US20070249314A1 - Adjusting parameters associated with transmitter leakage - Google Patents
Adjusting parameters associated with transmitter leakage Download PDFInfo
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- US20070249314A1 US20070249314A1 US11/750,876 US75087607A US2007249314A1 US 20070249314 A1 US20070249314 A1 US 20070249314A1 US 75087607 A US75087607 A US 75087607A US 2007249314 A1 US2007249314 A1 US 2007249314A1
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- signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
- H04B1/50—Circuits using different frequencies for the two directions of communication
- H04B1/52—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa
- H04B1/525—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa with means for reducing leakage of transmitter signal into the receiver
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/02—Details
- H04B3/20—Reducing echo effects or singing; Opening or closing transmitting path; Conditioning for transmission in one direction or the other
- H04B3/23—Reducing echo effects or singing; Opening or closing transmitting path; Conditioning for transmission in one direction or the other using a replica of transmitted signal in the time domain, e.g. echo cancellers
- H04B3/232—Reducing echo effects or singing; Opening or closing transmitting path; Conditioning for transmission in one direction or the other using a replica of transmitted signal in the time domain, e.g. echo cancellers using phase shift, phase roll or frequency offset correction
Definitions
- This invention relates to Radio Frequency (RF) signals and, more particularly, to adjusting parameters associated with transmitter leakage.
- RF Radio Frequency
- the known transceiver 100 includes a controller 110 , a frequency source 120 , a transmitter modulator 130 , a variable gain amplifier (VGA) 140 , a power amplifier (PA) 150 , a detector 160 , a circulator 170 , an antenna 180 , an antenna connector 185 and a receiver 190 .
- Controller 110 is a microprocessor.
- the frequency source 120 is a frequency agile synthesizer.
- Detector 160 can measure the power output by the transmitter modulator 130 .
- the output of transmitter modulator 130 is calibrated using an accurate power sensor (not shown) at the antenna connector 185 by adjusting the gain setting of VGA 140 , and then storing the gain setting of VGA 140 and the detector reading that produced the desired output power level(s).
- the transmitter modulator 130 and receiver 190 operate on the same frequency, and thus the performance of receiver 190 is adversely affected by the energy from transmitter modulator 130 that is reflected back from antenna 180 , which is non-ideal in its implementation. If all radio frequency (RF) components in the transceiver modulator 130 are precisely 50 ohms, for example, then all energy from transmitter modulator 130 applied to antenna 180 is radiated, and no energy reflects back towards receiver 190 . Because an ideal 150-ohm implementation is not realistically achievable, receiver 190 will experience degraded performance due to the energy reflected from the transmitter modulator 130 by antenna 180 , relative to the weaker signal sent to receiver 190 detected by the detector.
- RF radio frequency
- the signal level reflected back from antenna 180 is, for example, typically between 15 to 25 dB below the signal from the transmitter modulator 130 and radiated by antenna 180 .
- the energy level of the signal reflected back to receiver 190 can be, for example, as high as 100 m W. This can cause signal overload of the sensitive components of receiver 190 , resulting in degradation of the sensitivity and range of receiver 190 . For the case of a homodyne receiver, this can cause a large direct current (DC) (i.e., 0 Hz) component.
- DC direct current
- An apparatus comprises a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna and a signal cancellation circuit.
- the transmitter is configured to send a transmitter signal associated with a frequency.
- the receiver is associated with the frequency.
- the antenna is coupled to the transmitter and the receiver.
- the signal cancellation circuit is coupled to the transmitter, the receiver and the antenna.
- the signal cancellation circuit is configured to phase shift a first portion of the transmitter signal to produce a phase-shifted signal.
- the signal cancellation circuit is configured to combine the phase-shifted signal with a second portion of the transmitter signal to produce a combined signal.
- the second portion of the transmitter signal is associated with a reflection of a third portion of the transmitter signal from the antenna.
- the first portion, the second portion and the third portion of the transmitter signal are different from each other.
- ′′′ transceiver having a signal cancellation circuit simultaneously transmits and receives on the same frequency while sharing a single antenna.
- a reflected signal from an antenna can be reduced significantly (for example, by 30 dB or more) via a signal cancellation circuit that takes a small amount of the transmitter signal (adjusted in amplitude to be substantially equal in amplitude to the reflected signal), and shifts the phase of the signal such that the phase-shifted signal is 1800 out of phase with the reflected signal. Consequently, when the two signals are combined, a signal having reduced amplitude is produced.
- Such signal can also be referred to as a “cancelled” signal or can have, for example, significantly reduced amplitude.
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a transceiver having a signal cancellation circuit, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the transceiver 200 includes a controller 210 , frequency source 220 , transmitter modulator 230 , VGA 240 , PA 250 , detector 260 , circulator 270 , antenna coupler 285 , antenna 280 and receiver 290 .
- Transceiver 200 also includes signal cancellation circuit 300 having coupler 310 , variable attenuator 320 , phase shifter 330 , coupler/combiner 340 , detector 350 , controller 360 , limiter 370 and low noise amplifier (LNA) 380 .
- LNA low noise amplifier
- Coupler 310 can be, for example, a directional coupler inserted between the output of PA 250 and circulator 270 .
- Coupler 310 receives signal 402 and sends signals 404 and 406 where signal 404 has a smaller amplitude than the amplitude of signal 406 .
- Signal 404 can used to cancel the reflected signal from the antenna 280 as described below in more detail.
- Variable attenuator 320 can be, for example, a variable attenuator used to adjust the amplitude of signal 404 so that the amplitude of the signal 412 substantially corresponds to the amplitude of signal 408 at combiner 340 , where signal 408 is reflected from antenna 280 .
- Phase shifter 330 can be, for example, a phase shifter configured to adjust the phase of the signal 41 0 1800 relative to the phase of the signal 408 reflected from antenna 280 and received by coupler 340 .
- Coupler 340 can be, for example, a signal coupler configured to combine signal. 412 with signal 408 reflected from the antenna.
- coupler 340 combines signal 412 with signal 408 received as reflection from antenna 280 .
- Detector 350 can be, for example, a power detector configured to measure the power of signal 414 . Detector 350 provides the detected power of signal 414 to controller 360 . Controller 360 is configured to adjust variable attenuator 320 based on the detected power of signal 414 . More specifically, controller 360 provides a control signal to variable attenuator 320 so that variable attenuator 320 modifies the amplitude of signal 404 to substantially correspond to t4e amplitude of signal 408 .
- Controller 360 is also configured to adjust phase shifter 330 based on the detected power of signal 414 . More specifically, controller 360 provides a control signal to phase shifter 330 so that the phase of signal 412 is shifted substantially 1800 from signal 408 reflected from the antenna. The output of detector 350 can be minimized, for example, when the amplitude of signals 412 and 408 are substantially equal, and the phase of signals 412 and 408 are substantially 180° relative to each other.
- Detector 350 can also be coupled elsewhere within signal cancellation circuit 300 . Such alternative locations of detector 350 within signal cancellation circuit 300 can provide an alternative measure of selectivity and sensitivity. Such alternative locations can be, for example, between LNA 380 and receiver 290 , or after the mixer (not shown) of the receiver 290 .
- Controller 360 can be configured, for example, as a control loop used to adjust the amplitude and phase of signal 404 so that signal 414 output by coupler 340 as detected by detector by detector 350 is minimized. As described above, controller 360 provides control signals to variable attenuator 320 and phase shifter 330 , which adjust the amplitude and phase, respectively, of signal 404 based on these control signals.
- Limiter 370 receives signal 414 and outputs signal 416 .
- Limiter 370 is configured to limit the amplitude of signal 414 to produce signal 416 thereby protecting LNA 380 .
- LNA 8 is configured to amplify signal 416 to improve the sensitivity performance and range of the receiver 290 . Before such amplification, however, the amplitude of signal 416 provided to LNA 380 is limited by limiter 370 to protect LNA 380 from damage by a high signal level reflected from the antenna, prior to the cancellation adjustment I refinement via controller 360 .
- the transceiver includes an optional memory device (not shown).
- the transceiver detectors e.g., detectors 260 and 350
- the transceiver detectors can be calibrated based on the calibrated data stored in the memory device of the transceiver. By calibrating the transceiver detectors based on the calibration data, the time it takes to minimize the cancellation by the signal cancellation circuit can be minimized.
- transmitter modulator 230 can be calibrated by using a power meter (not shown) at antenna connector 285 , and by adjusting VGA 240 until the desired power output from transmitter modulator 230 is achieved.
- the setting of VGA 240 and the detected power of PA 250 can be stored in the optional memory device for each possible output power setting of transmitter modulator 230 .
- variable attenuator 320 set for maximum attenuation a signal can be applied to antenna connector 285 while calibrating detector 350 over its usable range.
- variable attenuator 320 is set for maximum attenuator and detector 350 (previously calibrated) measures the power level of the reflected signal (e.g., signal 414 ). Based on the current power level detected by detector 260 , the initial value of variable attenuator 320 can be approximated to achieve a best guess of “equal amplitude,” and then phase shifter 330 can be adjusted to minimize the power level of the signal 414 detected by detector 350 . Subsequently, variable attenuator 320 can be fine tuned to produce a minimum power level of signal 414 detected by detector 350 , and then phase shifter 330 can be fine tuned to produce a minimum power level of signal 414 detected by detector 350 .
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority under 35 USC §119(e) to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/804,198, filed on Mar. 19, 2004, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- This invention relates to Radio Frequency (RF) signals and, more particularly, to adjusting parameters associated with transmitter leakage.
- In a known transceiver without signal cancellation, a single antenna is shared by the transmitter portion and receiver portion while simultaneously transmitting and receiving on the same frequency. See
FIG. 1 . The knowntransceiver 100 includes acontroller 110, afrequency source 120, atransmitter modulator 130, a variable gain amplifier (VGA) 140, a power amplifier (PA) 150, adetector 160, acirculator 170, anantenna 180, anantenna connector 185 and areceiver 190.Controller 110 is a microprocessor. Thefrequency source 120 is a frequency agile synthesizer.Detector 160 can measure the power output by thetransmitter modulator 130. - The output of
transmitter modulator 130 is calibrated using an accurate power sensor (not shown) at theantenna connector 185 by adjusting the gain setting ofVGA 140, and then storing the gain setting ofVGA 140 and the detector reading that produced the desired output power level(s). Thetransmitter modulator 130 andreceiver 190 operate on the same frequency, and thus the performance ofreceiver 190 is adversely affected by the energy fromtransmitter modulator 130 that is reflected back fromantenna 180, which is non-ideal in its implementation. If all radio frequency (RF) components in thetransceiver modulator 130 are precisely 50 ohms, for example, then all energy fromtransmitter modulator 130 applied toantenna 180 is radiated, and no energy reflects back towardsreceiver 190. Because an ideal 150-ohm implementation is not realistically achievable,receiver 190 will experience degraded performance due to the energy reflected from thetransmitter modulator 130 byantenna 180, relative to the weaker signal sent toreceiver 190 detected by the detector. - The signal level reflected back from
antenna 180 is, for example, typically between 15 to 25 dB below the signal from thetransmitter modulator 130 and radiated byantenna 180. The energy level of the signal reflected back toreceiver 190 can be, for example, as high as 100 m W. This can cause signal overload of the sensitive components ofreceiver 190, resulting in degradation of the sensitivity and range ofreceiver 190. For the case of a homodyne receiver, this can cause a large direct current (DC) (i.e., 0 Hz) component. - An apparatus comprises a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna and a signal cancellation circuit. The transmitter is configured to send a transmitter signal associated with a frequency. The receiver is associated with the frequency. The antenna is coupled to the transmitter and the receiver. The signal cancellation circuit is coupled to the transmitter, the receiver and the antenna. The signal cancellation circuit is configured to phase shift a first portion of the transmitter signal to produce a phase-shifted signal. The signal cancellation circuit is configured to combine the phase-shifted signal with a second portion of the transmitter signal to produce a combined signal. The second portion of the transmitter signal is associated with a reflection of a third portion of the transmitter signal from the antenna. The first portion, the second portion and the third portion of the transmitter signal are different from each other.
- The details of one of more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
-
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a known transceiver. -
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a transceiver having signal cancellation circuitry, according to an embodiment of the invention. - Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
- In an embodiment of the invention, ′″ transceiver having a signal cancellation circuit simultaneously transmits and receives on the same frequency while sharing a single antenna. In particular, a reflected signal from an antenna can be reduced significantly (for example, by 30 dB or more) via a signal cancellation circuit that takes a small amount of the transmitter signal (adjusted in amplitude to be substantially equal in amplitude to the reflected signal), and shifts the phase of the signal such that the phase-shifted signal is 1800 out of phase with the reflected signal. Consequently, when the two signals are combined, a signal having reduced amplitude is produced. Such signal can also be referred to as a “cancelled” signal or can have, for example, significantly reduced amplitude.
-
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a transceiver having a signal cancellation circuit, according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown inFIG. 2 , thetransceiver 200 includes acontroller 210, frequency source 220,transmitter modulator 230, VGA 240, PA 250, detector 260, circulator 270,antenna coupler 285,antenna 280 and receiver 290.Transceiver 200 also includessignal cancellation circuit 300 havingcoupler 310,variable attenuator 320,phase shifter 330, coupler/combiner 340,detector 350,controller 360, limiter 370 and low noise amplifier (LNA) 380. Each of the components of thesignal cancellation circuit 300 is discussed below. -
Coupler 310 can be, for example, a directional coupler inserted between the output of PA 250 and circulator 270.Coupler 310 receivessignal 402 and sendssignals 404 and 406 wheresignal 404 has a smaller amplitude than the amplitude of signal 406.Signal 404 can used to cancel the reflected signal from theantenna 280 as described below in more detail. -
Variable attenuator 320 can be, for example, a variable attenuator used to adjust the amplitude ofsignal 404 so that the amplitude of thesignal 412 substantially corresponds to the amplitude ofsignal 408 atcombiner 340, wheresignal 408 is reflected fromantenna 280.Phase shifter 330 can be, for example, a phase shifter configured to adjust the phase of the signal 41 0 1800 relative to the phase of thesignal 408 reflected fromantenna 280 and received bycoupler 340. -
Coupler 340 can be, for example, a signal coupler configured to combine signal. 412 withsignal 408 reflected from the antenna. In other words, aftervariable attenuator 320 adjusts the phase ofsignal 404 andphase shifter 330 adjusts the phase ofsignal 410,coupler 340 combinessignal 412 withsignal 408 received as reflection fromantenna 280. -
Detector 350 can be, for example, a power detector configured to measure the power ofsignal 414.Detector 350 provides the detected power ofsignal 414 tocontroller 360.Controller 360 is configured to adjustvariable attenuator 320 based on the detected power ofsignal 414. More specifically,controller 360 provides a control signal tovariable attenuator 320 so thatvariable attenuator 320 modifies the amplitude ofsignal 404 to substantially correspond to t4e amplitude ofsignal 408. -
Controller 360 is also configured to adjustphase shifter 330 based on the detected power ofsignal 414. More specifically,controller 360 provides a control signal tophase shifter 330 so that the phase ofsignal 412 is shifted substantially 1800 fromsignal 408 reflected from the antenna. The output ofdetector 350 can be minimized, for example, when the amplitude ofsignals signals -
Detector 350 can also be coupled elsewhere withinsignal cancellation circuit 300. Such alternative locations ofdetector 350 withinsignal cancellation circuit 300 can provide an alternative measure of selectivity and sensitivity. Such alternative locations can be, for example, between LNA 380 and receiver 290, or after the mixer (not shown) of the receiver 290. -
Controller 360 can be configured, for example, as a control loop used to adjust the amplitude and phase ofsignal 404 so thatsignal 414 output bycoupler 340 as detected by detector bydetector 350 is minimized. As described above,controller 360 provides control signals tovariable attenuator 320 andphase shifter 330, which adjust the amplitude and phase, respectively, ofsignal 404 based on these control signals. - Limiter 370 receives
signal 414 and outputs signal 416. Limiter 370 is configured to limit the amplitude ofsignal 414 to produce signal 416 thereby protectingLNA 380. More specifically, LNA 8 is configured to amplify signal 416 to improve the sensitivity performance and range of the receiver 290. Before such amplification, however, the amplitude ofsignal 416 provided toLNA 380 is limited by limiter 370 to protectLNA 380 from damage by a high signal level reflected from the antenna, prior to the cancellation adjustment I refinement viacontroller 360. - Various alternative embodiments are possible. For example, in one embodiment, the transceiver includes an optional memory device (not shown). In such an embodiment, the transceiver detectors (e.g., detectors 260 and 350) can be calibrated based on the calibrated data stored in the memory device of the transceiver. By calibrating the transceiver detectors based on the calibration data, the time it takes to minimize the cancellation by the signal cancellation circuit can be minimized.
- Similarly,
transmitter modulator 230 can be calibrated by using a power meter (not shown) atantenna connector 285, and by adjustingVGA 240 until the desired power output fromtransmitter modulator 230 is achieved. The setting ofVGA 240 and the detected power of PA 250 can be stored in the optional memory device for each possible output power setting oftransmitter modulator 230. Finally, withvariable attenuator 320 set for maximum attenuation, a signal can be applied toantenna connector 285 while calibratingdetector 350 over its usable range. - In another embodiment, a “training” sequence can be implemented in which
variable attenuator 320 is set for maximum attenuator and detector 350 (previously calibrated) measures the power level of the reflected signal (e.g., signal 414). Based on the current power level detected by detector 260, the initial value ofvariable attenuator 320 can be approximated to achieve a best guess of “equal amplitude,” and thenphase shifter 330 can be adjusted to minimize the power level of thesignal 414 detected bydetector 350. Subsequently,variable attenuator 320 can be fine tuned to produce a minimum power level ofsignal 414 detected bydetector 350, and thenphase shifter 330 can be fine tuned to produce a minimum power level ofsignal 414 detected bydetector 350. - While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changed in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (22)
Priority Applications (1)
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US11/750,876 US20070249314A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2007-05-18 | Adjusting parameters associated with transmitter leakage |
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US10/804,198 US7327802B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | Method and apparatus for canceling the transmitted signal in a homodyne duplex transceiver |
US11/750,876 US20070249314A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2007-05-18 | Adjusting parameters associated with transmitter leakage |
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US10/804,198 Continuation US7327802B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | Method and apparatus for canceling the transmitted signal in a homodyne duplex transceiver |
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US20070249314A1 true US20070249314A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
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US10/804,198 Active 2024-11-15 US7327802B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | Method and apparatus for canceling the transmitted signal in a homodyne duplex transceiver |
US11/750,876 Abandoned US20070249314A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2007-05-18 | Adjusting parameters associated with transmitter leakage |
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US10/804,198 Active 2024-11-15 US7327802B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | Method and apparatus for canceling the transmitted signal in a homodyne duplex transceiver |
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EP (2) | EP2597778B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2559965C (en) |
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Also Published As
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EP2597778B1 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
CA2559965A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
WO2005089427A3 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
US20050207509A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
EP1741213B1 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
ES2529498T3 (en) | 2015-02-20 |
EP1741213A4 (en) | 2010-06-09 |
EP2597778A1 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
HK1185728A1 (en) | 2014-02-21 |
EP1741213A2 (en) | 2007-01-10 |
US7327802B2 (en) | 2008-02-05 |
CA2559965C (en) | 2017-06-06 |
WO2005089427A2 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
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