Orchids of New Guinea

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Calanthe triplicata

Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames, Philipp. J. Sci., C, 2 (1907) 326

Synonyms:

Orchis triplicata Willemet, Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 18 (1796) 52
- Type: Rumphius s.n. (Moluccas, Ambon) (lost); Neo: Rumphius, Herb. Amboin. 6 (1750) t. 52, fig. 2
Limodorum veratrifolium Willd., Sp. Pl. 4 (1805) 122
- Type: Collector? (India Or.)
Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R.Br., Edwards's Bot. Reg. (1820) sub t. 573 ('578', sphalm), in nota
Alismorchis veratrifolia (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. (1891) 650
Limodorum ventricosum Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 1 (1821) 481
Amblyglottis veratrifolia Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 370
- Type: Blume s.n. (Mt. Salak)
Calanthe furcata Bateman ex Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. (1838) Misc. 28
- Type: Bateman cult. (Cuming) s.n. (Philippines, Luzon) (holo K)
Alismorchis furcata (Bateman ex Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. (1891) 650
Calanthe perrottetii A.Rich., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 15 (1841) 68
- Type: Perrottet s.n. (India, Neilgherries, Avalanchy) (holo P)
Calanthe comosa Rchb.f., Linnaea 19 (1847) 374
- Type: Delessert s.n. (1838, Nilgherries, Kotigherry) (herb. Delessert)
Calanthe odora Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3 (1851) 365
- Type: Griffith 477 (10-IV-1836, Upper Assam, Suddyah)
Alismorchis odora (Griff.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. (1891) 650
Calanthe gracillima Lindl., Folia Orchid. Calanthe (1855) 8
- Type: Beechey s.n. (Society Isl.)
Alismorchis gracillima (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. (1891) 650
Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames var. gracillima (Lindl.) N.Halle, Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 43 (1998) 41
Calanthe catilligera Rchb.f., Bonplandia 5 (1857) 37
- Type: Zollinger 2858
Calanthe angraeciflora Rchb.f., Linnaea 41 (1877) 75
- Type: Deplanche 114 (holo P)
Alismorchis angraeciflora (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. (1891) 650
Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames var. angraeciflora (Rchb.f.) N.Hallé, Fl. Nouv.-Caléd. Dép. 8 (1977) 230
Calanthe proboscidea Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. (1884, I) 476
- Type: Veitch cult. s.n. (Sunda Isl.)
Bletia quadrifida Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5 (1890) 851 (nomen, in synon.)
Calanthe diploxiphion Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5 (1890) 849
- Type: King's collector 6014 (Perak, Larut, Goping) (holo K; iso L)
Alismorchis diploxiphion (Hook.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. (1891) 650
Calanthe engleriana Kraenzl. in K.Schum. & Lauterb., Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Südsee (1905) 142
- Type: Lauterbach 3185 (holo B, lost)
Calanthe matsumurana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2 (1906) 168
- Type: Matsumura s.n. (Ryukyu Arch., Yakunosima) (holo B, lost)
Calanthe nephroglossa Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9 (1911) 99
- Type: Vaupel 413 (holo B, lost)
Calanthe orthocentron Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1912) 380
- Type: Schlechter 18968 (holo B, lost); para: Schlechter 19325 (B, lost; L, S); 19428 (B, lost)
Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R.Br. var. cleistogama Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1912) 380
- Type: Schlechter 19054 (holo B, lost)
Calanthe engleriana Kraenzl. var. brevicalcarata J.J.Sm., Nova Guinea 12, 1 (1913) 11, pl. 3, 6
- Type: Gjellerup 554 (holo BO; iso L)
Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R.Br. var. dupliciloba J.J.Sm., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 5 (1922) 69
- Type: Rutten 124 (Seram: Amahei, Gunung Laimoe) (holo BO; iso L)
Calanthe pubescens Ridl., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew (1923) 117
- Type: Gwynne-Vaughan 261 (holo K)
Calanthe breviflos Ridl., J. Bot. 63 (1925) Suppl. 117
- Type: Forbes 1101 (Java, Tjisupan 3000ft)
Calanthe latissimifolia R.S.Rogers, Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 49 (1925) 258
- Type: Lane-Poole 426a (holo BRI)
Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames var. minahassae Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21 (1925) 177
- Type: Schlechter 20437 (B, lost); 20258 (B, lost; K); Sarrasin 501 (B, lost)
Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R.Br. var. lancipetala J.J.Sm., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 11 (1930) 74
- Type: Lam 2689 (holo L; iso BO 2x)
Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R.Br. var. densissima J.J.Sm., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 11 (1931) 116
- Type: Hallier 2621 (syn L); Endert 1763 (L?)
Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R.Br. var. incurvicalcar J.J.Sm., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 11 (1931) 115
- Type: Endert 1763 (syn L; BO 2x, also alc.); 5232 (syn L; BO 2x, also alc.)
Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R.Br. var. timorensis J.J.Sm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36 (1934) 110
- Type: Walsh 98 (Timor, Rasimetan, Kapan, 950 m) (holo L)

Basionym: Orchis triplicata

A terrestrial plant up to 1.3 m tall. Stems pseudobulbous, hidden by the leaf bases. Leaves plicate, distichous, lanceolate, up to 75 by 16 cm; petiole up to 27 cm long. Inflorescence lateral, arising from the base of the pseudobulb, pyramidal to cylindrical, up to 1.3 m long, many-flowered. Floral bracts persistent, lanceolate, 1.5 by 0.5 cm. Flowers rarely cleistogamous, the sepals and petals finely pubescent on outer surfaces. Median sepal ovate, 0.8-1.4 by 0.5-0.6 cm. Lateral sepals ovate, acuminate, 0.95-1.4 by 0.5-0.6 cm. Petals ovate-elliptic, 0.85-1.4 by 0.4-0.55 cm. Lip 3-lobed, appearing 4-lobed because of the bifid mid-lobe, 1-2 by 1.3-2.3 cm, the lobes subequal, oblong, rounded, the basal callus consisting of 3-5 tapering verrucose ridges; spur decurved, cylindrical, 1.5-4 by 0.1-0.3 cm. Column 0.4-0.6 cm long.
(After Lewis and Cribb, 1991).

Colours:

Leaves dark green, sometimes with a paler venation. Flowers white with a yellow or red basal callus on the lip.

Habitat:

Terrestrial in lowland and montane forest. Altitude 0-1500 m.

Distribution:

Malesia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas, New Guinea, Bougainville, The Philippines), Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Madagascar, Mascarenes, trop. Asia, China, Japan, Australia, Pacific.

Distribution New Guinea:

Papua (Indonesia); Papua New Guinea. See map

Cultivation:

Warm to intermediate growing terrestrial, keep in shade.

Flowering time in the wild:

January, March, April, May, June, July, September, October, December.

Classification:

Family Orchidaceae
Subfamily Epidendroideae
Tribe Undetermined
Subtribe Collabiinae
Genus Calanthe
Section Calanthe
Species Calanthe triplicata

Literature:

Smith, J.J., Orchid. Java (1905) 211, as Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R.Br.
Smith, J.J., Nova Guinea 8, 1 (1909) 24, t. 8, fig. 24, as Calanthe engleriana Kraenzl.
Smith, J.J., Orchid. Java, Fig.-Atl. (1909) fig. 157
Schlechter, R., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1912) 380, as Calanthe engleriana Kraenzl.
Smith, J.J., Nova Guinea 12, 3 (1915) 210, as Calanthe engleriana Kraenzl.
Schlechter, R., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 21 (1923) t. 133, fig. 501, as Calanthe engleriana Kraenzl.
Schlechter, R., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 21 (1923) t. 134, fig. 503, as Calanthe orthocentron Schltr.
Schlechter, R., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 21 (1923) t. 134, fig. 502, as Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R.Br. var. cleistogama Schltr.
Dockrill, A. W., Austral. Indig. Orchids 1 (1969) 242, fig.
Lewis, B.A. & P.J. Cribb, Orchids of the Solomon Islands and Bougainville (1991) 72, fig 12L-M, pl. 4C
O'Byrne, P., Lowland Orchid. Papua New Guinea (1994) 54, fig., pl.