institutions as well as some safety critical industries. Additionally the role of ‘risk culture’ in overall risk management process is recognised within the ISO 31000:2009 ‘Risk Management – Principles &Guidelines’, which is not a certification standard but used as a guideline by many organisations. The idea of introducing ‘Risk Culture’ as a new component of ‘Safety Culture’ has links with a number of previously mentioned models. The concept of ‘Risk Culture’ may proactively identify Acceptable’ & ‘Unacceptable’ risks by a way of organisational development and learning. Keywords: Safety, Aviaition, Risk, Culture X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5460 İNSAN HAKLARI EVRENSEL BİLDİRGESİNİN GEÇİM ŞARTLARIYLA İLGİLİ DÜZENLEMELERİ AÇISINDAN SOSYAL GÜVENLİĞİN ASGARİ NORMLARINA İLİŞKİN 102 SAYILI ULUSLARARASI SÖZLEŞMENİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ Fehim Üçışık Professor Doğuş University Bu çalışmanın amacı; Şanlıurfa’da faaliyet gösteren özel hastanelerde insan kaynakları seçim süreci ile insan kaynakları niteliği arasındaki ilişkinin varlılığının belirlenmesi olarak tanımlanabilir..Şanlıurfa da faaliyete bulunan özel hastaneler örneklem olarak belirlenmiş 6 özel hastane insan kaynakları yöneticilerine anket metodu uygulanarak, işletmelerin insan kaynakları seçim süreci ile insan kaynakları niteliği arasındaki ilişki belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS 16 yazılımında, frekans,t testi ve Ki kare istatistik analizleri yapılmıştır. İşgücü planlamaları ile çalışan niteliği ve iş analizi ile iş tanımları ile insan kaynakları niteliği arasında bir ilişkinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.İş gerekleri ile çalışan niteliği arasında da bir ilişkinin olduğu belirlenmiştir Keywords: Human resources,human resources prosess ,selection X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5461 Pre-service Music Teachers' Opinions about Teaching Practicum Course Deniz Beste ÇEVİK KILIÇ Associate Professor Balıkesir University This study aimed to determine pre-service music teachers' opinions about the teaching practicum course. The study sample included six pre-service teachers selected from the senior students in the Music Teaching Program of Balıkesir University's Necatibey Education Faculty Fine Arts Teaching Department using purposeful sampling. The study performed a case determination regarding the pre-service music teachers' opinions about the teaching practicum course. The study employed the descriptive research method. The study also used semi-structured interviews, a quantitative data collection method. The data collection tool was created by the researcher. The content validity of the tool and the fitness of the survey questions for the study objective were determined based on expert opinions. The survey was finalized considering the expert opinions. The study results indicated that the pre-service music teachers had difficulty putting basic information into practice, did not have enough opportunity for practicing and had difficulties with classroom management. In addition, the participants stressed that this course made them feel like the teacher of the class, they had the chance to get to know their students better. They were satisfied with the practicum course, which had a positive effect on their professional lives. The study made suggestions based on the study results. Keywords: music education X. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - May 19-22, 2016 Abstract No: 5462 THE CHALLENGES OF INTERNATIONALIZATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION: “HEED THE VOICE OF STUDENTS!” Gülşah Taşçı Kaya, Seyfi KENAN PhD Student, Prof. Dr. In recent years, cross border student mobility is one of the significant strategies in internationalization. In many countries, it comes out as a significant human resource and contributes to the academic, socio-cultural, politic and economic progress and international competition substantially. Especially, the growing importance of Turkey’s strategic location makes the internationalization and international student mobility an important current issue. Within this context, the purpose of this study is to identify the problems that the students at higher education institutions in Turkey experince, those who go abroad within the scope of internationalization (within the scope of Erasmus program) and to present suggestions to solve these problems. This study was conducted with 10 students studying at universities in İstanbul and who went abroad via Erasmus program. In this study, a qualitative research method was used and the students were asked open-ended questions including in face to face interview. The data were collected as voice recordings within 20152016 education years and they were evaluated. The findings gathered within the qualitative study were analysed through categorisation. The views of the students on internationalization’s challenges were grouped into four different categories: (1) : academic, (2) economic, (3) politic, (4) socio-cultural. As the results of this study; the most significant problems were determined as bureaucratic obstacles, foreign language problems, course selection and accreditation problems, socio-cultural problems. Lingual and personal development was identified in all students as the most affective gain of this program. The most significant gained various opportunities were found as cultural awareness, the feeling of being a global citizen, foreign language development, enrichment of curriculum etc. Lastly, it will be given some various suggestions targeted the question of what can be done in order to decrease the challenges encountered in student mobility which is one of the significant dimensions of internationalization. There is no doubt that internationalization will play an increasing role in oppening of Turkish higher education in a much qualitative way to the world in both ways. Keywords: higher education in Turkey, internationalization, challenges, opportunities, Turkish students.

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